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Thirdly, they only study about the effects on surface temperature due to the properties of pavement materials (like albedo).
Material properties.
Material properties are shown in Table 1.
[5] Daochuan Zhou and Haitang Zhu: Journal of Functional Materials.
Constantinos: CIGR Journal.

Types of Plane13 and Plane42 are chosen to mesh PZT-5A and other materials in FEA model, respectively.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51175359).
Advanced Materials Research, 2013, 712-715: 1368-1371. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/ AMR.712-715.1368
International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 2012,5(5):333-337
Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development. 2008, 25(7): 8-11.

The displacement equation of motion satisfied the Navier equation as follows: (1) Where,were Lame constant of the material,was the density of material,was the time, was the displacement field.
Acknowledgement This work was supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51265044).
Materials Evaluation.2002,March:437-444 [2] Won-Bae Na,Tribikram Kundu,Mohammad R.Ehsani.
Journal of Applied Mechanics. 2001,68:67-75 [5] B.N.Pavlakovic.
Journal of materials in civil engineering.2003,15:212-218 [7] YAN ZhiXin,CAI HanCheng,WANG QunMin et.

Material And Methodology Ash is an amorphous solid, i.e., it is shapeless or non-crystalline solid.
Comparing the graph or peaks pattern from XRD analysis with the journal or other sources reveals the main chemical compositions of the obtained green pigment, which is illustrated in Figure 5.
Institute of Material Processing, Michigan Technologies University.
Volume 1 – Raw Materials and Their Usage; Oil and Colour Chemist’ Association, Australia; 1974, 1983
[10] Austrial Journal of Basic and Applied Science,5(5) : 990-997, 2011 ISSN 1991-8178 [11] Scar Jaime Restrepo Baena, Pigmento Azul Ultramar: Caracterización Del Proceso Y Producto, Universidad De Oviedo, Oviedo, España,1996

The result shows: the loose circle radius of this refuge chamber is about 1.7~2.0m；the surrounding rock of refuge room belongs to IV class with large loose circle, designs support parameters with anchor net spray built-up arch theory; the numerical analysis shows that the floor suffers from floor heave, so it needs to be set up with anti-arch structure and be filled with reinforcement material.
Due to serious deformation, the floor is equipped with anti-arch and reinforced with Ruichey Minova reinforcement material.
Meanwhile, both walls and the roof are filled with materials, which deform with the rock to guarantee the tightness in the chamber.
China Safety Science Journal, 2010, 20(4):155-158.
Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science), 2012, 31(2):189-192 [5] Oberhozer JW: Assessment of refuge bay designs in collieries [J].COL 115 SIMRAC Final Research Report, 1997, 1

Although plaster belonged to the first structural materials, they are still getting further enhancements.
Introduction Plasters are traditional building materials used as an upper cover layer of any construction.
Thermal parameters of the studied materials are given in Table 5.
Interlaboratory Comparison of Hygric Properties of Porous Building Materials.
Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science, 2004, Vol. 27, pp 307-325

Ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials provides an alternative energy production system.
Materials and methods Fig. 1 Pretreatment of lignocellulosic Corn straw and rice straw were purchased from a local farmer, dried in a forced-air oven at 108˚C for 12 h and milled in a hammer mill, passed through a 1.27 mm sieve.
Ranjan, et al.: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials Vol.122 (2009), p. 143-148 [4] B.
Saha: Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology Vol.30 (2003), p. 279-291 [5] R.
Cloete: Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology Vol.1 (2002), p. 105-114 [9] T.

The optical and electronic properties of perovskite materials have been studied intensively [7, 8].
Experimental Materials synthesis The synthesis of Au NPs doped TiO2 Nanoparticles has got with a method as follows: A citrate reduction method was employed for synthesizing Au NPs.
Advanced Functional Materials 2007, 17, 347-354
Materials Science (Medziagotyra) 2014, vol. 20, No.1
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 2014, 75, 775-781.

Experiment Raw Materials.
The Preparation of the Composite Materials.
When the percentage of polylactic acid was 63%, the reinforced materials and the matrix materials could be well combined, and the mechanical properties of composite materials were excellent.
Xue: Shandong Textile Science & Technology, Vol. 1 (2008), p. 9-11.
Wang: Journal of Zhej Sci-Tech University, Vol. 25( 2008), p. 252-254.

Overseas and Domestic Research Status There are multiple ways of measuring torque, for example, torque is measured by feelings of shaft deformation, such as the way of pasting strain gauges in the rotating shaft surface, coating magnetostrictive materials, placing piezoelectric crystal and so on; The torque is also can be acquires by measuring the phase of shaft two section with double section tooth ring, photosensitive materials, laser speckle optical methods.
Various types of torque sensors are designed, such as magnetic susceptibility, gas sensor, force sensor, thermal, optical, laser and other types, the torque sensor materials are from metal materials into semiconductor, ceramic, optical fiber and other.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT, 2005, 26 (7) : 692-695
Journal of Dalian University of Technology, 2005, 45 (4) : 557-561
Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2009, 30 (3) : 610-614