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Online since: April 2012
Authors: Osamu Ohnishi, Michio Uneda, Kiyoshi Seshimo, Hideo Aida, Toshiro K. Doi, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Syuhei Kurokawa
Here, it is well known that the slurry flow is remarkably important as both to use the slurry effectively and to reduction the slurry quantity consumed of CeO2 abrasive that is one of rare metals.
Therefore, it is important to develop the new CMP method which can achieve both to use the slurry effectively and to reduction the slurry quantity consumed of CeO2 abrasive.
The difference was taken before and behind the longitudinal data, and it was considered that there was slurry in the part for the difference value to exceed a prescribed threshold and made scene of making to binary.
Kawase: Impact of reduction in CeO2 slurry consumption for oxide CMP - Approach from alternative slurries and pad groove patterns -, 2010 International conference on Planarization/CMP Technology (2010) p.244 [3] Y, Sugimoto, K.
Therefore, it is important to develop the new CMP method which can achieve both to use the slurry effectively and to reduction the slurry quantity consumed of CeO2 abrasive.
The difference was taken before and behind the longitudinal data, and it was considered that there was slurry in the part for the difference value to exceed a prescribed threshold and made scene of making to binary.
Kawase: Impact of reduction in CeO2 slurry consumption for oxide CMP - Approach from alternative slurries and pad groove patterns -, 2010 International conference on Planarization/CMP Technology (2010) p.244 [3] Y, Sugimoto, K.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Aleksandar Subic, Alexander Walker
Safety and Biomechanical Performance
Force Reduction.
The peak impact force is measured when an impact occurs and force reduction can then be calculated as the percentage force reduction, in comparison to an unyielding surface such as concrete.
Due to the non-linear behaviour of many sports surfaces, the design of a particular test can considerably affect the measured data, therefore the relevance of a particular tests to simulate a typical impact in a sports situation is very important.
From a technical perspective, the EN14904 Force Reduction test procedure uses different software adjustments that can affect Force Reduction results by up to 5%.
The resultant data can then provide an improved indication of how a surface can respond to a variety of impact forces.
The peak impact force is measured when an impact occurs and force reduction can then be calculated as the percentage force reduction, in comparison to an unyielding surface such as concrete.
Due to the non-linear behaviour of many sports surfaces, the design of a particular test can considerably affect the measured data, therefore the relevance of a particular tests to simulate a typical impact in a sports situation is very important.
From a technical perspective, the EN14904 Force Reduction test procedure uses different software adjustments that can affect Force Reduction results by up to 5%.
The resultant data can then provide an improved indication of how a surface can respond to a variety of impact forces.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Xu Li, Jin Yan Qi, Yong Tao Qiu, Zhi Zhen Xu, Shi Chuan Tang
GIS can provide good function of information technology for EIA, based on its strong ability on processing spatial data and attribute data.
Spatial data can describe the position of the object, while attribute data as a qualitative or quantitative factor can describe the feature of the specific object [4].
Environmental information is the basic data of project EIA.
In this way, the classified management and organic connection of spatial data and attribute data can be realized.
GIS can describe spatial topological attributes of objects (spatial data) and the multiple attributes of the spatial objects (attribute data) [10].
Spatial data can describe the position of the object, while attribute data as a qualitative or quantitative factor can describe the feature of the specific object [4].
Environmental information is the basic data of project EIA.
In this way, the classified management and organic connection of spatial data and attribute data can be realized.
GIS can describe spatial topological attributes of objects (spatial data) and the multiple attributes of the spatial objects (attribute data) [10].
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Chen Huan Cheng, Chien Jung Huang, Ti Chen Ting, Po Tsang B. Huang, Kung Jeng Wang, James C. Chen, Chih Chiang Chang
The data processing time at receiving and shipping docks was reduced by more than 90%.
Introduction Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) uses radio waves to exchange data between a reader and electronic tags attached to objects.
The data on the tags can be read and written to facilitate the identification and tracking of the objects.
As data are rapidly and automatically captured through the RFID readers and tags, less operating time and labor are required for warehouse operations.
Moreover, the data processing time at receiving and shipping docks was reduced by more than 90%.
Introduction Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) uses radio waves to exchange data between a reader and electronic tags attached to objects.
The data on the tags can be read and written to facilitate the identification and tracking of the objects.
