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Four study steps are involved: 1) collection of data for a supply chain model constructed; 2) creation of a value stream map and identification of non value added activities; 3) analysis of root causes of non value added activities, or wastes, identified in the first two steps; and 4) proposal of practical guidelines to reduce or eliminate the wastes.
To lower the cost, reduction or elimination of wastes is a must.
First, data are collected to be employed in a supply chain model construct.
Data are collected from upstream to downstream of the supply chain.
And that cost reduction should focus on these two stakeholders.

2.37 2.70 3.02 3.32 4.51 8 0.52 1.79 2.07 2.16 2.66 3.29 4.44 9 1.04 1.13 1.24 1.35 1.51 2.11 3.11 10 0.52 0.93 1.12 1.19 1.41 1.88 2.67 11 1.70 1.99 2.37 4.27 4.32 4.46 6.22 12 0.67 1.13 1.18 1.41 1.51 2.35 3.56 Analysis torque and drag reduction rate data through table 2 and table 3, the drag reduction effect of the non-smooth surface is gradually obvious with the increase of the flow rate.
From these two groups of data contrast, we found that drag reduction effect on the back of the blade is better than that of the non-smooth unit arrangement on the working surface of the blade, the pit diameter d=1mm have the best drag reduction effect.
But the drag reduction effect is not as good as the model 1, 2, 3, at the standard operating conditions Q=50m3/h the reduction rate was 1.36%, at the large flow rate the reduction rate was 3.6%.
In the selection of 12 kinds of drag reduction calculation model with non-smooth surface, model 11 have the most obvious drag reduction with about 6.22%.
Overview of the technology of bionic surface drag reduction.

Research on I/O Space Reduction of Large-scale Software Systems Gao Zhiyuan1, a, Huang Haifeng1,b, Yao Jianguo1,c, Cao Yang1,d and Yang shengchun1,e 1 China Electric Power Research Institute,Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu Province,China agaozhiyuan@epri.sgcc.com.cn, bhuanghaifeng@epri.sgcc.com.cn, cyaojianguo@epri.sgcc.com.cn, dcaoyang@epri.sgcc.com.cn, eyangshengchun@epri.sgcc.com.cn Keywords: Software Testing, Combinatorial Testing(CT), Test Model, Test Suite, Test Reduction Abstract.
I/O space reduction laws for large-scale software systems Based on the above model, we make a deep analysis on I/O space for large-scale software systems, and the results reveal some important laws.
Toward a Theory of Test Data Selection.
Pairwise Test Data Generation Based on Solution Space Tree.
Black-box Test Reduction Using Input-Output Analysis.

DWT-MCDF results in high accuracies with the least sensitivity to training data abundance.
The major drawback of dimension reduction methods is that these work in specific scenarios and no general technique is available that suits all hyperspectral data.
We propose a new classification algorithm based on sparse representation for the classification of hyperspectral data using few training samples in the original high dimensional space and no dimension reduction is applied.
Sparsity is an effective model that deals with constructing of efficient representations of data as linear combination of a few typical patterns which are learned from the data itself.
Support vector machine classifiers as applied to aviris data.

Size of pore after reduction determined by H2 concentration used during reduction where the higher the H2 concentration resulted in large pore size.
However, to perform reduction of NiO, several parameters must be considered namely gas type, gas concentration, gas flow rate, reduction process temperature, reduction process holding time and many more.
The bulk density before and after reduction was measured.
While after reduced under different H2 concentration, XRD data show that all peaks that belong to NiO disappeared and only Ni (ICDD file no: 01-088-2326) peak developed for all samples.
Ghosh, Reduction of nickel oxide powder and pellet by hydrogen, Trans.

Seismic vulnerability analysis of Mid-story Isolation and Reduction Structures based stochastic vibration Peiju Chang1, a, Jian Zhu 2,b 1Department of Information and Computation, Beifang University for Nationality, YinChuan, 750021,China 2Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ning Xia University, YinChuan, 750021,China achangpeiju1979@163.com, barrow66@163.com Key words: MIRS; seismic fragility; data statistics; stochastic vibration; data mining Abstract.
A statistical distribution is fitted to the data for each intensity level on each vertical line.
The mean and standard deviation values of the response data are also given lately.
After calculating the probability of exceedance of the limit state for each intensity level, the vulnerability curve can be constructed by plotting the calculated data versus spectral acceleration.
The curves become flatter as the nature of the statistical distribution of the response data.

Then follow the general steps of data mining to research and analyze the enrollment data.
Introduction Data Mining (Data Mining-DM) is a decision support process.
Combined with a university enrollment data for analysis, information on the candidate’s personal is been attribute reduction.
Some dependencies between data can be summarized through a set of attribute after reduction.
In this paper, the data source is from graduate enrollment data.

So it can get a same effect as original data sets to data analysis, and can construct classification modeling using it.
The experiments shows that the proposed algorithm can get high efficiency and can avoid the abundant data in follow-up data processing.
Introduction Data preprocessing is the most important process in web data mining or data analysis.
Generally, data preprocessing is referred to as data cleaning, data integrate, data transition, data reduction, et al., which processed before the implementation of mining algorithm.
Similarly, to overcome the data sets feature, Huang Rong-wei, Li Wen-jing discreted the data using the theory of rough sets [4, 5].

Only I− has a higher promotion of the reduction of bromate at higher concentration than 15. 64 μmol/L, it is due to the strongly reduction potential E0(•I/ I−).
Results and discussion Fig. 1 The effects of NO3− on the Fig. 2 The effects of SO42− on the photocatalytic reduction of bromate photocatalytic reduction of bromate Effects of NO3−, SO42− and HCO3−/CO32−.
Figs. 4 and 5 show the effects of Cl− and I− on the photocatalytic reduction of bromate.
Only I− has a higher promotion of the reduction of bromate at higher concentration than 15. 64 μmol/L, it is due to the strongly reduction potential E0(•I/ I−).
A: Chem. 108(1997), p.37 [22] Wardman P.: J.Phys.Chem.Ref.Data 18(1989), p.1637

The setting goals of process lubrication were not all-inclusive in the previous manufacturer of double cold reduction.
Introduction Double cold reduction (DCR) refers to the further reduction after once cold rolling, and it will increase the hardness and strength of materials.
Based on the field tests, tracking and statistics regression, the index of fuel consumption can be appropriately expressed by the following Eq. (12): (12) where and are respectively the residual oil coefficient, which can be obtained through the regression analysis of in-situ data.
Based on the above considerations, during double cold reduction, there are four targets of comprehensive optimization technology of process lubrication: (1) stable rolling.
Corresponding comprehensive optimizing technologies of process lubrication regime in high speed rolling process of double cold reduction unit were given and used to a 1220 double cold reduction mill.