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Function of biological material refers to the activity of biological materials affect biochemical or physiological process, which composed by the materials and the active components is carried by the materials.
Summary of functional biomaterials Biological materials.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2001, 221(1-2):1-22
Collagen: Materials Analysis and Implant Uses.
Applied Surface Science, 2009, 255(19):158286-8292.

References [1] ISO 4063:2009 – Welding and allied processes – Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers [2] Investigations on structure–property relationships of activated flux TIG weldments of super-duplex - austenitic stainless steels, Materials Science & Enginnering A, K.
[6] Weldability of a 2205 duplex stainless steel using plasma arc welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, A.
[7] International Engineer Course, Module 2, Materials and their welding behavior – G.
[10] Rules for the classfication of Ships, Part D – Materials and Welding, RINA, 2016
[11] ISO 6947:2011 – Welding and allied processes – Welding positions [12] EN 1011-1:2009 – Welding – Recommendations for welding of metallic materials – Part 1: General Guidance for arc welding [13] ISO 4136:2012 – Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials – Transverse tensile test [14] ISO 5173:2009 – Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials – Bend test [15] EN ISO 9016 – Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials – Impact tests – Test specimen location, notch orientation and examination [16] EN ISO 6507-1:2006 – Metallic materials – Vickers hardness test – Part 1: Test method

Editorial Increasing demand for micro-products in various industries has led to rapid advancement of technologies in materials, manufacturing processes, machines, tools and fixtures, as well as measurement and instrumentations.
This special issue of the Journal of Applied Mechanics and Materials is devoted to a selection of papers from those presented at the 2 nd International Forum on Micro Manufacturing (IFMM2012).
IFMM2012 was hosted by the Guangzhou Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Advanced Technology and the South China University of Technology, and was held in Dec. 17 and 18 in Guangzhou, China.
Tatsuhiko Aizawa, entitled "Micro-texturing onto amorphous carbon materials as a mold-die for micro-forming," investigated micro-forming techniques of imprinting micro-textures onto two types of amorphous carbon mold-die materials, and duplicating those micro-patterns onto metallic and polymer sheets.

Based on this fact, reinforcement start to use durable composite materials, such as technical textiles made of them.
Materials Composite reinforcements used in this experiment were made from roving in matrix of epoxy resin.
A perfect bond was discovered between materials, HPC and composite reinforcement.
Hamelin, Contribution to direct tensile testing of textile reinforced concrete (TRC) composites, Materials Science and Engineering A 528 (2011) 8589-8598
Šejnoha, Homogenization of plain weave composites with imperfect microstructure, part II. analysis of real-world materials, Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering 11 (5) (2013) 443-462

This is particular when fabrication involves the use of thin section sheet materials typically in aerospace industries.
These sheet materials are not inherently stiff enough to resist the contraction forces induced by welding.
This feature has imposed limitation on the design components made in sheet materials and restricted some of fusion welding technique in advanced industries.
Welding Journal,Vol.76(1997), 451-457
Low stress No-Distortion (LSND)welding a new technique for thin materials.

These materials are frequently used because of their high field effect mobility and work function [3].
However, for same semiconductor and dielectric materials, contact resistance and mobility are better in staggered structured devices [13].
Bao: Advanced Materials Vol. 22 (2010), p. 65-655 [2] C.D.
Malenfant: Advanced Materials Vol. 14 (2002), p.99-117 [3] Dipti Gupta, M.
Jamal Deen,: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B Vol. 24 (4) (2006), p. 1728-1733 [11] C.H.

Moreover, and are the material fluid parameters
Alsaedi, MHD flow of Eyring-Powell liquid in convectively curved configuration, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 40 (2018) 159, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-1071-2
International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 109 (2016) 159-171
International Journal of Nanoscience, 13(3) (2014) 1450019(12pages)
Khan, Effects of slip condition and Newtonian heating on MHD flow of Casson fluid over a nonlinearly stretching sheet saturated in a porous medium, Journal of King Saud University - Science 29 (2017) 250–259 [31] I.

Introduction All ceramic materials are becoming widely used for fixed dental restorations due to their high aesthetics and biocompatibility.
This method is used to manufacture high accuracy components of difficult to process metallic materials [7, 8] 3D model design is sliced in thin layers, depending of machine, material, laser power and piece to be obtained.
Chemical compositions of the samples made by metallic materials.
These shortcomings and the lack of spread in clinical practice of additive manufacturing are in part caused by the lack of AM-specific standardization, both for materials used, for process itself and also for the final product.
Waddell, Additive technology:update on current materials and applications in dentistry, Journal of Prosthodontics, 00 (2016) 1-8 [7] G.C.

However, with the increase in the cost of ITO films , researchers have been searching for new materials to use as TCO films .Transparent and conductive aluminum-doped zinc oxide films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperatures.
Introduction Recently zinc oxide (ZnO) films have been widely studied because of their potential practical applications as transparent electrodes, window materials in displays, solar cells, and various optoelectronic devices. [1-3] At present, indium tin oxide (ITO) films are generally used as transparent electrodes in practical applicationsbecause of their low resistivity, on the order of 10 -4 Ω•cm, and stable electrical, optical and mechanical properties.
However, ITO is a relatively expensive material because indium is not abundant.
Granqvist, Thin Solid Films (1990) 730, pp.193-194 [5] B.S Kim, S.K Kim and Y.S Kim, submitted to Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, Vol. 43, No. 9 (2006), pp. 532-536 [6] D.H Kim, R.I.
Kim, Advanced Materials Research Vols. 97-101 (2010) pp 1768-1771 [7] F.C.M.

Interface properties of Au/CdZnTe formed by different method Kai-Feng Qina, Lin-Jun Wang*b, Ji-Jun Zhangc, Jia-hua Mind, Xiao-Yan Liange, Jian Huangf, Ke Tangg and Yi-Ben Xiah School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China aqinkaifeng@shu.edu.cn; bljwang@shu.edu.cn; czhangjijun222@shu.edu.cn; dminjiahua@staff.shu.edu.cn; eliangxiaoyan@shu.edu.cn; fjianhuang@ shu.edu.cn; gtangke26@yahoo.com.cn; hybxia@ shu.edu.cn Keywords: CdZnTe; interfacial properties; contact Abstract.
Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No 10175040, the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee under grant No 03DZ11006, Shanghai Leading Discipline T0101 and the K.C.Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong for providing financial support for this work.
Sang et al.: Rare Metal Materials and Engineering Vol. 6 (2009), p. 2085
Min et al.: Semiconductor Science and Technology Vol. 37 (2002), p. 17
Shi, et al.: Journal of Crystal Growth Vol. 61 (2000), p. 214.