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We also attribute this reduction of SF due to the surface etching prior to the drift layer growth.
Basal plane dislocation reduction is observed with a reduction in the interruption temperature (left).
SIMS data indicates etching takes place during the interruption step (Fig. 4).
Interruption at a higher temperature (Experiment-1 in Fig. 2), did not show significant reduction in BPD.
However, when the temperature was lowered further (Experiment-2, Fig.2), a significant reduction in BPD was observed.

Electrocatalytical reduction of CO2; Recycling utilization of CO2.
Our aim is to provide the basic data for fundamental research of CO2 electrochemical reduction.
In previous work, many researcher selected Ag electrode as the cathode for CO2 electrochemical reduction to suppress hydrogen evolution and improve the Faradaic efficiency of CO2 reduction.
The increase of the current density is attributed to the reduction of CO2.
Anagnostopoulos, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 at Cu + Au electrodes, J.

In order to get better PAPR reduction performance, we propose a new PAPR reduction algorithm based on parametric minimum cross entropy(PMCE).
PAPR Reduction Using Hexagonal Constellation And Parametric Minimum Cross Entropy (PMCE) Algorithm Let us denote the data block of length as a vector , where is the number of subcarriers.
For each data block, denote the number and index set of subcarriers where constellation points have two representations in hexagonal constellations as and respectively, where .
Comparison of PAPR reduction by different methods.
In order to get better PAPR reduction performance, we propose a new PAPR reduction algorithm based on parametric minimum cross entropy (PMCE).

The data are collected in time-snapshots denoted by ηi= η(ti,w1)…η(ti,wn)∈Rn, i=1,…,N (1) One looks for a set of orthonormal basis vectors uj∈Rn, j=1,2,…,n , such that ηi=j=1nγjiuj , with i=1, 2,…,N , that is, η1…ηN=u1…unγ11…γ1N⋮⋱⋮γn1…γnN, U*U=In (2) where In∈Rn x n is the identity matrix, Η=η1…ηN, U=u1…un and * is the (conjugate) transpose operator.
The uj are referred to as empirical eigenfunctions or principal direction of the “cloud” of data ηi.
As a second step, a reduction of n is also investigated.
Up to now local linearizations were adopted to support the model order reduction.
Model Order Reduction: Theory, Research Aspects and Applications, Springer, 2008

This data shows that higher reduction temperature resulted in higher formation of wustite and magnetite.
While Figure 6 represents the result of reduction process with the lowest reduction parameter.
The data shows that wustite tends to diminish as process duration increase.
Data resulting from step 1 shows that the highest formation of wustite is happened in reduction temperature of 1000oC with 1:2 weight ratio; the highest formation of magnetite is happened in reduction temperature of 800oC with 1:4 weight ratio.
Data resulting from step 2 shows that wustite highest formation is happened in reduction temperature of 1000oC with 30 minutes process duration and magnetite highest formation is in reduction temperature of 700oC with 30 minutes process duration.

Attribute reduction is a key problem for rough set theory.
The actual application shows that the method is feasible and effective Introduction The theory of rough set proposed by Pawlak [1] in 1982 is a new method for data processing based on equivalence relation, and it has been successfully applied in such artificial intelligence fields as machine learning, pattern recognition, decision analysis, process control, knowledge discovery in databases and expert systems.
In Section 4, we show some example on fourteen public data sets.
Information System and Decision Table At Rough sets have been employed to remove redundant conditional attributes from discrete-valued data sets while retaining their information content.
This method does not always generate a minimal reduct, but it does result in a close-to-minimal reduct, which is still useful in reducing data set dimensionality.

Formerly, the setting of the parameter of the strip in the above-mentioned five parts in the process of production in cold reduction mill of roll, we adopt the method of thinking and setting alone.
When i=0, ( is the number of transverse distribution in the coming strip ); B—the width of the strip; —the average backward pull in framework i of cold reduction mill of roll; —the average forward pull in framework i of cold reduction mill of roll.
Similarly, we can understand from the model of elastic deforming in roll-system, the number of the exit thickness distribution after framework 1-5 could indicate by Eq.2 : (2) In this formula: —the setting value of the depressing rate in framework i in cold reduction mill of roll; —the force of the bending and working roll in framework i in cold reduction mill of roll; —the distribution of the roll shape in the working and sustaining rolls in framework i in cold reduction mill of roll.
In the procedure of setting and calculation of the parameter of the strip, we adopt the data under the condition that we have the experimental findings about the camber and template of the coming strip.
The Table 1 show the setting data of the bending force of framework 1-5 after the combined setting technology of the parameter of the strip, and the setting result of the bending force in traditional way of optimization.

The Method Research on Data Mining of Concept Lattice Liu Chun1, a, WangDong Xing2,b , Tan Kun3,c 1, 2, 3Department of computer science and information technology, Daqing Normal University, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, China a asaralc@126.com, b bcnwindy02@163.com, c cdq_tankun@126.com Keywords:Data mining, Concept lattice, Algorithm, Attribute reduction Abstract.Concept lattice in essence describe the links between objects and attributes,demonstratesthe generalization and specialization of concepts.
The corresponding Hasse diagrams realize the visualization of the data.
The last part focuses on the application of concept in data mining.
The concept of data mining Generally speaking, data mining isthe process that extracts potential useful information and knowledge which hidden, not known in advance.They are similarto terminology, such as discovery knowledge from databases, data integration, data analysis, data fusion and decision support, etc.
Raw data can be structured, as data in a relational database can also be semi-structured, such as text, graphics, images, data, or heterogeneous data distributed across network.The methods find knowledge can be mathematics or non-mathematics; interpreted or summed.

Therefore sulfide hinders the cathodic reduction of O2 on Q235 carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution.
The results of EIS were analyzed with fitting the data using Zsimpwin software.
For N2-saturated solution, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) occurs at potentials more negative than-1.20 V (Fig. 1a), and the reduction peak at −1.15V is attributed to iron oxides reduction[15].
The peak at -0.93V and −1.15V are attributed to ORR and iron oxides reduction, respectively.
The variation of electrode surface restrains the reduction reaction of O2 and iron oxides.

Import tariffs equivalents calculation based on carbon tariffs The data used for this study is based on version 8 of GTAP-E (Global Trade Analysis Project- Energy) database.
The benchmark year of the data is 2007, which covers 129 countries/regions, and 57 sectors.
We adopt Walmsley’s recursive dynamic method to update the data in base year (2007) to 2020.
The updating processes for population, labor, capital and GDP data are carried out in three phases (2007-2010, 2010-2015 and 2015-2020) to reflect the endowment and economic development [8].
Thus, the impacts of carbon tariffs on global and China’s emission reduction are very limited.