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Design and Modeling of an Isolation Step-down Transformer by Piezoelectric Material Chen-Yao Liua and Kuo-Bin Liub National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan acyl@nsrrc.org.tw, bkbl@nsrrc.org.tw Keywords: Piezo, Resonant, Simulation Model, PWM.
Manufacture and Testing According to the physical characteristics of the piezo material, we made a prototype of a step-down piezo transformer; figure 1 shows its fundamental structure.
Isolation Material Fig 1, Prototype of the step-down piezo transformer.
According to the material reports and papers, the Qm value of a piezo transformer is large, but the resonant region is narrow.
[4] George Chryssis: High-Frequency Switching Power Supply Theory and Design, McGraw-Hill, second edition. (1989) [5] http://www.hp.com/go/components [6] Optoelectronics Designer’s Catalog, Hewlett-Packard Co., USA. (1996) [7] Chen-Yao Liu, Kuo-Bin Liu, Din-Goa Huang: Design of a Power Transformer for a LLC Resonant Power Converter, Advanced Material Research, Vol. 740, pp 823~829. (2013) [8] Chen-Yao Liu, Jhao-Cyuan Huang, Din-Goa Huang: Optimal design for a resonant power transformer”, Third International Particle Accelerator Conference, New Orleans Louisiana, USA. (2012) [9] Chen-Yao Liu, Yong-Seng Wong: Design and implementation of the LLC resonant transformer, Second International Particle Accelerator Conference, San Sebastian, Spain. (2011) [10] Yao-Ching Hsieh, Wei-Guang Chen, Chen-Yao Liu: Charge-Equalization Circuit for Series-Connected Batteries with Quasi-resonant Flyback Converters, EPE Journal, Volume 20, N°3, September, 2010, pp 34~39

Assuming the trajectory of the moving platform as Circle trajectory :, Line trajectory: (7) Assuming the material of both the link and the moving platform is the aluminum alloy, Young’s modulus E=7.1×105MPa，Material density ρ=2712kg/m3, the cross section width and height of the link d=0.04m, h=0.01m, the thickness of the moving platform c= 0.0035m, L1 = 0.245m, L2 =0.242m, L3 = 0.108m, L4 = 0.4m, the lumped mass of the joint m = 0.15kg.
Table 1 The active torque (circle trajectory) Table 2 The active torque (line trajectory) M1=0.14kg M2=1.14kg Max 14.11 18.68 4.66 25.26 32.6 7.47 Min 0.02 0.21 0.05 0.4 0.27 0.37 Mean 8.64 11.32 2.7 14.66 19.73 4.68 Table 3 Energy consumption (circle trajectory) M1=0.14kg M2=1.14kg Max 8.42 38.91 16.69 17.65 66.04 23.07 Min 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mean 5.0 23.97 10.22 10.52 40.48 13.99 Table 4 Energy consumption (line trajectory) M1=0.14kg M2=1.14kg 4.84 8.29 6.32 11.25 1.98 3.68 M1=0.14kg M2=1.14kg 0.24 0.51 3.05 5.15 1.12 1.53 Acknowledgement This research was supported by the National Science Foundation for distinguished young scholars of China (Grant No. 50825504), the United Fund of Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangdong province
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, 2009, 45(5) : 220-224 [7] Liu Shanzeng, Yu Yueqing, Lv Guoling,Yang Jianxin, Su Liyi, Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis of a Three-degree-of-freedomParallel Manipulator[J].
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, 2009, 45(8): 11-17 [8] B.S.

This material has a flash point of over 650◦F and is cosmetically inert, completely nontoxic, and thermally stable.
The parameter a characterizes the nonlinearity degree of the damper, which depends on the structure and the elastomer material.
MSV201302) and Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (No.13ZR1411200).
International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 2006, 83(9): 672-685
Journal of Vibration can shock, 2012, 31(5):158-160,182

At present, biochar was mainly used as raw material for combustion or soil amendment [4].
The biochar, produced from fast pyrolysis of lauan in a fluidized bed reactor was used as the raw material.
Acknowledgement The authors appreciate financial support granted from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51106145) and the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (2011DFR60190) References [1] A.V.
Bridgwater: Chemical Engineering Journal.
Zhou: Journal of Hydrogen Energy.

The Vibration Test Scheme based on PVDF piezoelectric film sensors  PVDF piezoelectric thin films PVDF is polyvinylidene fluoride and it is a kind of new high molecular polymer sensitive material[7]. 
The material of the shell is iron. 
With the rapid development of science and technology, industrial and agricultural production and national defense construction, it is necessary to monitor the lots of engineering vibration problems.
IEEE Systems Journal, 2008, 2 (2),p.273-288
Journal of Changzhou Institute of Light Industry Technology(2006).

Materials: Cotton/polyester cloth, the specifications are: Warp yarn: 58.3tex (OE) + 83.3tex (OE) + 97tex (OE), Weft yarn: 20D/40D polyester/spandex, weave: 2/1 twill.
Acknowledgment This work is supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (S2011010003698).
Journal of Textile Research, Vol. 33 ,No.4, p.82 [6] Bemlel Alexandra D, Bugner D E: J.
Journal of imaging science and technology, Vol.43(1999) p.320

Methodologies in the context of software engineering referred to “a codified set of recommended practices, sometimes accompanied by training materials, formal educational programs, worksheets, and diagramming tools.
Finally, "criteria and specifications" exist as a category of knowledge only in engineering and not in science.
In science, the aim is to understand: scientists do not need to have highly specified or concrete objectives.
Lehman, “On Understanding Laws, Evolution, and Conservation in the Large-Program Life Cycle,” Journal of Systems and Software, vol.1p. 213-221. 1980
Mills, “The management of software engineering: Part I: Principles of software engineering,” IBM Systems Journal.

Moreover, the tool's length involved in cutting is not constant in flank milling, which results in the changes of the material removal rate.
Then the velocity of points along the tool axis and the scanning area of the tool in unit time to describe the material removal rate of flank milling are deduced.
Acknowledgement The authors acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50875171) and the National High Technology Research and Development Program("863"Program) of China (No. 2009AA04Z150).
Altintas: Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol.130 (2008), p.339
Wang: Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Vol.42 (2008), p.235

Finite Element Model In order to ease the modeling and calculating, simplifying the drill string-bit system reasonably and making following assumption: 1, material characteristic of drill string is elastic, homogeneous and isotropic.2, neglecting the influence of drilling fluid and mud.3, the section of wellbore keeps circular and neglect the extension of wellbore.4, treating drill string and wellbore wall as one system.
Beam 188 ignores any real constant data and can receive properties such as density and damping in material properties section.
Chen: Journal of Petrochemical University, Vol. 24 (2011) No.4, p.55 [5] X.
Chen: Advanced Science Letters, Vol. 16 (2012) No.9, p.13 [6] W.
Rashed: Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 6 (2011) No.1, p.64

Materials and methods The study site was located on the north slope of the Yinshan Mountain Range, Damao County, Baotou city, Inner Mongolia, north China (latitude 41°20′N and longitude 111°12′E, 1600 m in elevation).
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Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 9 (2004), p. 1662–1666
Pratacultural Science, Vol. 198 (2010), p. 42–46
Australian Journal of Expert and Agriculture, Vol. 5 (2003), p. 4861-4874.