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Online since: September 2012
Authors: De Qing Gan, Chen Chao, Ling Qi Zhu, Hong Jian Lu, Ya Bin Zhang
Experimental Data Statistics.Air leakage experiments carried out a total of seven experiments tested different grain size ratio, the amount of air leakage in the different thickness of the overburden case, different experimental grain size ratio of porosity shown in Table 1.
With the cover layer thickness increases, the graphics decreased exponentially, but the rate of decline and porosity have a great relationship with the reduction of porosity, the curves decline faster, indicating that with the cover layer of dense increase air leakage drag and rapid increase of leakage intensity is gradually reduced, making the mine the amount of air leakage gradually decreased, so as to achieve the purpose of control of mine air leakage.
Therefore, with the reduction of the porosity, the minimum required cover thickness is gradually thinned.
Table2 Cover the void ratio & average wind speed with conditions of thickness & air leakage Porosity Air leakage wind speed (m / s) Overburden Thickness (m) 20 30 40 50 0.214 1.12*10-1 9.67 *10-2 5.33*10-2 1.63*10-2 0.237 1.13*10-1 9.72 *10-2 5.34*10-2 1.66*10-2 0.280 1.15 *10-1 9.75 *10-2 5.36*10-2 1.67*10-2 0.318 1.18 *10-1 9.76 *10-2 5.39*10-2 1.73*10-2 0.359 1.20 *10-1 9.79 *10-2 5.41*10-2 1.76*10-2 0.385 1.24 *10-1 9.83 *10-2 5.46*10-2 1.82*10-2 Form data, the porosity of the overburden and air leakage wind speed.
Starting from the point of view to prevent air leakage, leak-proof wind cover layer thickness is reduced with the reduction of porosity data fitting calculation, the lower porosity, the smaller the cover layer thickness.
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Tao Zhang, Rui Zhang, Yue Jun Liu, Cheng Yang
According to actual transmission behavior of the channel environment over low voltage power line, M-ary Quantum Evolutionary Algorithm (MQEA) is proposed to allocate bit and power on different sub-carrier channel, which maximizes the total data rate of the system in a downlink transmission with a total power and bit-error rate(BER) constraints.
Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieve a higher data rate.
Assuming that limited power is for a certain user, to maximize transmission data rate the problem of bit and power allocation in sub-carriers can be formulated as: (3) s.t
(7) The process of the unfeasible solution rectification can be described as follows: Step1: Calculate the amount of power reduction in the each non-zero allocated bit sub-carrier when the number of bits is changed from to , i.e
(8) Step2: Select the sub-carrier which has the largest power reduction in the all sub-carriers.
Online since: May 2005
Authors: R. Kopp, C. Wiedner, A. Meyer
This condition leads to the admissable height reduction.
Subsequently, a data file for simulation was exported
� This data file has been modified by a program written at the IBF.
For the conducted simulations only the material data of the highest and the smallest blank thickness were known.
Fig. 9 shows in the right picture a blank with different thicknesses and material data before and after the deep drawing process [15].
Online since: September 2005
Authors: José L. Zapico, María P. González
A simplified finite element model is used to obtain the data needed for training the nets.
Influence of the Modal Data Errors.
This constituted the reference database, which contain 30,000 independent sets of data.
The data used for training the MLPs is obtained from a simplified FE model.
A statistical analysis shows that the method is quite sensitive to the modal data errors.
Online since: November 2025
Authors: Atif Shazad, Muhammad Muzamil, Shehzaib Yousuf Khan, Jawwad Ali, Shees Adil, Areeba Latif
An analysis of the data shows a 23% reduction in percent elongation when the tool feed rate was set at 300 mm/min, in comparison with the base material.
Similarly, a degradation of 42.3% in percent elongation was noted at 350 mm/min, 57.7% reduction at 400 mm/min, and a substantial 70.7% reduction at 450 mm/min following FSW.
Ductility decreases as feed rate increases, with a 70.7% reduction at 450 mm/min.
Soaking duration impacts UTS, with reductions up to 3.3% after 18-hour aging.
Ductility declines markedly post-aging, reaching a 55% reduction at 450 mm/min.
Online since: February 2019
Authors: Denis Rinatovich Salikhyanov, Vladimir P. Volkov, Aziret A. Shamshiev, Ivan S. Kamantsev
As a result, it is possible to improve significantly the metal structure at the same values of the forge reduction.
It is shown that the accumulated degree of shear deformation, as well as the uniformity of its distribution, is higher for the new method with the same reduction values.
The reduction per pass was equal to 0.21, where h0 and h1 are the initial and final height of the billet.
This circumstance must be taken into account when developing the technological process by calculating the metal damage ω by the formula where a and Λr are the empirical data of the materials, Λ is the measurement data of the accumulated degree of shear deformation from computer or mathematical simulation [21].
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Shuang Zhou Guo
Introduction In recent years, some data intensive application has been well known, in which data is generated very fast, and may vary with and even-is impossible to predict[1].
