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Online since: November 2014
Authors: Ruzitah Mohd Salleh, Yasmin Syazwani Yusri, Rohani Mohd. Zin
Energy analysis from the study shows that the integrated column arrangement which implement the side-stripper configuration achieved favourable result as it offers the highest percentage in energy reduction which is up to 68% (for reboiler) and 70% (for condenser).
Consequently, this can be linked to the reduction of operating cost for hot and cool duties and trim down the overall production cost for existing NGL recovery plant.
Conventional Distillation Columns of NGL Processing; (a) Deethanizer (b) Condensate Column (c) Depropanizer (d) Debutanizer The input data used in this study are based on actual operating conditions in the natural gas processing plant.
The design data generated from the simulation are tabulated in Table 3 and 4.
By reaching all the product specifications, the lower energy usage by integrated side-stripper column sequence promotes a more sustainable process and reduces the overall annual operating cost through the reduction of reboilers and condensers duties.
Consequently, this can be linked to the reduction of operating cost for hot and cool duties and trim down the overall production cost for existing NGL recovery plant.
Conventional Distillation Columns of NGL Processing; (a) Deethanizer (b) Condensate Column (c) Depropanizer (d) Debutanizer The input data used in this study are based on actual operating conditions in the natural gas processing plant.
The design data generated from the simulation are tabulated in Table 3 and 4.
By reaching all the product specifications, the lower energy usage by integrated side-stripper column sequence promotes a more sustainable process and reduces the overall annual operating cost through the reduction of reboilers and condensers duties.
Online since: May 2017
Authors: Tamer A. Sebaey, Elsadig Mahdi
Three tests were conducted in each configuration for data reproducibility, and the average of the three tests was logged.
The acquisition system of the universal testing machine recorded the load-displacement data at a constant cross head speed of five mm/min.
Asignificant reduction in the energy absorption is recorded.
This reduction can be justified by the decrease in the stroke length.
With respect to the specific energy, the reduction ranges from 29% to 39%.
The acquisition system of the universal testing machine recorded the load-displacement data at a constant cross head speed of five mm/min.
Asignificant reduction in the energy absorption is recorded.
This reduction can be justified by the decrease in the stroke length.
With respect to the specific energy, the reduction ranges from 29% to 39%.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: M. Afzal, M. Ajmal, T.Z. Butt
The mechanical properties of each rolled plate in cold reduction
and in annealed were also measured.
However, intermediate annealing was carried out after each 25% of cold reduction.
This analysis of XRD pattern was carried out by utilizing JCPDS card No. 9-205 of International center for diffraction data [11].
This alloy can be cold worked up to 25 percent reduction without intermediate 3.
This alloy can be cold worked up to 25 percent reduction without intermediate °C for one hour followed by furnace cooling imparts sufficient softness to this alloy for further cold reduction.
However, intermediate annealing was carried out after each 25% of cold reduction.
This analysis of XRD pattern was carried out by utilizing JCPDS card No. 9-205 of International center for diffraction data [11].
This alloy can be cold worked up to 25 percent reduction without intermediate 3.
This alloy can be cold worked up to 25 percent reduction without intermediate °C for one hour followed by furnace cooling imparts sufficient softness to this alloy for further cold reduction.
Online since: September 2018
Authors: Elena E. Schutskaya, Elena V. Vilson, Lidiya A. Dolzhenko
It was noted that the oxidation-reduction potential of the bioreactor in nitrogen increased 1.7 times after re-engineering.
The averaged coefficients of enzymatic reactions for given wastewater, which are characteristics of active sludge adapted to a given substrate, were used to calculate the proportioning of structures according the data of chemical and technological indicators of biological purification.
The experimental data entail that within the limits of any functional zone, with the maintenance of external and internal optimal conditions on contact carriers, the formation of groups of microorganisms is determined by the limiting growth factor i.e.
Indicators Technological characteristics of bioreactor Basic version Version with reticulate carriers Oxidation capacity (OC), [gBOD/m3·day.] 342 356 Окислительная мощность (ОМ), [gN/m3·day.] 74.4 79.8 Oxidation-reduction capacity (ORC), [gN/m3·day.] 31.2 52.5 ORC/OC, [%] 42.0 65.8 * -mean daily sample data The oxidation capacity (OC) of the bioreactor, when divided into functional zones with reticulate septa, increased both in the organic substrate and in ammonium nitrogen, without increasing the processing time and the intensity of aeration.
At the same time, the nitrogen oxidation-reduction capacity (ORC) of the bioreactor (characterizing the amount of reduced nitrogen from the oxidized one in the process of nitrification, taking into account its assimilation by microorganisms for growth purposes) increased 1.7 times.
