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Online since: July 2015
Authors: Aziman Madun, Mohamad Azim Mohammad Azmi, Mohamed Nur Shafiq Mohamed Hanif, Nurul Syakeera Nordin, Saiful Azhar Ahmad Tajudin, Aeslina Abdul Kadir
The results showed a 99% reduction of Pb concentration after the contaminated clay soil was treated with S/S technique.
Table 2 XRF data obtained from the pure clay soil and contaminated clay soil Clay soil Contaminated clay soil Formula Concentration Formula Concentration orig-g 9 orig-g 9 added-g 3 added-g 3 CO2 0.1 CO2 0.1 SiO2 47. 20% SiO2 43. 40% Al2O3 17. 20% Al2O3 15. 70% Fe2O3 4.87% Fe2O3 5.09% SO3 3.12% SO3 3.48% CaO 0. 25% CaO 0. 83% Pb 0. 25% Leachability of Lead Concentration Table 3 shows the values of lead concentration for all samples were reduced.
As seen in Fig. 1, the results show a decreasing in concentration of Pb from 0.488 ppm to 0.051 ppm with the percentage reduction of 99% for 14 days of curing.
Previous study conducted by Azmi et al. [4] showed that the percentage of reduction in the 14 curing days with 15% cement was 98.96%, while the percentage reduction for the combination of cement and cockle shell powders was 99.9%, which is more efficient.
The same change was made by substituting half of the quantity of cement used with cockle shell powders given a 99% of lead concentration reduction in 14 days of curing.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Felipe Araujo Calarge, Luis Alberto Ccopa Ibarra
These in turn can read and control all production data in electronic form; data from actual production time appointed by employees, inventory costs, demand forecasts, working hours and other data related to production.
There are in the market software that read the data from the production up to the accounting data, but the connection and interpretation of these data usually do not show a direct link.
Thus, resulting in assumptions in information handling and possible flaws in the evaluation of the data that exist and are available, but in a disorganized way.
Reduction of documents and records 2.
Reduction of bureaucracy 3.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: J.M. Irwan, Norzila Othman, Koh Heng Koh, R.M. Asyraf, S.K. Faisal, M.M.K. Annas, A.M. Shahrizan
Based on the data from Table 2, it is clearly indicates that the slump of the mixture is decreased when the amount of PET fibers content increase.
In compare to the rest specimens, the result shows the data was acceptable since still in range 19 GPa to 31 GPa and be able to consider acceptable according to BS8110 - 2: 1985.
To develop this nomograph, it’s needs several data of an experiment that has been conducted and analyzes before such as compressive strength, splitting tensile, water-cement ratio and volume fraction of PET.
The data obtained experimentally than compared with data obtained by using nomograph.
To ensure the accuracy of the new development of nomograph, the known data from previous studies are used to compare with data from nomograph as shown in Fig. 1.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Jiang Xiong Wang, Jun Wen, Fu Xia Zhang
In experimental plot data quite complete situation, Summary science reasonable, both accurate and highly effective rainstorm flood space and time structure evolution rule research technique, And key discussion and research spatial data pretreatment and quality analysis, space and time structure differentiation analysis, spatial reckoning analysis, spatial pattern analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis in rainstorm flood space and time structure evolution research concrete application.
The geographic information system (GIS) usually makes a general reference uses in gaining, the storage, the inquiry, the synthesis, processing, the analysis, the demonstration and the application geography spatial data and with it related information computer system.
GIS mainly has the following several aspects in the system's function: Rainstorm space and time characteristic analysis, Spatial data processing, inquiry, retrieval, renewal and maintenance; Directs the decision-making using the spatial analysis ability and the visualization conformable display for the flood prevention to provide the auxiliary support; Provides the real-time data for each kind using the model; Optimization model parameter; The forecasts and guards against floods the information and the decision scheme visualization expression, and so on.
Or to be specific this kind of model most is mainly must from the microscopic angle realize (increases or reduction) to the different sickness danger reservoir rainstorm flood change's speed the situation, and knows sickness danger reservoir rainstorm flood space clearly the distribution and the space and time rule.
Season assignment of Rainstorm: According to statistical data, the rainstorm mainly appears in May to October, Occurs by June to August rainstorm frequently.
