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Well known that for composite materials failure modes are: fibre breakage, matrix cracking, fibre/matrix debonding, and delamination/sliding.
Constitutive model Non-linear behaviour of composites materials occurs due to plasticity of the matrix and damage (degradation of the matrix, fibre/matrix deboding, and transverse cracking).
Comp Mater Science, Vol. 43 (1), (2008), pp. 137-145
Journal of Applied Mechanics, ASME, Vol. 64, (1997) pp. 106-110
Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 71, (2011) pp. 1068–1074

Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 62 (1996), p.61
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 63 (1997), p.248
Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 145 (2011), p.204
Beijing: University science and technology Beijing. 2010.
Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Vol. 31 (2009) No. 11, p. 1447.

Application of isotope tracer could be used to trace the material sources and reveal material circulation process.
Journal of Sichuan geology, Vol. 22 (1) (2002), p. 21-26
Beijing : Science Press(2003)
Beijing : Science Press(2002)
Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol.90(B10) (1985) , p. 8729-8741

Haga, Casting of Clad Strip by a Twin Roll Caster, Materials Science Forum, 794-796(2014)772-777
Watari, Roll casting of clad strip, Materials Science Forum, 706-709(2012)1152-1157
Watari, S.Kumai, Casting of aluminum alloy clad strip using a roll caster, Journal of Solid mechanics and materials engineering, 5(2011)1029-1041
Watari, Casting of clad strip by a roll caster, Materials Science Forum, 675-677(2011) 807-810
Watari, Clad strip casting by a twin roll caster, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 37(2009)117-124

Experimental Materials.
Chen: Materials & Design 25.
Adam: Materials & Design Vol. 18 (1997), p. 349
[6] Anuar, H., Wan Busu, W.N., Ahmad, S.H. and Rasid, R.: Journal of Composite Materials Vol. 42. (11) (2008), p. 1075
Faruk: Applied Composite Materials, Vol. 10, (2003), p. 365.

This will be a major benefit considering materials that can’t be deposited in a high-temperature environment [2].
Novel Materials Processing by Advanced Electromagnetic Energy Sources (2005): 427-432
Materials Surface Processing by Directed Energy Techniques.
Journal of Materials Science & Technology 31.1 (2015): 37-42
High Temperature Materials and Processes 40.1 (2021): 108-120

According to the related references [4], the wood material of Wenxing Lounge Bridge is Chinese fir and the strength and elastic modulus of the material could be decreased by a certain degree [5].
The degradation of wood material and effect of strong external force and unfavorable factors from environment or human accelerated the damages of bridge.
During the repair of Wenxing Lounge Bridge, the building technology and structural characteristics and material and using function and relevant codes should be combined to consider.
The research into the countermeasures of the protection and value-analysing of “legacy of the world”–the ancient lounge bridge in Taishun[J].Journal of Wenzhou University. 2005,18(4):34-38 [2] Zhang Jun.
Architectural Journal. 1995,20(11)：55-60 [5] Technical code for maintenance and strengthening of ancient timber buildings（GB50165-92）[S].

Initial materials properties were shown as Tab.1.
Tab.1 Original properties of materials Original materials Drawing strength/MPa Yield strength /MPa Prolong ratio/% AZ31 290 207 8 AZ80 300 220 18 Testing of Welding Properties Rupture appearance of welded blanks drawn test at 250℃ is shown as Fig.1.
Materials Review Vol.28 №8 (2006), p.114 [2] Song Gang, Liu Liming, Wang Peichong.
Materials Science and Engineering A Vol.429 №1-2 (2006),p.312 [3] G.Ben-Hamu, D.Eliezer, CE.Cross, etal.
Materials Science and Engineering A Vol.452-453 (2007),p.210 [4] Chi Ming-Sheng, Liu Li-Ming, Song Gang.

Rapeseed Oil Interesterification Reaction with Metylacetate in the Presence of BuOK/BuOH at Different Temperatures Valdis Kampars1,a*, Reinis Gravins1,b, and Kristine Lazdovica1,c 1Institute of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P.
Experimental Section Materials.
Materials for GC analysis – methyl heptadecanoate (95 %) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, 1,2,4-butanetriol (96 %) and MSTFA (N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide, 97 %) – from Alfa Aesar, tricaprin (>98 %) – from TCI Europe, heptane (>95 %), and dichloromethane (pure) from ROTH.
Kanakova, The structure, properties and transesterification catalytic activities of the calcium glyceroxide, Chemical Engineering Journal. 339 (2018) 303-316
Hameed, Kinetics and deactivation of a dual-site heterogeneous oxide catalyst during the transesterification of crude jatropha oil with methanol, Journal of Taibah University for Science. 10 (2016) 685-699.

Abstract: Measuring area of irregular shapes is essential for many applications in Geomatics engineering, Civil engineering, Agricultural sciences, and Medical sciences.
Introduction Measuring area of irregular shapes is essential for many applications in Geomatics engineering, Civil engineering, Agricultural sciences, and Medical sciences.
Graphical method Graphical method is a method which involves the use of a transparent overlay of a sheet of gridded tracing material (such as squared tracing paper), which is laid over the drawing or the plan.
Bodhe: Image Processing Method to Measure Sugarcane Leaf Area, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST) Vol. 3 No. 8, Pp. 6394-6400, (2011) [3] Eko Supriyanto, Nik M.