The averaged coefficients of enzymatic reactions for given wastewater, which are characteristics of active sludge adapted to a given substrate, were used to calculate the proportioning of structures according the data of chemical and technological indicators of biological purification.
The experimental data entail that within the limits of any functional zone, with the maintenance of external and internal optimal conditions on contact carriers, the formation of groups of microorganisms is determined by the limiting growth factor i.e.
Indicators Technological characteristics of bioreactor Basic version Version with reticulate carriers Oxidation capacity (OC), [gBOD/m3·day.] 342 356 Окислительная мощность (ОМ), [gN/m3·day.] 74.4 79.8 Oxidation-reduction capacity (ORC), [gN/m3·day.] 31.2 52.5 ORC/OC, [%] 42.0 65.8 * -mean daily sample data The oxidation capacity (OC) of the bioreactor, when divided into functional zones with reticulate septa, increased both in the organic substrate and in ammonium nitrogen, without increasing the processing time and the intensity of aeration.
At the same time, the nitrogen oxidation-reduction capacity (ORC) of the bioreactor (characterizing the amount of reduced nitrogen from the oxidized one in the process of nitrification, taking into account its assimilation by microorganisms for growth purposes) increased 1.7 times.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Peter J. Hauser
Measurements of K/S of the dyed fabrics were made with a Data Color Spectraflash SF600 Plus spectrophotometer with SLI-Form/NG software.
The data for dyeings with fiber reactive dyes are given in Tables 1 – 3.
Table 4 gives color strength and colorfastness data for conventional and cationized cotton dyed with the selected direct dyes.
Table 5 gives the data collected in that study.
Conclusions The use of cationized cotton can provide significant reductions in dye, chemical, water, and energy use as well as allowing for substantial reductions in processing time.
The data for dyeings with fiber reactive dyes are given in Tables 1 – 3.
Table 4 gives color strength and colorfastness data for conventional and cationized cotton dyed with the selected direct dyes.
Table 5 gives the data collected in that study.
Conclusions The use of cationized cotton can provide significant reductions in dye, chemical, water, and energy use as well as allowing for substantial reductions in processing time.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Roman Witasek, Petr Pánek
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a promising solution for achieving a significant reduction in CO2- emissions.
It is necessary to look for the steps leading to a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions by using newly developed technologies sequestrant this gas.
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) represent a promising solution to achieve significant reductions in CO2 emissions.
[9] Information on http://www.digitalrefining.com/data/articles/file/1028234018.pdf [10] P.
Data. 56 (2011) 1197-1203
It is necessary to look for the steps leading to a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions by using newly developed technologies sequestrant this gas.
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) represent a promising solution to achieve significant reductions in CO2 emissions.
[9] Information on http://www.digitalrefining.com/data/articles/file/1028234018.pdf [10] P.
Data. 56 (2011) 1197-1203
Online since: December 2022
Authors: Aliff Radzuan Mohamad Radzi, Norfazilah Abdul Halim, Nor Zalina Kasim, Faiz Turan
This provides and facilitates the integration and use of data throughout the chemical process.
Furthermore, it makes use of less extensive data from the reviewed studies, which could substantially simplify design comparisons to improved or new processes.
This considers the integration of all qualitative and quantitative parameters into sustainability evaluation data.
The input of the sustainability evaluation is the output data that are extracted from Aspen Hysys simulation for example, mass flowrate of the ethanol produced and other substances along the process of conversion from ethylene to ethanol.
For social concerns, the safety and health risks are chosen as they can be manipulated in quantitative data and the value of normalized metrics are by dividing the mass flow rate and score by number of total compounds involved.
Furthermore, it makes use of less extensive data from the reviewed studies, which could substantially simplify design comparisons to improved or new processes.
This considers the integration of all qualitative and quantitative parameters into sustainability evaluation data.
The input of the sustainability evaluation is the output data that are extracted from Aspen Hysys simulation for example, mass flowrate of the ethanol produced and other substances along the process of conversion from ethylene to ethanol.
For social concerns, the safety and health risks are chosen as they can be manipulated in quantitative data and the value of normalized metrics are by dividing the mass flow rate and score by number of total compounds involved.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: R. Arumugam, R. Karthikeyan, K. Vijayakumar
The static and transient electromagnetic characteristics have been obtained through the electromagnetic finite element analysis software MagNet6.22.1 while the thermal and vibration aspects have been studied through coupled field Finite Element Analysis employing the multi physics software ANSYS10 while the Impulse hammers excitation - free vibration test using RT Pro Photon data acquisition system facilitated the experimental determination of vibration characteristics.
The study concludes that the advantages of less weight , low torque ripple, low eddy current losses, reduction in vibration level of stator structure coupled with the ability to maintain precise mechanical dimensional tolerance may present SMC-SRG a viable candidate in standalone wind energy conversion systems meant for rural and remote area electrification scheme.
