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Online since: June 2012
Authors: Ling Yang, Ying Jian Niu
The X-ray diffraction data show that the phase obtained has a cubic-type structure.
Fig. 4 shows that ZHS and Sb2O3 can effectively reduce the data of HRR, CO and CO2 production.
It is clear that the reductions in the HRR, production of CO and CO2 are different in the two samples using different flame retardants.
There is 28.91% reduction in the peak HRR for the PVC2 sample containing 10 wt.-% prepared ZHS compared to pure PVC0 containing 3 wt.-% Pbst stabilizer only, whereas the reduction is 23.60% for sample PVC1.
Online since: August 2011
Authors: Shou Wen Yao, Jian Li Lv, Qing Dong Peng
According to the result of optimization, the CAD model of housing is rebuilt and the finite element analysis of the new housing is done.The results show that both the static and dynamic performance are improved besides the mass reduction, namely, dynamic topology optimization can significantly improve the product’s performance.
The dynamic load data of all bearings is the force boundary of the analysis, which is the priority of the dynamic analysis.
The time load data is transferred to frequency data by Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT).
Fig 3 Elements density contour of housing’s dynamic topology optimization CAD Model redesign and verification The mass of the new housing is 314.5kg after redesign CAD model of the housing according to structural optimization with 18.4kg less than the old one, in which the mass reduction of wall thickness is 13.1kg, about 71.2% of the total mass reduction.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Zhan Huang, Feng Xing, Zhuo Ni, Xue Xiao Du, Shuai Wang
The pore size distribution and surface area of the cement composite with microcapsule are analyzed, showing a reduction in the pore content of cement composite and makes the pores smaller, which would improve durability and impermeability for designed materials.
The usage of microcapsules in the concrete composites leads to a recovery in the bending strength while a steady reduction in the properties for the cement materials, showing that the microcapsules can be effectively applied in the design of self-healing concrete composites.
It is observed that both the initial setting time and the final setting time show no change when these microcapsules were added into the cement, respectively being 2.8 hours and 3.6 hours, which are the same as the data for the cement.
The experimental data indicate that the usage of microcapsules in the concrete composites leads to a recovery in the bending strength while a steady reduction in these properties for the cement materials.
The data of pore size and surface area indicate that the application of microcapsule in cement composite can improve the durability and impermeability for concrete structure [8].
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Xue Mei Ding, Lu Lu Xu, Li Zhu Chen
Textile printing and dyeing enterprises are the main governance object and they carried out a series of energy/water conversation and emission/pollution reduction projects and measures.
The textile printing and dyeing enterprises have carried out a series of energy and water conservation as well as emission reduction projects.
WF=BWF+GWF+WFcaused by energy or material (1) Where: WF means the water footprint; BWF means the blue water footprint; GWF means the grey water footprint; WF caused by energy or material means the indirect water footprint of energy or material used by the enterprise; BWF=Vwithdrawl-Veffluent (2) Where: Vwithdrawl means the volume of the water withdrawal by the enterprise; Veffluent means the volume of the effluent the enterprise discharges to the centralized sewage treatment plant; GWF=Veffluent×Ceffl-Vwithdrawl×CwithdrawlCmax-Cnat (3) Where: Ceffl means the pollutant concentration of the effluent, we use the testing data of COD concentration in the effluent in this paper; Cwithdrawl means the pollutant concentration of the water withdrawal, we use the testing data of COD concentration in the water withdrawal in this paper;
Cmax means the ambient water quality standard for the pollutant, we use the limit value of COD concentration for the industrial water in GB 3838-2002 The surface water environment quality standard: 30 mg/L; Cnat means the natural concentration in the receiving water body, we use the annual average testing data of COD concentration of the receiving water body in Yangtze River in 2014: 2 mg/L.
Therefore, WF and CF are effective tools to evaluate the environmental performance of the energy/water conversation and emission/pollution reduction project that the production enterprises conduct.
Online since: August 2007
Authors: Jeom Kee Paik, Won Beom Kim
In this research, corrosion fatigue tests using 490MPa TMCP steel were performed in synthetic seawater condition to investigate the corrosion fatigue crack propagation characteristics of TMCP steel plate which is often used for ships and offshore structures from its weldability and weight reduction purpose.
Introduction Recently, TMCP steel is widely used from its merit of weldability and weight reduction effect in ships and offshore structures.
It can be seen from Fig. 6 that da/dN-∆K data in air condition are plotted almost on one line.
This shows that the crack propagation in air condition is governed by the stress intensity factor only. ∫= ij ijijdW ε εσ0 jiji nT σ= jn E K J 2 = Γ Γ ∫Γ ∂ ∂ −= ds x u TWdyJ i i ) ( iT iu Fig.5 Calculated boundary correlation factor Fig. 6 Corrosion fatigue crack propagation data F(α,β) for the CCT specimen of the current research da/dN-∆K for 490MPa TMCP steel In Seawater Condition.