It has been already known that the traditional processing data set algorithm is not suitable for data flow application system, because it does not support continuous query.
optimization algorithm module design The current data flow systems have the following notable features [3]: (1)There is a lot of inquires in DS system, and the system should inquires concerned about the data immediately
(4) The efficiency of the data flow system is not only related with the rate of input data, and is still connected with the number of operators in the system, and the actual number of inquires.
The speed of data generation by data sources: when the speed is too high, it may be beyond the handling ability of the system, resulting in the tuple accumulation, the incensement of the system memory consumption, and the reduction of performance.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Yu Qin Liu, Jian Yun Shen, Qiang Yue, Xi Zhe Wang, Ding Chun Wang, Mao You Chu
Good combinations of strength, ductility and fracture toughness, with the values of tensile strength Rm > 1200 MPa, elongation A > 10%, reduction of area Z > 20% and fracture toughness KIC ≈ 80 MPa·m1/2, were achieved for the Ti-63 alloy after optimized heat treatment process.
It could be seen that the predicted Tb agree well with the experimental data.
Mechanical properties of Ti-63 alloy at room temperature Heat treatment process Rm [MPa] Rp0.2 [MPa] A [%] Z [%] KIC [MPa×m1/2] 890°C/1h, AC+540°C/8h, AC 1315 1210 12 35 45 930°C/1h, AC 1212 1084 11 25 81 930°C /1h, AC+640°C /4h, AC 1233 1154 12 28 79 Note: Rm: tensile strength; Rp0.2: yield strength; A: elongation; Z: reduction of area; KIC: fracture toughness.
Good combinations of strength, ductility and fracture toughness were achieved for the Ti-63 alloy with the values of tensile strength Rm > 1200 MPa, elongation A > 10%, reduction of area Z > 20% and fracture toughness KIC ≈ 80 MPa·m1/2.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Bartosz Koczurkiewicz, Henryk Dyja, Marcin Kwapisz, Anna Kawałek, Marcin Knapiński
The preliminary calculations showed that the use of X100 high pressure pipelines instead of X80 leads to costs reduction by about 7%, however when comparing grades X70 and X100 the cost effectiveness may reach even 30%.
The summary cost reduction of the investment does not follow directly from the use of higher strength steel.
Pipe size Rt0.5 MPa Rm MPa Rt0.5/Rm - A5 % CVN (20oC), J DWTT oC 1 30”x19.1mm 739 792 0.93 18.4 235 -15 2 30”x15.9 755 820 0.92 17.1 240 -25 3 56”x19.1mm 737 800 0.92 18 200 -20 4 36”x16.0mm 752 816 0.92 18 270 -50 It follows from the data presented in Table 3 that for the chemical compositions the use of proper thermo-mechanical treatment and accelerated cooling after rolling enabled to get the right strength parameters.
On the basis of the data presented in technical literature at the beginning of the research three chemical compositions were selected which are currently being tested regarding their suitability for rolling in order to obtain the strength parameters required by grades X80-X100.
Scheme of deformations and temperatures applied in the simulation of rolling Operation Defor- mation Defor-mation rate Time of operation / between operations Temperature variant I p1,p2,p3,p4 Temperature variant II p5,p6,p7,p8 Temperature variant III p9,p10,p11,p12 - 1/s s oC oC oC Reheating - - 118 / - 1180 Heating - - 300 / - 1180 Cooling - - 260 / - 1050 Reduction 1 0.16 1.75 - / 40 1030 Reduction 2 0.16 1.75 - / 60 1000 Cooling - - 180 / - 838 818 798 Reduction 3 0.1 5 - / 5 838 818 798 Reduction 4 0.1 5 - / 7 834 814 794 Reduction 5 0.1 5 - / 9 829 809 789 Reduction 6 0.1 5 - / 11 821 801 781 Reduction 7 0.1 5 - / 14 811 791 771 Reduction 8 0.1 5 - / 17 800 780 760 After the end of a series of deformations the material was cooled according to four different schemes.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: John W. Palmour, Mrinal K. Das, Joseph J. Sumakeris, Brett A. Hull, Jim Richmond
Histogram of VF drift for all fabricated die, separated into KOH Etch, Hex Etch, or no BPD reduction processes.
Regardless, the benefits of either method of BPD density reduction is clear from Fig. 2.
Further reductions in charge storage are required beyond what gains have been made by reducing the injection layer doping.
The diodes with p-injection layer doping of 1 x 1018 and 1 x 1017 cm-3 have also been added to Fig. 6 for reference, along with trend lines based on the data for the diodes with an injection layer doping of 8 x 10 18 cm-3.
Based on these data and trend line assumptions, if an injection layer doping of 1 x 10 17 cm -3 is employed and the n - drift layer thickness is reduced to 90 µm, we may be able to achieve a reverse recovery charge of less than 1 µC.
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