As data are rapidly and automatically captured through the RFID readers and tags, less operating time and labor are required for warehouse operations.
Moreover, the data processing time at receiving and shipping docks was reduced by more than 90%.
Online since: January 2005
Authors: Y.S. Park, Yong Bum Park, Tai Joo Chung, Young Sik Kim, Y.R. Yoo, H.Y. Chang
This enhancement might be closely related to the reduction of residual stress and slightly large
grain, but its resistance was not affected by the anodic polarization behavior.
Some data showed that there is a similar effect of caustic concentration and temperature on the cracking of mild steel and Type 304 and 316 stainless steels [4].
The enhancement of the SCC resistance as shown in Fig. 1 and the reduction of susceptibility to SCC were not explained by these microstructural changes.
Variation of residual stress of anodic polarization curves of S32050 S32050 with thermal treatment By the experienced data [8] of nuclear power plants, it was reported that SCC problems were reduced largely as the grain size of Alloy 600 or Alloy 690 was increased.
This enhancement might be closely related to the reduction of residual stress and slightly large grain, but its resistance was not affected by the anodic polarization behavior.
Some data showed that there is a similar effect of caustic concentration and temperature on the cracking of mild steel and Type 304 and 316 stainless steels [4].
The enhancement of the SCC resistance as shown in Fig. 1 and the reduction of susceptibility to SCC were not explained by these microstructural changes.
Variation of residual stress of anodic polarization curves of S32050 S32050 with thermal treatment By the experienced data [8] of nuclear power plants, it was reported that SCC problems were reduced largely as the grain size of Alloy 600 or Alloy 690 was increased.
This enhancement might be closely related to the reduction of residual stress and slightly large grain, but its resistance was not affected by the anodic polarization behavior.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Mei Ling An, Xi Qing Mu, Hua Li Yu
Important academic elements and data for study and design are provided.
So-called simplification is to make proper reduction on physical model, for instance: omit or reduce the characteristics having no or few influence to study.
Primarily, the reduction shall be faithful to critical mechanical properties, meanwhile, both the geometric types between each unit and whole structure, and the mechanical property transmitted between each unit shall be consistent.
When modeling, some simplification shall be conducted on the physical model.So-called simplification is to make proper reduction on physical model, for instance: omit or reduce the characteristics having no or few influence to study.
The loading imposed upon each component of the hook shall be consistent with that upon the whole structure, according to the hook, structural and load carrying features, the following reductions are made: 1) The positioner and bushing, having no influence to hook loading transmission, may be ignored. 2) The spring and bearing, playing an unimportant role in the loading transmission, may be ignored. 3) The screw connection between barrel and body, shank and nut may be regarded as surface connection. 4) The hook has a complex shape and internal structure, there are many small-angle connections and radii, so the cast radius on the hook body having few influences on stress, may be ignored.
So-called simplification is to make proper reduction on physical model, for instance: omit or reduce the characteristics having no or few influence to study.
Primarily, the reduction shall be faithful to critical mechanical properties, meanwhile, both the geometric types between each unit and whole structure, and the mechanical property transmitted between each unit shall be consistent.
When modeling, some simplification shall be conducted on the physical model.So-called simplification is to make proper reduction on physical model, for instance: omit or reduce the characteristics having no or few influence to study.
The loading imposed upon each component of the hook shall be consistent with that upon the whole structure, according to the hook, structural and load carrying features, the following reductions are made: 1) The positioner and bushing, having no influence to hook loading transmission, may be ignored. 2) The spring and bearing, playing an unimportant role in the loading transmission, may be ignored. 3) The screw connection between barrel and body, shank and nut may be regarded as surface connection. 4) The hook has a complex shape and internal structure, there are many small-angle connections and radii, so the cast radius on the hook body having few influences on stress, may be ignored.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Jacopo Seccatore, Marcello Veiga, Giorgio de Tomi
Reduction of geo-environmental and geodynamics threats and hazards.
Data World Data in Literature Hoadley & Limpitlaw (2004), in a study on the sustainability in the livelihoods related to small-scale mining installations, highlight that ASM provides a form of livelihood for the miners, but there is usually no net generation of wealth.