From the da/dN-△K data in seawater condition, it is obvious that the data of the synthetic seawater condition are much more scattered than those of air condition.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Chun Yuan Wu, Qin Fen Li, Xiao Deng, Shan Shan Chen, Jin Kun Liu
Recently, the microbe-mediated humus reduction and humus-reducing microorganisms (HRMs) have been received significant concern.
Stain PQ-1, PQ-2 and PQ-3 might be more effective on PQ degradation coupling with AQDS reduction, therefore were chosen in the following studies.
Data showed that the concentration of PQ remained almost constant in the biotic (without AQDS) and abiotic (without active cells) controls.
AHQDS concentrations were increasing coupled to PQ decreasing (data not shown).
In this study, PQ anaerobic degradation is probably due to extracellular reduction of AQDS by pure strains.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Yi Cheng Huang, Fong You Lee
An analytical solution method is applied to satisfy the requirements for vibration reduction.
After the crankshaft counterweight is machined and installed, the new crankshaft is able to reduce compressor vibrations from 32 mm/s down to 15.8 mm/s and noise reduction of 3 dB.
Experiments and Results Comparison The purpose of crankshaft modal testing is to measure the frequency response data of the system and to establish a model for mathematical and physical properties, which can then be used as a reference for crankshaft balance weight design.
After the modal testing experiment, we compared the natural frequency obtained from the experiment with the results from finite element analysis to verify that the processed data was based on spectrum analyzer measurements.
Comparison of data obtained from the experiment and simulation using finite element analysis is listed in Table 2, which reveals that the natural frequency obtained from the modal testing experiment and the finite element simulation had an error rate of less than 6 %.
Online since: September 2018
Authors: Elena E. Schutskaya, Elena V. Vilson, Lidiya A. Dolzhenko
It was noted that the oxidation-reduction potential of the bioreactor in nitrogen increased 1.7 times after re-engineering.
The averaged coefficients of enzymatic reactions for given wastewater, which are characteristics of active sludge adapted to a given substrate, were used to calculate the proportioning of structures according the data of chemical and technological indicators of biological purification.
The experimental data entail that within the limits of any functional zone, with the maintenance of external and internal optimal conditions on contact carriers, the formation of groups of microorganisms is determined by the limiting growth factor i.e.
Indicators Technological characteristics of bioreactor Basic version Version with reticulate carriers Oxidation capacity (OC), [gBOD/m3·day.] 342 356 Окислительная мощность (ОМ), [gN/m3·day.] 74.4 79.8 Oxidation-reduction capacity (ORC), [gN/m3·day.] 31.2 52.5 ORC/OC, [%] 42.0 65.8 * -mean daily sample data The oxidation capacity (OC) of the bioreactor, when divided into functional zones with reticulate septa, increased both in the organic substrate and in ammonium nitrogen, without increasing the processing time and the intensity of aeration.
At the same time, the nitrogen oxidation-reduction capacity (ORC) of the bioreactor (characterizing the amount of reduced nitrogen from the oxidized one in the process of nitrification, taking into account its assimilation by microorganisms for growth purposes) increased 1.7 times.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Kai Gu, Ming Zhao, Chang Qing Ji, Xiao Zhong Lu, Xiao Min Sun
The reduction of the viscous activation energy with the increase of shear stress reflected PA6/MMT can be processed over a wider temperature.
Some important rheological data were obtained to direct the practical processing of spuning.
The data in Table 1 indicastes that the viscous activation energy of PA6/MMT was higher than the neat PA6.
The reduction of the viscous activation energy with the increase of shear stress showed a faded temperature-sensitivity of apparent viscosity,and therefore the PA6/MMT was stable over a wider temperature range at given stress.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Zhen Hong Yuan, Chang Hua Shang, Shun Ni Zhu, Zhong Ming Wang
For the biosynthesis of monovinyl chlorophyll, the reduction of the 8-vinyl group which is located on the B-ring of the macrocycle is essential. 3,8-Divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase (DVR) catalyzes the reduction of 8-vinyl group on the tetrapyrrole to an ethyl group, which is necessary for monovinyl chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis.
Among the variety of chlorophyll species, monovinyl chlorophyll a are most commonly utilized for the photochemistry in photosynthetic organisms. 3,8-Divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase (DVR) catalyzes the reduction of 8-vinyl group on the tetrapyrrole to an ethyl group, which is necessary for monovinyl chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis.
Conclusions In conclusion, our data show full-length DVR cDNA was cloned from Dunaliella parva, which includes 1326 bp coding region, 22 bp 5'-untranslated regions and 383 bp 3'-untranslated regions.
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