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Online since: December 2013
Authors: Jie Zhang, Yong Chen, Ji Gan Wang, Chuan Yu Liu, Shu Shu Huang
Introduction
Carbon emission permits allocation in power industry is the primary task to carry out market-oriented power carbon reduction.
There are many methods, such as method based on historical emissions, auction method, method based on the latest data, method based on zero DEA, based on the B-S option pricing model, and so on[2-6].
Through gathering historical data of each index, we make trend prediction according to the historical data to get the lowest and highest attribute values.
How can China reach its CO2 intensity reduction targets by 2020?
:Sharing the Carbon Emission Reduction Responsibility across Chinese Provinces: A Zero Sum Gains DEA Model: Resources Science.11(2012), p2087-2096 [6]Perssonetal A, Azar C,Lindgren K.Allocation of CO2 emission Permits-Economic incentives for emission reductions in developing countries: Energy Policy. 11(2005), p11-14
There are many methods, such as method based on historical emissions, auction method, method based on the latest data, method based on zero DEA, based on the B-S option pricing model, and so on[2-6].
Through gathering historical data of each index, we make trend prediction according to the historical data to get the lowest and highest attribute values.
How can China reach its CO2 intensity reduction targets by 2020?
:Sharing the Carbon Emission Reduction Responsibility across Chinese Provinces: A Zero Sum Gains DEA Model: Resources Science.11(2012), p2087-2096 [6]Perssonetal A, Azar C,Lindgren K.Allocation of CO2 emission Permits-Economic incentives for emission reductions in developing countries: Energy Policy. 11(2005), p11-14
Online since: May 2021
Authors: A.V. Senin, A.G. Ryazanov, D.M. Galimov
Investigations on microwave reduction of low-quality pyrolusite MnO2 with carbon were carried out [21, 22].
The starting time of intense evaporation of zinc chloride and sample mass reduction upon exposure to microwave calcination were controlled parameters.
Data on sample mass reduction, chlorine concentration in the sample after microwave calcination, degree of zinc chloride removal, duration of heating before starting of intense evaporation of zinc chloride are also presented in Table 1.
Fig. 3 shows the data on the sample mass losses depending on the concentration of zinc chloride in the mixture in graphical form.
Fig. 4 shows the data on increase in the heating rate of mixtures at increasing the concentration of zinc chloride in the initial mixture.
The starting time of intense evaporation of zinc chloride and sample mass reduction upon exposure to microwave calcination were controlled parameters.
Data on sample mass reduction, chlorine concentration in the sample after microwave calcination, degree of zinc chloride removal, duration of heating before starting of intense evaporation of zinc chloride are also presented in Table 1.
Fig. 3 shows the data on the sample mass losses depending on the concentration of zinc chloride in the mixture in graphical form.
Fig. 4 shows the data on increase in the heating rate of mixtures at increasing the concentration of zinc chloride in the initial mixture.
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Jian Hua Tong, Shan Hong Xia, Yang Li, Ji Zhou Sun, Zi Yuan Song, Chao Bian
Reduction current produced on the working electrode surface is proportional to solution concentration.
The value of the current produced during copper-modification process was usually about 100 times as large as that of the reduction current during determination.
Finally, via RS232 ports, the MCU transmitted the ultimate data up to a server with a GPRS wireless module or a data line.
The experimental data is compared in Fig.4 based on different value of Cf and t (f=2mV/t).
The linearity between the reduction current and concentrations at reduction peak was 99.7% and the sensitivity was 1.2325μA·L·mg-1.
The value of the current produced during copper-modification process was usually about 100 times as large as that of the reduction current during determination.
Finally, via RS232 ports, the MCU transmitted the ultimate data up to a server with a GPRS wireless module or a data line.
The experimental data is compared in Fig.4 based on different value of Cf and t (f=2mV/t).
The linearity between the reduction current and concentrations at reduction peak was 99.7% and the sensitivity was 1.2325μA·L·mg-1.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Shun Kun Yu, Hong Tang
Example analysis of provincial power enterprise Operation Efficiency
Evaluation index selection and data statistics introduction.
The result of the DEA evaluation is dependent on the input and output index data.
By evaluating the data in Table 1 with Eq.3 and Eq.4, we can get the enterprise operations efficiency result as Table 2.
Conclusions The effectiveness of DEA depends on the accuracy of target data.