Fig.9.Nodal temperature distribution Fig.10 Circumferential mode shapes The experimental setup for the impulse hammers excitation - free vibration test [5] of the SMC-SRG using RT Pro Photon data acquisition system is shown in Fig.11.
Conclusion This paper delineated the fabrication and testing of Switched reluctance generator structure with SOMOLOY1000, a soft magnetic composite material and the investigation led to the conclusion that the advantages of less weight , low torque ripple, low eddy current losses, reduction in vibration level of stator structure coupled with the ability to maintain precise mechanical dimensional tolerance may present SMC-SRG a viable candidate in standalone wind energy conversion systems meant for rural and remote area electrification scheme.
The study concludes that the advantages of less weight , low torque ripple, low eddy current losses, reduction in vibration level of stator structure coupled with the ability to maintain precise mechanical dimensional tolerance may present SMC-SRG a viable candidate in standalone wind energy conversion systems meant for rural and remote area electrification scheme.
Fig.9.Nodal temperature distribution Fig.10 Circumferential mode shapes The experimental setup for the impulse hammers excitation - free vibration test [5] of the SMC-SRG using RT Pro Photon data acquisition system is shown in Fig.11.
Conclusion This paper delineated the fabrication and testing of Switched reluctance generator structure with SOMOLOY1000, a soft magnetic composite material and the investigation led to the conclusion that the advantages of less weight , low torque ripple, low eddy current losses, reduction in vibration level of stator structure coupled with the ability to maintain precise mechanical dimensional tolerance may present SMC-SRG a viable candidate in standalone wind energy conversion systems meant for rural and remote area electrification scheme.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Dusan Marcek
These include descriptive statistics, data transformations and testing.
To predict the financial time series data a regression model is used with disturbances following an ARCH type process.
Tentative identification of an ARIMA time series model is done through analysis of actual historical data.
The fitted vs. actual VUB bond price vales for the validation data set are graphically displayed in Fig. 1 left.
[9] Data on http://www.vubam.sk/Default.aspx?
To predict the financial time series data a regression model is used with disturbances following an ARCH type process.
Tentative identification of an ARIMA time series model is done through analysis of actual historical data.
The fitted vs. actual VUB bond price vales for the validation data set are graphically displayed in Fig. 1 left.
[9] Data on http://www.vubam.sk/Default.aspx?
Online since: June 2021
Authors: Yu Liu, Li Wei Hao, Xiao Qing Li, Hai Tao Zhao
Research Progress on Low-Carbon Technologies and Assessment Methods in Cement Industry
Haitao Zhao1,a, Yu Liu1,b*, Xiaoqing Li1,c and Liwei Hao2,d
1National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
2Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research/State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing 100041, China
azhaoht@emails.bjut.edu.cn, bliuyu@bjut.edu.cn, clixiaoqing@bjut.edu.cn, dhaoliwei@bbma.com.cn
Keywords: Cement; Greenhouse gas; Low-carbon technology; Assessment method
Abstract.
Li Jinmei et al. [16] compared the calculation boundaries and calculation methods of GB/T32151.8-2015, the "Supplementary Data Sheet" of cement clinker manufacturers and CNCA/CTS0017-2014; combined with the production data of a cement company, making the conclusion that different defined calculation boundaries and emission source types, different prescribed calculation methods and different recommended default values will result in different calculated GHG emission.
Based on the production data of a cement company, Yin Jingyu et al. [18] calculated and analyzed the unit GHG emission of the company's cement products according to the boundaries, emission sources and CO2 emission limits required by CNCA/CTS0017-2014.
In addition to understanding the emission sources, boundaries, and the calculation method of GHG emission, it also needs to grasp the rationality of the key data sources in the certification process and make judgments on the rationality of the data.
(3) A technology that achieves GHG-emission reduction throughout its life cycle can be considered low-carbon technology.
Li Jinmei et al. [16] compared the calculation boundaries and calculation methods of GB/T32151.8-2015, the "Supplementary Data Sheet" of cement clinker manufacturers and CNCA/CTS0017-2014; combined with the production data of a cement company, making the conclusion that different defined calculation boundaries and emission source types, different prescribed calculation methods and different recommended default values will result in different calculated GHG emission.
Based on the production data of a cement company, Yin Jingyu et al. [18] calculated and analyzed the unit GHG emission of the company's cement products according to the boundaries, emission sources and CO2 emission limits required by CNCA/CTS0017-2014.
In addition to understanding the emission sources, boundaries, and the calculation method of GHG emission, it also needs to grasp the rationality of the key data sources in the certification process and make judgments on the rationality of the data.
(3) A technology that achieves GHG-emission reduction throughout its life cycle can be considered low-carbon technology.