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Almir Oliveira Neto, Nataly Soares de Oliveira Polanco, Michele Brandalise, Estevam Vitorio Spinacé, Marcelo Marques Tusi
anataly_polanco@hotmail.com, bmmtusi@gmail.com, cmbtusi@gmail.com, daolivei@ipen.br, eespinace@ipen.br Keywords: borohydride reduction, DMFC, chemometrics Abstract.
The impregnation method, here called borohydride reduction method, is one of the most widely studied methods for the preparation of electrocatalysts [4,5].
Experimental PtRu/C electrocatalysts with 20 wt% of metal loading and Pt:Ru atomic ratio of 50:50 were prepared by a borohydride reduction method using different conditions.
Fig. 1– (a) X-ray diffraction of PtRu/C electrocatalysts prepared by borohydride reduction in different conditions.
Using the equations 1 and 2 and the data of Table 2 they were calculated the influences of solvent (S) and BH4-:metal ratio (R) separately.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Abdul Mutalib Leman, Norshuhaila Mohamed Sunar, Chin Ming Er, Paran Gani, Q. Emparan, U.K. Parjo, N.I.A. Ideris
Fungi will be selected and isolated using the established available method and data based on previous studies. 2.2 Airborne fungi and bacteria measurement Airborne fungi and bacteria samples were collected using the BioStage® single-stage viable cascade impactor attached to a SKC QuickTake® 30 Sample Pump with Malt Extract Agar plates (MEA) at a flow rate of 28.3 L/min as per requirement of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) by NIOSH Manual Analytical Standard Method (NMAM 0800).
The graph for percentage reduction of fungal growth is illustrated in Figure 3.
Figure 2: Observations on different types of wall finishings for treatment samples Figure 1: Observations on different types of wall finishings for control samples Figure 3: Graph Percentage Reduction of Fungal Growth between Control and Biocide Treatment Samples for Different Types of Wall Finishings Used From Figure 3, acrylic paint shows 15% of fungal growth reduction.
Thick wallpaper gave the highest percentage reduction of fungal growth as compared to the other three types of wall finishings used which was 60%.
The lowest percentage reduction value is seen in thin wallpaper which was only 10%.
Online since: August 2015
Authors: Mouleeswaran Senthilkumar, M. Yuvaraja, M. Kok
The defects such as unbalance of impeller, bent shaft in pump, misalignment of shaft, hydraulic pulsation, cavitation and bearing defects are diagnosed using vibration data.
Thus by diagnosing centrifugal pump using vibration data reduces cost and time for periodical maintenance.
This data is of absolutely no value to the vibration analyst unless some specific details about the machine are known.
By changing the accelerometer orientation, data was recorded in other two axes at the same bearing location.
From the data collected, the defects are identified through vibration analysis by finding the difference in amplitudes.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Mohd Hamdi Bin Abd Shukor, Nordin Hilman, Ichiro Hagiwara, Yang Yang
One of the main concerns of the automotive industry is reduction in structural weight of automobiles.
Reduction of weight on vehicles has been proven to lower the usage of fuel, and therefore save a lot of energy in order to move from one place to another.
At the same time, reduction of weight often means reduction in material usage, often regarded to be threatening structural strength of parts, components or vehicle’s body in white (BIW).
The effect of weight reduction in a vehicle can be seen in reduction in fuel consumption and emissions.
This then requires for the data to be read only at 70% of the crushing stroke, out of full stroke of 302mm, meaning the measurement when the wall hits the constraint will not be taken into account.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Talib Ria Jaafar, Mohd Fauzi Ismail, Sharzali Che Mat, Muhammad Arif Abdul Hamid Pahmi
Erroneous data points will emerge in the measured data when the instrument facing surface features beyond its limitation [4].
Typical Data Pre-Processing Gaussian Filter.
The edge preserving characteristic of median filters makes them suitable for ‘salt and pepper’ noise removal with a small reduction in the sharpness of the image.
The key idea of the median filter is to run through the data point by point, replacing each data point with the median of neighbouring data points.
Data points grouping.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Guo Yue Chen, Yuki Terata, Kazuki Saruta, Pai Pai Pan
Study Area and Data Study Area (Akita Prefecture).
Satellite Data (Terra/MODIS).
Insitu Data (AMeDAS).
AMeDAS (Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System) snow depth is an automated measuring data.
Hourly observation data of snow depth are recorded.
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