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Considering the initial geometric imperfections and material nonlinear, without considering the effects of residual stress and the increase of the yield strength at the angle.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (51008200), Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University (LJQ2011059) and Program for Shenyang Science and Technology (F12-277-1-31).
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I) Types of Box Culverts 1) According to the Classification by Materials 1.1) Aluminum 1.2) Timber 1.3) Concrete 1.4) High-density Polyethylene 1.5) Plastic 1.6) Steel 2) According to the Classification by Shape 2.1) Box culvert 2.2) Bridge culvert 2.3) Pipe arch culvert 2.4) Pipe culvert 2.5) Arch culvert 3) According to the Classification by Loading 3.1) Type 2-CLASS-20 3.2) Type 3-CLASS-27 3.2) Type (2-S1)-CLASS-33 3.2) Type (2-2)-CLASS-46 3.2) Type (3-S2)-CLASS-47 Cases to Be Solved & Parameters Used For this work, a total of ten cases are taken for analysis.
M., (2008), Optimum safe hydraulic design of culverts, Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol.12, Issue-1, p.p.66-88. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?
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Shreedhar (2013)," Design coefficients for single and two cell box culvert" International journal of civil & structural engineering, ISSN no.0976-4399, Vol.03, Issue-03, p.p. 475-494. www.ipublishing.co.in/ijcserarticles/...
Chauhan, Gunvant Solanki, Minu Tressa (2017), " Analysis & design of box-type multi-barrel skew culvert " International journal of advanced engineering & research, ISSN no.

Nanostructured powder materials, or powders with increased amorphous ratio, can potentially lead to increased productivity during powder bed fusion, due to the hypothesis that nanostructured raw materials can be layer-sintered with lower specific energy, and consequently lower processing times when compared to commercial powders.
Sintering of such materials can potentially be done faster, as compared to conventional powders.
Through mechanical milling processes, nano-crystalline materials can be obtained with relatively simple equipment at a low-cost.
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Thus, these emerging materials have potential applications in biomimetic devices.
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Some houses had too high story height, which increased the heat loss in winter and wasted the materials, and the unreasonable energy structure, less use of clean energy and so on.
The reasons of poor indoor thermal environment In the medium of 1980, although the local villagers generally realized that the thermal insulation property of raw earth wall was far superior to that of brick wall, but the materials of wall of local houses changed from raw earth to solid clay brick with the rapidly development of building construction technology and new building materials along with the increasing of economical level and transforming Philosophy.The exterior brick wall didn’t take any heat insulation measures instead of bare brick wall, without finish materials protection, it is possible to increase the cold air infiltration and wall heat transfer in winter.
Acknowledgements The work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 50978210 and 50921005) and Education Department of Henan Province Natural Science Research Project (Project No. 2010B560007 and 072102360036).
Journal of Xi′an University of Architecture & Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2009, (12)：841-845 (in Chinese) [2] Wenfang He, Liu Yang, Jiaping Liu, et al.
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Both materials were tested at same strain rates of 0.0003 and 0.001 s-1.
UTS of longitudinal and transverse directions are about the same for both materials from all testing conditions.
Ridley, “Post-forming tensile properties of superplastic Ti–6Al–4V alloy”, Materials Science and Technology 3, no. 6 (1987) 455-461
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Analysis of the reasons shows that under the optimum concentration of the explosion,methane almost completely react with oxygen.The rising ambient temperature on the one hand increases the internal energy of molecule,speeds the rate of molecular motion, increases the probability of collision between the molecules and accelerates the rate of explosion reaction;on the other hand,according to the gas state equation,the explosion in the volume container and ambient pressure remains unchanged, as the ambient temperature rises, the reaction will reduce the amount of methane-air mixture within the container material, thus affects the final explosion pressure changes. 3.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51274238，51374235) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2013M531940).
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