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Therefore, in order to prevent cracks, attention should be paid on the surface of the insulation measures during the fluctuation of air temperature, and before the arrival of large fluctuating; appropriate materials for surface insulation should be selected according to fluctuating magnitude
Acknowledgements The author acknowledges the support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.50909105), Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program(Grant Nos.2008BAB29B05) and Governmental public industry research special funds for projects(Grant Nos.200801007) References [1] G.
Finite element simulation of thermal cracking in massive hardening concrete elements using degree of hydration based material laws [J].
Journal of Hohai University, 2002, 30(5): 12-16.
Journal of Hohai University, 2002, 30(5):48-52.

Thus, high performance steel materials is needed to fulfill the requirement of machinery industries, such as to develop high strength steel, the 550MPa grade high strength steel for example, to replace the conventional commercial steel Grade 345MPa.
Tensile fractured in the base material and strength of the welding joint is 730 MPa in average which is almost the same as those of the base material.
An average weight reduction of the parts in one machine applying the new material achieves 10%.
Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2009, 30(2): 200-204
Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science), 2009, 30(2): 1421-1424 [4] He Xinlai, Shang Chengjia.

The shear stress in the interfaces of different materials of the bridge pavement and the interface between the pavement and the steel bridge deck is studied.
Fig. 2 Finite element mesh of study domain For the simplicity in the simulation and guaranteeing the reliability of the simulation results, we introduce the following assumptions: The deformation of the bridge pavement and the deck is linear elastic, The courses of bridge pavement and the deck are isotropic and homogeneous in their material properties, respectively, There is not any fracture in the interfaces between different material domains.
The material properties employed in the present study are given in Table 1, in which the Young’s modulus of the steel fiber concrete,C40 is obtained with the steel fiber content of 70 kg/m3 and the conversion body ratio of 1.0%.
Acknowledgments The financial supports by Doctoral Discipline Scientific Research Foundation of China Institution of the Higher Learning (Grant No. 20080732002), National Natural Science foundation of China (GrantNo.50678076), Natural Science Foundation of China Gansu Province (Grant No. 0710RJZA050), and Youth Research Foundation of Northwest University for Nationalities (Grant No.
Hassan, A.A El Halim: Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 28(3) (2001), p. 541-544 [2] Huang W., Liu Z.: China Civil Engineering Journal, Vol 38(1) (2005), p51-53（in Chinese） [3] Zhu B.: The Finite Element Method Theory and Applications (China WaterPower Press, Beijing 1998) （in Chinese） [4] Huang C., etc: Fiber Concrete Structures (China machine press, Beijing 2004) （in Chinese） [5] Technical Standard of Highway Engineering (China people communications publication, Beijing 2003) （in Chinese）

Bernstein, The Journal of Chemical Physics 55 (1971), p. 3206
Taga, Science 293 (2001), p. 269
[14] Xiaohui Yu, Changsheng Li, Hua Tang, Yun Ling, Ting-Ao Tang, Qiong Wu, Junjie Kong, Computational Materials Science 49 (2010), p. 430
Rohrer, Structure and Bonding in Crystalline Materials, Cambridge University Press, 2001
Bagayoko, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 50 (2011), p. 101103

Pardal, Quality of Electroless Ni-P (Nickel-Phosphorus) Coatings Applied in Oil Production Equipment with Salinity, Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering (2013) 1-8
Istrate, Preparation and characterisation of electroless Ni-P-Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings, Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, Vol. 10, No. 3 (2015) 1055 – 1065
Kavimani, An Overall Aspect of Electroless Ni-P Depositions—A Review Article, Metallurgical And Materials Transactions A, Vol. 37A, (2006) 1917-1925 [8] M.
Metallurgy and Materials Science, nr. 4 (2014) 5-10.

Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore - 560 054, India 3Centre for Advanced Materials Research, Tumkur University, Tumkur - 572 103, India. 4Department of Physics, Bangalore University, Jnanabharathi, Bangalore-560 056, India. 5Solid State Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Banalore-560 012.
India. 6Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India. 7Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CSIR), Kolkata-700 0 03, India. 8Department of Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore-570 006, India.
[3] A.K.M Akther Hossain etal, Magnetoresistive properties of ZnCoFe ferrites, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320 (2008), 1157-1162
[4] Qiaoling Li etal, Preparation and magnetic properties of ZnFe2O4 nanofibers by coprecipitation-air oxidation method, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 124(2010) 891-893
[9] M.Younas etal, Metal-Semiconductor transition in NiFe2O4 nanoparticles due to reverse cationic distribution of impedance spectroscopy, Journal of Applied Physics, 109 (2011)093704

Effect of Thermal Treatment on Thermal Properties, Surface Chemistry, Crystalline Structure and Methylene Blue Removal of Polyvinyl Alcohol/TiO2 Nanocomposite Films Sirinan Ratchawong1,a, Sirirat Wacharawichanant1,b*, Siriporn Tanodekaew2,c 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand 2National Metal and Materials Technology Center, 114 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand asirinan_sr@hotmail.com, bwacharawichanan_s@silpakorn.edu, csiriporn@mtec.or.th Keywords: Polyvinyl Alcohol, Nanocomposites, Titanium Dioxide, Thermal Treatment, Surfactant Abstract.
Experimental 2.1 Materials PVA (a molecular weight range of 77,000 ˗ 82,000 g/mol) and MB in a form of dark blue powder were produced by Ajax Finechem, Australia.
Akil: International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials Vol. 9 (2016), p. 17 [6] C.
Hägg: Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Vol. 39 (2014), p. 6805 [8] S.

Add the mechanical, material and other physical properties to form your model particles.
Add the mechanical, material and other kinetics properties to form your model.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (11002062).
Journal of Applied Mechanics, Volume 71(1949) [9] Xuejun Wang, Yilin Chi, The research of the numerical simulation on the granular ballast bed tamping.Advanced Materials Research Vols. 479-481 in 2012 [10] WanMing Zhai, JianHui Lin, KaiYun Wang.
Vibration engineering journal, 2003 04 period.In Chinese

In order to maintain the safety of the high-speed railway system, many investigations and experiments have been carried out, and many improvements have been made in material, manufacturing, heat treatment and design method [1].
Table 1 Axle parameters Name Axle length Journal diameter Journal center distance Body axle diameter Motor train axle 2298mm F130mm 1966mm 182mm A 3D geometric model of wheel set is established by using the software of Pro/E.
Goodman fatigue empirical formula is used to convert, as follows: , (1) where is the stress amplitude, andis material tensile strength.
According to calculations of axle strength materials provided by the manufacturer of the book, the fatigue limit on the edge of the axle press-fit part is obtained, the value of which is 147MPa.
Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press, 2002:33-37, [in Chinese].

The raw materials used in SAC asphalt concrete 1) Mineral powder The mineral powder used in the SAC asphalt concrete can be the limestone fine ore and mountain flour in stone chips.
In general, all the above raw materials need careful screening at the time of entry, and their variability should also be strict controlled and be piled up in classification.
The implementation of these measures can do effective guarantee for the performance of raw materials.
Science and technology information. 2011 (3) : 121 [2] LiMin.
Science and technology Information Journal of China. 2006 (5) : 164