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A Case Study of Earthquake Resistant Retrofit Design with Economical Braced Steel Frame System for a Primary School Guan-Chyun Shiah1, a, Chia-Lun Liu2,b 1 Dept. of Civil Engineering, 415 Chien-Kung Road, San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 2 Dept. of Civil Engineering, 415 Chien-Kung Road, San-Ming District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan aseattle@cc.kuas.edu.tw, bmediumfoot-1@yahoo.com.tw Keywords: Earthquake Resistance, Braced Steel Frame, Retrofit design.
According to “The handbook of seismic resistant evaluation standard for school buildings” issued by National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) in 2009, this study analyzes elementary school building adopting braced steel frame retrofit system, conducts seismic evaluation, as well as compares its seismic performance with shear-wall retrofit structure and RC strengthening of columns .
Introduction When an existing structure of primary school required retrofitting construction, it is necessary for the professional design engineer to choose a best retrofitting construction design which is based on the construction price, construction duration, code requirement, and other factors to be considered in order to get the best retrofitting alternative.
Literature References [1] National Center for earthquake engineering research, the school structure seismic evaluation and strengthening technical manuals , National Center for research on earthquake engineering, Second Edition, a technical manual.(2009) [2] Chia-Lun Liu, Master Thesis, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Science (August, 2011) [3] Roeder, C.W. , Fouth, D.A. and Goel, S.C.
,Seismic Testing of Full-ScaleBuilding,Journal of Structural Division, ASCE, Vol.113, No.11,pp.2130-2145,(March ,1987) [4] Li Sen, Ho ETABS Introduction and Applications of Engineering , Federal Engineering Company limited, Publishing (2003)

Pre-stressing the stainless steel wire mesh is the key technology for engineering practice.
The small diameter SSWM-M is not suitable for large scale structure and engineering practice.
The large diameter pre-stressed SSWM-M is more suitable for large scale engineering structure
China Civil Engineering Journal, 2007, 40(8): 1-7.
Beijing：Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University,，2003.6.

Optimization of Structures Using Improved Genetic Algorithms for Discrete Variables Yuan Tian1, a, Qingxuan Shi1, b, Chaoyan Zhu2, c 1School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055,P.R.China 2School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, P.R.China atianyuan412@163.com, bqingxuanshi@sina.com, czhuchaoyan0321@163.com Keywords: Discrete Variable; Structural Optimization; Genetic Algorithm; Improved Genetic Algrothm Abstract.
Genetic algorithms (GA) have been shown to be very effective optimization tools for a number of engineering problems.

Nanomaterials, nanocomposites uses in construction Miriam Ledererova Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Department of Material Engineering, Slovakia miriam.ledererova@stuba.sk Keywords: Nanomaterials, nanocomposites, construction, exploitation Abstract: Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary, cross-cutting technology and incorporates a number of other areas.
Nanomaterials are now used for many purposes and in almost all industries, healthcare, engineering, construction, chemical industry, automobile industry to the aerospace industry.
Nanotechnology encompasses nanoscale science, engineering, and technology that involve imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.
The development of nanotechnology-based concrete materials requires a multidisciplinary approach, consisting of teams of concrete materials experts: civil engineers, nanotechnology chemists, physicists, and materials scientists.
ScienceDirect, journal homepage:www elsevier.com/locate/carbon 72(2014)224-232 [5] Kocsis, D., Nanotechnology in cement composites: Master thesis, STU Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2014

Impact Compaction Technology of Filling Subgrade with Yellow River sandy soil Yuqing Yuan1, a, Wei Li1, b, Tianwen Yang2, c, Tao Guo1, d 1School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China 2Henan Guo'an construction Group CO.Ltd, Luoyang 471000,China ayuanyq@126.com, b250315995@qq.com, c68504146@qq.com, d250315995@qq.com Keywords: road engineering; subgrade; impact compaction; Yellow River sandy soil Abstract: In order to reduce sinking after subgrade construction, impact compaction technology was put forward.
The soil samples were gotten from the engineering site.
Based on Test Methods of Soils for Highway Engineering (JTGE40-2007), it is indicated that the sample is silt soil.
Lou:Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,Vol. 24(7) (2005), p.1207
Wang:Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.29(3) (2007),p.360

Organized by Hunan University, CHINA Center for Advanced Cement-Based Materials, Northwestern University, USA Sponsored by American Concrete Institute (ACI) National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) China Civil Engineering Society Central South University Trans Tech Publications Ltd

Input Value Correlation in Chloride Ion Ingress Modelling and Concrete Structures Reliability ŠOMODÍKOVÁ Martina1,a∗, TEPLÝ Břetislav1,b and VOŘECHOVSKÁ Dita1,c 1Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Veveří 331/95, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic asomodikova.m@fce.vutbr.cz, bteply.b@fce.vutbr.cz, cvorechovska.d@fce.vutbr.cz Keywords: Chloride Ion Ingress, Statistical Correlation, Time-dependency, Reliability.
Many works concerning the modelling and testing of degradation effects for engineering systems are reported in the literature.
The degradation of reinforced concrete is a complex transport process [3] and its modelling in a simple form suitable for use in engineering practice is not feasible.
First Middle East Conf. on Smart Monitoring, Assessment and Rehabilitation of Civil Structures, Dubai, UAE, 2011, pp. 2-9
Teplý, Freet: Software for the statistical and reliability analysis of engineering problems and FReET-D: Degradation module, Adv.

Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education b.
Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PRC C Department of Building Engineering College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, PRC Yazhouqin2008@163.com, Wangding@163.com Keywords—In-situ measurement; Newmark-β method; Matlab; Fast Fourier Transform method Abstract—It is of importance to identify the subway train random vibration load correctly.
Xie, “Measurement and analysis of vibration caused by passing trains in subway running tunnel,” China civil engineering journal, 23(2). 1990. pp. 21–28
Li, “Integral scheme of direct Newmark precise integration method and its application to seismic response analysis,” journal of earthquake engineering and engineering vibration. 27(4). 2007. pp. 30–34
Li, “Step-by-step integration methods for solving dynamic equations in earthquake engineering,” engineering mechanics. 13(2). 1996. pp. 110–118.

Internal Force and Deformation Analysis of Pile-Brace Support Structure of Foundation Pit Considering Deformation Compatibility Changjie Xu1,2, a, Zhiyuan Luo1,b 1Dept. of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China 2School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China axucj@zju.edu.cn, bluozhiyuan1025@126.com Keywords: Excavation, Beam on Elastic Foundation, Internal Support, Finite Difference Method, Displacement.
References [1] Yanpeng Zhu, Xiuli Wang and Jin Yu: Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.
(in Chinese) [4] Binqiang Zhang: Geotechnical Engineering World.
(in Chinese) [6] Shengchuan Tang, Jinming Su and Runqiu Huang: Journal of Engineering Geology.
(in Chinese) [9] Zihang Dai, Pusheng Shen and Zhenbin Peng: China Civil Engineering Journal, Vol. 30(3) (1997), p. 99.

Advances in Hygro-Thermal Deformation of Concrete Material Kai Sheng a, Chunlin Liu b, Zhizi Yang c and Depeng Chen d* School of Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, China a761610878@qq.com,bchunlinliu@163.com,c435283417@qq.com,ddpchen@ahut.edu.cn Keywords: Concrete, hygro-thermal deformation, numerical simulation, fatigue effect Abstract.
Introduction The durability of concrete structure is one of the world's major tasks, especially on a large scale construction of Chinese civil engineering.
Crack control of engineering structure, Beijing, China Archit.
Civil Eng.
Civil Eng. 8 (2010) 287-296