Data envelopment analysis based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and its application [D].
The result of the DEA evaluation is dependent on the input and output index data.
By evaluating the data in Table 1 with Eq.3 and Eq.4, we can get the enterprise operations efficiency result as Table 2.
Conclusions The effectiveness of DEA depends on the accuracy of target data.
Data envelopment analysis based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and its application [D].
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Jong Tar Kuo, Ying Chien Chung, Chia Jung Wu, Chih Yu Chen, Yen Tzu Chen, Nai Chu Weng
Based on the cost and efficiency consideration, the bioaerosol reduction using a diluted water-soluble chitosan solution for a long-term treatment was practical.
Some studies have reported the use of chitosan as coagulant or fl˚Cculant for the removal of suspended colloids and as bactericides for bacteria reduction [5].
The removal efficiency ranged from 99.97-100% (data not shown).
The size of the inhibition zone caused by water-soluble chitosan was equal to that caused by 10 ppm of Streptomycin (data not shown).
Based on the cost consideration, the bioaerosol reduction using a diluted water-soluble chitosan for a long-term period was practical.
Some studies have reported the use of chitosan as coagulant or fl˚Cculant for the removal of suspended colloids and as bactericides for bacteria reduction [5].
The removal efficiency ranged from 99.97-100% (data not shown).
The size of the inhibition zone caused by water-soluble chitosan was equal to that caused by 10 ppm of Streptomycin (data not shown).
Based on the cost consideration, the bioaerosol reduction using a diluted water-soluble chitosan for a long-term period was practical.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: A.S. Ganapathi, Sunil C. Joshi, Zhong Chen
Details of an experiment conducted to find compression characteristics of bleeder of varying thickness and the number of layers and related data that was used in the FE analysis are discussed in this paper.
Applied compressive load versus reduction in thickness were measured and recorded.
From the data, change in porosity (φ) and void ratio (e) can be obtained as: φ=φ0Instataneous volume of bleederInitial Volume of bleeder ; e=φ1-φ (1) Fig. 2.
Because of the availability of the data, Graphite/Epoxy prepreg system was used for the simulation.
The reduction in resin content with 4 mm bleeder is 3% whereas for 8 mm bleeder it is 5%.
Applied compressive load versus reduction in thickness were measured and recorded.
From the data, change in porosity (φ) and void ratio (e) can be obtained as: φ=φ0Instataneous volume of bleederInitial Volume of bleeder ; e=φ1-φ (1) Fig. 2.
Because of the availability of the data, Graphite/Epoxy prepreg system was used for the simulation.
The reduction in resin content with 4 mm bleeder is 3% whereas for 8 mm bleeder it is 5%.
Online since: April 2008
Authors: A.B. Naizabekov, Sergey N. Lezhnev
The deformation of the first billet in the des with elastic elements according o the following
scheme:
[reduction (cross shear) - a turn around its axis by 180
0 - straitening - a turn around its axis by
90
0 - reduction (longitudinal shear) - a turn around its axis by 180
0 - straitening] - the first cycle.
2.
The deformation of the fourth, fifth and sixth billets is made in the flat dies with reduction and according to the deformation schemes corresponding to the deformation in the dies with elastic elements.
The third billet was deformed in the dies with elastic elements with 35% relative reduction which allows to obtain the billet sizes 130x251x368 mm, forging reduction being 1.19, 1.27 and 1.54 accordingly.
The data obtained whet studying U-8 steel microstructure are given in table 1.
Graphs of U8 steel mechanical properties against reduction 600 650 700 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 700 750 800 850 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 а) 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 b) 010 20 30 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 c) a - Graphs of strength properties against reduction; b - Graphs of plastic properties against reduction; c - Graphs of impact strength against reduction
The deformation of the fourth, fifth and sixth billets is made in the flat dies with reduction and according to the deformation schemes corresponding to the deformation in the dies with elastic elements.
The third billet was deformed in the dies with elastic elements with 35% relative reduction which allows to obtain the billet sizes 130x251x368 mm, forging reduction being 1.19, 1.27 and 1.54 accordingly.
The data obtained whet studying U-8 steel microstructure are given in table 1.