Fig. 4 – Gold Production by mine size in the last 35 years (Source of data: Ericsson, 2010) Fig. 5 – Average grade of Gold, Platinum Group Metals and Silver in the deposits to be exploited (Source of data: Ericsson, 2010) Elaboration on World Data Statistics on ASM are quite scarce in Literature, but some reliable data can be found in the MMD report (2002), and on the website of “Community and Small-Scale Mining” (CASM 2012).
(Source of data: MMD 2002, CASM 2012 and UNDP 2011) Elaboration on Brazilian Data SSM occupies, in number, the largest slice of mining companies in the country, as reported in Figure 7.
Data of Gold production, by type of mining activity, are reported in Figure 8.
Data World Data in Literature Hoadley & Limpitlaw (2004), in a study on the sustainability in the livelihoods related to small-scale mining installations, highlight that ASM provides a form of livelihood for the miners, but there is usually no net generation of wealth.
Fig. 4 – Gold Production by mine size in the last 35 years (Source of data: Ericsson, 2010) Fig. 5 – Average grade of Gold, Platinum Group Metals and Silver in the deposits to be exploited (Source of data: Ericsson, 2010) Elaboration on World Data Statistics on ASM are quite scarce in Literature, but some reliable data can be found in the MMD report (2002), and on the website of “Community and Small-Scale Mining” (CASM 2012).
(Source of data: MMD 2002, CASM 2012 and UNDP 2011) Elaboration on Brazilian Data SSM occupies, in number, the largest slice of mining companies in the country, as reported in Figure 7.
Data of Gold production, by type of mining activity, are reported in Figure 8.
Online since: July 2025
Authors: Valencia Safir Maharani, Abdul Rokhman, Rachmad Ardhianto
The inclusion of an iron anode in the tubular-based electrocoagulation reactor results in a substantial reduction in color parameters, with levels reaching as high as 94.0-99.9%.
Data and Analysis.
However, a current between 125 - 200 ampere can still achieve a reduction color content of over 99%.
A significant reduction in the color content of textile industry effluents can be achieved with a current density ranging from 465.28 A/m2 to 823.19 A/m2.
Acknowledgment The authors would like to express their gratitude to the textile industries for providing the supporting data and sample of wastewater.
Data and Analysis.
However, a current between 125 - 200 ampere can still achieve a reduction color content of over 99%.
A significant reduction in the color content of textile industry effluents can be achieved with a current density ranging from 465.28 A/m2 to 823.19 A/m2.
Acknowledgment The authors would like to express their gratitude to the textile industries for providing the supporting data and sample of wastewater.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: W. Boonchouytan, R. Burapa, S. Rawangwong, J. Chatthong, J. Rodjananugoon
The finding would also become a data base for further research.
This meant that the data variance value was at 100 µm2.
Therefore, the data variance to measure the surface roughness could be implied from the feed and speed.
These brought about the accurate designing treatment and appropriate for data analysis.
The S.D. was obtained from data collection of feed rate at 200 mm.
This meant that the data variance value was at 100 µm2.
Therefore, the data variance to measure the surface roughness could be implied from the feed and speed.
These brought about the accurate designing treatment and appropriate for data analysis.
The S.D. was obtained from data collection of feed rate at 200 mm.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Hua Zhang, Xue Hong Zhang, Yi Nian Zhu, Shou Rui Yuan
The dynamical data fit very well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the calculated adsorption capacities (23.98, 24.33 and 24.81 mg/g) were in good agreement with experiment results at 20℃, 30℃ and 40 ℃ for the 100 mg/L Cr(VI) solution.
The Freundlich model (R2 values were 0.9198-0.9871) fitted adsorption data better than the Langmuir model.
These results have shown that the experimental data do not well agree with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.
In the present study, the equilibrium data of the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the GPC at pH 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 were fitted with the Langmuir equation and the Freundlich equation.
Conformation of the experimental data into Langmuir isotherm model with high R2 value indicates the homogeneous nature of the adsorbent surface.
The Freundlich model (R2 values were 0.9198-0.9871) fitted adsorption data better than the Langmuir model.
These results have shown that the experimental data do not well agree with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.
In the present study, the equilibrium data of the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the GPC at pH 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 were fitted with the Langmuir equation and the Freundlich equation.
Conformation of the experimental data into Langmuir isotherm model with high R2 value indicates the homogeneous nature of the adsorbent surface.