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Research on I/O Space Reduction of Large-scale Software Systems Gao Zhiyuan1, a, Huang Haifeng1,b, Yao Jianguo1,c, Cao Yang1,d and Yang shengchun1,e 1 China Electric Power Research Institute,Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu Province,China agaozhiyuan@epri.sgcc.com.cn, bhuanghaifeng@epri.sgcc.com.cn, cyaojianguo@epri.sgcc.com.cn, dcaoyang@epri.sgcc.com.cn, eyangshengchun@epri.sgcc.com.cn Keywords: Software Testing, Combinatorial Testing(CT), Test Model, Test Suite, Test Reduction Abstract.
I/O space reduction laws for large-scale software systems Based on the above model, we make a deep analysis on I/O space for large-scale software systems, and the results reveal some important laws.
Toward a Theory of Test Data Selection.
Pairwise Test Data Generation Based on Solution Space Tree.
Black-box Test Reduction Using Input-Output Analysis.

Four study steps are involved: 1) collection of data for a supply chain model constructed; 2) creation of a value stream map and identification of non value added activities; 3) analysis of root causes of non value added activities, or wastes, identified in the first two steps; and 4) proposal of practical guidelines to reduce or eliminate the wastes.
To lower the cost, reduction or elimination of wastes is a must.
First, data are collected to be employed in a supply chain model construct.
Data are collected from upstream to downstream of the supply chain.
And that cost reduction should focus on these two stakeholders.

Many enterprises have strengthened the management and technique innovation of energy saving and emission reduction to improve the performance of energy conservation and emissions reduction.
Index weights were determined by both subjective and objective method, which fully considers the experience of experts and objective information of data.
Meanwhile, the energy saving and emission reduction target and relevant requirement of government should be considered, so that it can reflect progress of energy saving and emission reduction in thermal power enterprise prominently, effectively and comprehensively.
According to the measured data of evaluation index of energy saving and emission reduction in thermal power, the matter-element to be evaluated can be built.
And the performance level of energy saving and emission reduction in this plant project belongs to ‘high’level.

2.37 2.70 3.02 3.32 4.51 8 0.52 1.79 2.07 2.16 2.66 3.29 4.44 9 1.04 1.13 1.24 1.35 1.51 2.11 3.11 10 0.52 0.93 1.12 1.19 1.41 1.88 2.67 11 1.70 1.99 2.37 4.27 4.32 4.46 6.22 12 0.67 1.13 1.18 1.41 1.51 2.35 3.56 Analysis torque and drag reduction rate data through table 2 and table 3, the drag reduction effect of the non-smooth surface is gradually obvious with the increase of the flow rate.
From these two groups of data contrast, we found that drag reduction effect on the back of the blade is better than that of the non-smooth unit arrangement on the working surface of the blade, the pit diameter d=1mm have the best drag reduction effect.
But the drag reduction effect is not as good as the model 1, 2, 3, at the standard operating conditions Q=50m3/h the reduction rate was 1.36%, at the large flow rate the reduction rate was 3.6%.
In the selection of 12 kinds of drag reduction calculation model with non-smooth surface, model 11 have the most obvious drag reduction with about 6.22%.
Overview of the technology of bionic surface drag reduction.

What’s more, by comparing 10 common kinds of data mining algorithms in our experiment, we have analyzed and summarized that data preprocessing plays a vital role on the performance and importance to data mining algorithms.
b) data distribution is uneven L.
Data preprocessing This paper aims to explain the importance of data preprocessing and how to preprocess KDD Cup 99 dataset, the purpose is not to list all of the data preprocessing techniques.
Data preprocessing aims to improve the quality of dataset by employing any methods which can achieve this purpose, such as dimensionality reduction, normalization and other measures.
PCA is the most commonly used linear dimensionality reduction method, its goal is to map high-dimensional data space to low-dimensional representation by linear projection, and expect the greatest variance in the dimension of the projection data, in order to use fewer features to represent original features.

Briquettes become an essential part of the direct reduction.
Next, it was continued with magnetic separation and weighing of the reduction products.
Data from the Geological Center in 2016 states that Indonesia has a nickel resource potential of 5.7 billion tons of nickel ore and source rock of around 79 million tons with an average nickel content of 1.20% - 3.25%.
One way to optimize the grade of laterite nickel ore is by the direct reduction method.
The reduction that is not optimal will inhibit the formation of Na2O and S from Na2SO4.

The reduction device consists of a friction element and an elastic steel spring.
Here we introduce the friction device as reduction measure.
For the chosen material data if the spring force exceeds the pre-defined friction force Fr, sliding takes place and consequently energy will be dissipated.
Consequently, no vibration reduction will tae place.
Reduction of pounding effects in elevated bridges during earthquakes.

Building Materials Composition Influence to Sound Transmission Loss (STL) Reduction Erni Setyowati1,a, Anggana Fitri Sadwikasari2,b 1Building Science Laboratory, Engineering Faculty, UNDIP, Semarang, Indonesia 2Islamic University of Indonesia (UII), Yogyakarta, Indonesia aernisyahdu@gmail.com, banggana@gmail.com Keywords: Airport noise, building material composition, STL reduction.
The models of housing are laid out with a number of specific orientation angles towards the runway and resulted values of the highest noise level reduction.
With this rotation, it can be determined that the more effective orientation angle towards the runway the higher value of sound reduction.
The comparative method is a practical method among the other methods, because it is flexible in the amount of data as well as those simplicity of the experimental treatment.9 Meanwhile, according to S.
Santoso, SPSS 18 assisted easily in solving the rating of orientation angles by incorporating the data relative to the value in the data sheet, and analyzed after labeling process. 10, 11 Sound level measurements performed well in the field when the aircraft landing and take-off.

The setting goals of process lubrication were not all-inclusive in the previous manufacturer of double cold reduction.
Introduction Double cold reduction (DCR) refers to the further reduction after once cold rolling, and it will increase the hardness and strength of materials.
Based on the field tests, tracking and statistics regression, the index of fuel consumption can be appropriately expressed by the following Eq. (12): (12) where and are respectively the residual oil coefficient, which can be obtained through the regression analysis of in-situ data.
Based on the above considerations, during double cold reduction, there are four targets of comprehensive optimization technology of process lubrication: (1) stable rolling.
Corresponding comprehensive optimizing technologies of process lubrication regime in high speed rolling process of double cold reduction unit were given and used to a 1220 double cold reduction mill.

So it can get a same effect as original data sets to data analysis, and can construct classification modeling using it.
The experiments shows that the proposed algorithm can get high efficiency and can avoid the abundant data in follow-up data processing.
Introduction Data preprocessing is the most important process in web data mining or data analysis.
Generally, data preprocessing is referred to as data cleaning, data integrate, data transition, data reduction, et al., which processed before the implementation of mining algorithm.
Similarly, to overcome the data sets feature, Huang Rong-wei, Li Wen-jing discreted the data using the theory of rough sets [4, 5].