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Phase-field Simulation Studies of Multiple Grains Coupled With Force Flow Field* Li Feng1,2,a* Lingmin An1,a Changsheng Zhu1,a Yang Lu 1,a Rongzhen Xiao 1,2,a and Bo Cheng1,a 1Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China 2Gansu Non-ferrous Metals and Composite Materials Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou China afenglils@lut.cn Keywords: Phase field method, Forced flow, Multiple grains, Dendrite growth, Simulation Abstract.
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Introduction Additive manufacturing, AM, is the process of joining materials to create objects from a three-dimensional or 3D model generally done layer by layer (ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials) [1].
Poh, “Development, characterization and the application of hybrid materials in coagulation/flocculation of wastewater: A review,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 203, pp. 370–386, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.06.109
Corcione, “A Review of Polymer-Based Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF): Focus on Sustainability and Recycled Materials,” Polymers (Basel), vol. 14, no. 3, 2022, doi: 10.3390/polym14030465
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Koppad, “A review of various materials for additive manufacturing: Recent trends and processing issues,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 21, pp. 2612–2641, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.10.015

Factors related to function and sustainability of products such as material, manufacturability, component life and so on are defined as modular drivers.
Material.
In Eq.7, k is the number of modules of product, ki is kinds of materials of module i, is the ratio of each kind of material j in the ith module, is the EL of the utilization of material j, pi is kinds of components of each module i, sq is kinds of processes of component q, is the ratio of each kind of process l in the qth component, is the EL of process l, is the ratio of each kind of component p in the ith module, wr is the EL of the recycle of component p, wd is the EL of the disposal of component p. 3 Case Study A reduction gear is used as an example to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Acknowledgements This research is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#70971030).
References [1] Jayal, A.D., et al., in: Sustainable manufacturing: Modeling and optimization challenges at the product, process and system levels, CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science, 2010, 2(3): 1-10 [2] Sánchez, J., J.

Tensile tests were performed on the fibre and matrix materials to determine the mechanical properties.
Table 1 shows the mechanical properties of the materials used for this investigation.
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Experimental Section Experiment materials.
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With a flexural modulus of more than 3.9 GPa the composites processed at 180°C even outmatch self-reinforced Polypropylene materials like Curv® [12].
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