Graphs of U8 steel mechanical properties against reduction 600 650 700 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 700 750 800 850 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 а) 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 b) 010 20 30 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 c) a - Graphs of strength properties against reduction; b - Graphs of plastic properties against reduction; c - Graphs of impact strength against reduction
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Fredrik Engström, Bo Björkman, Qi Xing Yang, Peng Xue, An Jun Xu, Feng Lan Han, Dong Feng He
Results obtained are discussed together with data from early work [2-4], as well as related literature information [5-7].
There was some reduction of slag while it was contained in graphite crucibles for the re-melting.
The reduction was avoided by using MgO crucibles to hole the samples.
Some researchers have successfully replaced fluoride with some new F-free catalyzers for MgO reduction in Pidgeon process [9].
Results from the present study indicate that the slag re-melting with or without reduction and granulation with either water or gas have very limited effects on F leaching, as well as the formation of different C2S polymorphs.
There was some reduction of slag while it was contained in graphite crucibles for the re-melting.
The reduction was avoided by using MgO crucibles to hole the samples.
Some researchers have successfully replaced fluoride with some new F-free catalyzers for MgO reduction in Pidgeon process [9].
Results from the present study indicate that the slag re-melting with or without reduction and granulation with either water or gas have very limited effects on F leaching, as well as the formation of different C2S polymorphs.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Yutian Liu, Xiao Ming Liu
The effects of VDCOL to voltage stability along with serious voltage reduction during or after faults are analyzed in detail.
That’s beneficial to voltage stability for the reduction of reactive power consumed by inverter during and after faults.
The power gird nearby Qingdao converter substation is shown in Figure 3: Fig. 3 Power grid nearby Qingdao converter substation The data for simulation is a typical operation condition of Shandong power gird in 2011 and the Effective Short Circuit Ratio (ESCR) is 6.8.
The reactive power demand of induction motors increase under severe voltage reduction.
The voltage reduction at the end of transmission line is more seriously due to the transmission of large reactive power.
That’s beneficial to voltage stability for the reduction of reactive power consumed by inverter during and after faults.
The power gird nearby Qingdao converter substation is shown in Figure 3: Fig. 3 Power grid nearby Qingdao converter substation The data for simulation is a typical operation condition of Shandong power gird in 2011 and the Effective Short Circuit Ratio (ESCR) is 6.8.
The reactive power demand of induction motors increase under severe voltage reduction.
The voltage reduction at the end of transmission line is more seriously due to the transmission of large reactive power.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Fei Zhou Zhang, Jia Zhou Geng, Peng Cheng
When it comes to navigation function, common means of navigation are based on the vector data.
Emergency information platform is based on the emergency communication network platform, which takes centralized management and integrated application of data and information related to the disaster response rescue command to ensure the emergency decision support and emergency command.
The workflow is: collecting the field disaster data with the disaster information collection system first, and then send it to BD satellite with the uplink L band, using BD’s communication ability to send the data to the general information service platform, at the same time, the information is also sent to the disaster response command center through the ground communication networks to analyze and process.
Hand-held satellite positioning emergency response system is provided with satellite navigation and positioning, loading data of satellite remote sensing images (raster from) and electronic map (vector form), communication, data transmission and other basic functions, it can be applied in the field survey and disaster information collecting, and also can be used in the relief supplies transportation, meanwhile it is an important factor to dispatch and command, and it has the function of post-disaster valuation analysis. 2) Emergency response embedded software system for hand-held terminal.
This system mainly includes embedded GIS module, GNSS module, mobile communication module, data transmission module and business application module.
Emergency information platform is based on the emergency communication network platform, which takes centralized management and integrated application of data and information related to the disaster response rescue command to ensure the emergency decision support and emergency command.
The workflow is: collecting the field disaster data with the disaster information collection system first, and then send it to BD satellite with the uplink L band, using BD’s communication ability to send the data to the general information service platform, at the same time, the information is also sent to the disaster response command center through the ground communication networks to analyze and process.
Hand-held satellite positioning emergency response system is provided with satellite navigation and positioning, loading data of satellite remote sensing images (raster from) and electronic map (vector form), communication, data transmission and other basic functions, it can be applied in the field survey and disaster information collecting, and also can be used in the relief supplies transportation, meanwhile it is an important factor to dispatch and command, and it has the function of post-disaster valuation analysis. 2) Emergency response embedded software system for hand-held terminal.
This system mainly includes embedded GIS module, GNSS module, mobile communication module, data transmission module and business application module.