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MRE validate the finite element as an effective technique for measurement of rheological material properties.
Materials and Methods Theory Viscoelastic properties are often determined with steady state oscillation.
Acknowledgements The support of Iran National Science Foundation (INSF: Research Plan No. 86121346) is gratefully acknowledged.
Ehman : Magnetic resonance elastography by direct visualization of propagating acoustic strain waves, Science, vol. 269 (1995), p. 1854
An: A finite element model for analyzing shear wave propagation observed in magnetic resonance elastography, Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 38 (2005), p. 2198

The conference was organised by Department of Structural Mechanics, Institute of Structural Engineering, Civil Engineering Faculty, Technical University of Košice, Slovakia in cooperation with Slovak Society of Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava.
This special Issue of the Advanced Material Research Journal contains the selected papers presented in the topic of the conference on Structural and Physical Aspects of Civil Engineering.

Vertical form of north anchor foundation Calculation model and material model.
Journal of hydraulic engineering, 2003, 34(3): 55-62.
Water Science and Engineering, 2008, 1 (3): 65-72 [8] Hu Zhuxiu, Zhang Jianhai, Zhou Zhong, Rao Hongling.
Journal of hydraulic engineering, 2011, 42(2): 152-159.
China Civil Engineering Journal, 2006, 39(7): 81–87.

Saifuzzaman 4,d * Assistant Professor, Department of Art & Sciences, Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh ** Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh *** Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh **** Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Shanto Mariam University of Creative Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh Keywords: Renewable Energy, Suburban and Rural Economics, Biogas technology.
Sources of Biogas in Bangladesh Raw materials may be obtained from a variety of sources - livestock and poultry wastes, night soil, crop residues, food-processing and paper wastes, and materials such as aquatic weeds, water hyacinth, filamentous algae, and seaweed.
The unskilled women will collect raw materials (dung etc and supply to the plant.
The other operations in a biogas plant, like- screening of raw material, mixing (raw material ratio to water), loading and seeding of raw material require trainings which will be provided by the NGO’s.
References: [1] Afroz, Rafia; Keisuke Hanaki; and Kiyo Hasegawa-Kurisu (2009) Willingness to pay for waste management improvement in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 90, No. 1, pp. 492-503

Numerical Study on Laser Cladding of BT20 Alloy Qingming Changa,Jing Yuanb, Yinkai Yangc, Xia Chend, Changjun Chene and Siqian Baof Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China aqmchang@163.com, b282364597@qq.com, cnickealyang@vip.qq.com, ddmcad@126.com, echjchen2001@yahoo.com.cn, fbaosiqian@163.com Keywords: Laser cladding process, Marangoni force, Surface tension, Melt pool, BT20.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51074116 and 50801050), the National Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2009CDB258), Science Foundation of Aeronautics of China (No. 20095445001) and Key Laboratory for High Energy Density Beam Processing Technology (2009320) References [1] A.
Li, Computational Materials Science, Vol. 21 (2001), p.276 [4] J.F.
Stott, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 47 (2004), p.1159 [5] Q.Chang, C.Chenb, X.
Bao, Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 214 (2011), p.224

Under the VPG environment, the unit element meshes are determined for the entire vehicle CAD model, whereas the element types and material parameters, together with welding nodes, contacts and constraints are defined.
Element type, material and some parameters were defined in VPG.
Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 2000, 21 (3): 6-21
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2005 (2): 153-157

Finally pavement design suggestions composing of both the structural and material considerations were proposed.
Finally, design suggestions compose of both the structural and material considerations were proposed to reduce the potential cracking for new runway pavement.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the China Natural Science Foundation (51278518) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3250243201).
[3] Abu Siddique, Alamgir Mojibul Hoque: Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies Vol. 6(2005), p.39-54
[4] WANG Xian-yi, LIU Yu-hai, YUAN Jie: JOURNAL OF CIVIL AVIATION UNIVERSITY OF CHINA Vol.23(6)(2005), p.48-52 [5] M.

Nickel base alloy Inconel 718 has excellent fatigue resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and other characteristics, in the process, there is a large cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear is serious, serious high work hardening and machined surface quality on a range of issues, which belongs to the typical difficult-to-machine materials.
With the increase of feed per tooth, the friction force is increased, the regional Ni-based high-temperature alloy cutting temperature increases, the cutting area of the softening of materials, the cutting force is gradually reduced.
Based on the properties of nickel base superalloy, the cutting of metal material is removed change mechanism of adiabatic shear, metal material, material internal mutations slip, the cutting force only needs smaller can smoothly on the workpiece machining.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the national natural Science Found (Project No 51075128).
Computer Aided Cutting Process Parameter Selection for High Speed Milling, Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1996,61(1-3)：219-224

On Fig. 1, taken from [1], the car structure of a decade old model of Audi is presented, which is a combination of aluminium and steel materials.
In such situations temperature change cannot be neglected because connected materials have considerably different coefficient of thermal expansion.
The previous conclusion is derived after a comprehensive research of the available literature in the field of combining two different materials in general.
Bonding is recognized as suitable solution for shear connections between composite materials.
[2] Takuda H., Fujimoto H., Hatta N.: Formabilities of steel/aluminium alloy laminated composite sheets, Journal of Materials Science Vol 33, pp. 91-97, Chapman & Hall, 1998 [3] Sierraa G., Peyre P., Deschaux-Beaume F., Stuart D., Fras G.: Steel to aluminium key-hole laser welding, Materials Science and Engineering A 447, pp. 197–208, Elsevier Science Ltd, 2007

Materials studied include metals e.g.
It is now possible to perform such experiments with a large variety of materials.
Jessell: Journal Structural Geology Vol. 8 (1986) , p. 527 [3] V.G.
Shvindlerman: Materials Science Forum Vol. 294 (1999), p. 517 [4] F.J.
Ferry: Material Science Forum Vol. 218 (1996), p. 529 [5] G.G.E.