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Online since: May 2013
Authors: Hong Bao Liang, Qiang Liu, Yu Dan Sun, Jia Xing Wang
The practical testing and data prove that the pumping unit can meet the requirements of criterion one and two, approach criterion three after adjusting by power method.
In order to save energy, prolong life of reduction gearbox, operate easily, the basic principle of balance criterion is analyzed.
(5) Where e is reduction ratio between motor shaft and crank shaft, hc is transmission efficiency between motor and crank shaft.
The processed data is in table1 according to three criterions.
Table 1 Data comparison of adjusting pumping unit Adjusting condition Peak power[kW] Power rate Motor energy[kW·s] Energy rate RMS Power [kW] Upstroke Downstroke Upstroke Downstroke Before 22.4 41.8 1.86 41.3 97.5 2.36 20.1 After 33.6 32.1 0.95 80.2 74.1 0.92 19.5 Conclusion The balance rate of pumping unit influences the safety production and benefit.
In order to save energy, prolong life of reduction gearbox, operate easily, the basic principle of balance criterion is analyzed.
(5) Where e is reduction ratio between motor shaft and crank shaft, hc is transmission efficiency between motor and crank shaft.
The processed data is in table1 according to three criterions.
Table 1 Data comparison of adjusting pumping unit Adjusting condition Peak power[kW] Power rate Motor energy[kW·s] Energy rate RMS Power [kW] Upstroke Downstroke Upstroke Downstroke Before 22.4 41.8 1.86 41.3 97.5 2.36 20.1 After 33.6 32.1 0.95 80.2 74.1 0.92 19.5 Conclusion The balance rate of pumping unit influences the safety production and benefit.
Online since: January 2004
Authors: J. de Roode, F. Labohm, H. Schut, A. van Veen
Data is shown for a) the as rolled foils, b) after
annealing for 7 hours at 1700 K in vacuum, and c) after a total of 3 years in near core position
at 2 MW reactor power.
The data has been analyzed with VEPFIT [2] (drawn lines in Fig.2) using a single or a two layer system for the annealed and irradiated samples, respectively.
Table 1 summarizes the values of fitted S-parameters and diffusion lengths (L) together with data for the distance to core side, the local operating temperature and neutron fluxes.
According to the data for 185W the thermal neutron flux gradually reduces by roughly 40%.
In order to account for the 30% reduction a displacement of more than 10 cm is required.
The data has been analyzed with VEPFIT [2] (drawn lines in Fig.2) using a single or a two layer system for the annealed and irradiated samples, respectively.
Table 1 summarizes the values of fitted S-parameters and diffusion lengths (L) together with data for the distance to core side, the local operating temperature and neutron fluxes.
According to the data for 185W the thermal neutron flux gradually reduces by roughly 40%.
In order to account for the 30% reduction a displacement of more than 10 cm is required.
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Giuseppe Casalino
As a consequence, it enables to individuate the combination of parameters that optimize the output avoiding misinterpretation that can be due to the singularity of the experimental data.
A full two level three-factorial design (23) was completed, three-way interaction was not considered for the lack of data.
The available experimental data, which was representative, did not fulfil the input to the 23 design.
Experimental and numerical data Experiment.
The model was validated by comparison with the available experimental data.
A full two level three-factorial design (23) was completed, three-way interaction was not considered for the lack of data.
The available experimental data, which was representative, did not fulfil the input to the 23 design.
Experimental and numerical data Experiment.
The model was validated by comparison with the available experimental data.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Deng Cheng Zhang, Liang Qu, Yan Hua Zhang, Hua Xing Li
When the angle of attack reaches preset angle, a signal will be sent to initiate the data collection system.
First, a set of precondition data is taken where the value presents the data of balance, model weight and inertial force.
The values from the preconditional data are subtracted from the values determined in trials with varience in speed and angle of attack.
The differences are the actual aerodynamic data.
So the data slightly fluctuate.
First, a set of precondition data is taken where the value presents the data of balance, model weight and inertial force.
The values from the preconditional data are subtracted from the values determined in trials with varience in speed and angle of attack.
The differences are the actual aerodynamic data.
So the data slightly fluctuate.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Jian Guo Yu, Mei Lin Feng, Peng Peng Huang, De Chang Xu
Design of data modeling
Design of system data modeling mainly include several follow stages
:demand analysis , design of concept data model, design of physical data model and database running.
The design of physical data model is a key part of the system development.
Now, there are many popular tools for system data modeling such as PowerDesigner, Erwin, Rose etc [6].
Fig.2 Physical data model of user-defined visual workflow B.
SqlServer2005 as the data base management system.
The design of physical data model is a key part of the system development.
Now, there are many popular tools for system data modeling such as PowerDesigner, Erwin, Rose etc [6].
Fig.2 Physical data model of user-defined visual workflow B.
SqlServer2005 as the data base management system.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Hong Yan, Jun Luo, En-Hou Han, Rongshi Chen
Mg-2Zn-0.3Gd sheets processed by large strain hot rolling with one pass of 80% reduction at 200°C and 250°C were selected to investigate the rolling temperature effect on the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of Mg-2Zn-0.3Gd sheets after rolling and subsequent annealing.
Three specimens were used for each test condition to ensure the reproducibility of the data.
Actually, during the multi-pass small reduction hot rolling process Mg alloy usually deformed with basal slipping and tensile twinning due to their lower CRSS.
This microstructure difference is an obvious characterization for Mg-2.0Zn-0.3Gd alloy produced by traditional multi-pass small reduction hot rolling process and large strain hot rolling.
And it can be conclude that the above mentioned microstructure difference most probably related to the element Gd addition and large reduction performed.
Three specimens were used for each test condition to ensure the reproducibility of the data.
Actually, during the multi-pass small reduction hot rolling process Mg alloy usually deformed with basal slipping and tensile twinning due to their lower CRSS.
This microstructure difference is an obvious characterization for Mg-2.0Zn-0.3Gd alloy produced by traditional multi-pass small reduction hot rolling process and large strain hot rolling.
And it can be conclude that the above mentioned microstructure difference most probably related to the element Gd addition and large reduction performed.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Bo Ding, Yuan De Yin, Wen Hua Meng, Peng Zhan Wang, Sheng Zhi Li, Lan Wei Hu
The novel Fomichev plug described in this paper is of characteristic producing equal unit-reduction of wall thickness along its perforation section during seamless tube piercing, which designed on the base of the roll opening of Julong piercer, taking into account for both feed angle and toe angle of a cone type piercer.
The material model of steel grade P91 is built using the data from a Gleeble test program.
The perforation section generatrix of the novel Fomichev plug discussed in this paper is represented by formula (1): , (1) where RLr(x) is plug diameter at the point x in axial coordinate; R(x) is the roll opening at the point x in axial coordinate; SHE is the ideal wall thickness of hollow shell at the intersection between perforating and smoothing section of the plug; Cav is the average reduction ratio of wall thickness.
This kind of plug is somewhat universal, but its flaw is that the wall-thickness reduction of workpiece focuses on one part of the plug in piercing.
The new plug is of characteristic producing equal unit-reduction of wall thickness along its perforation section during seamless tube piercing without excessive concentration of metal deformation.
The material model of steel grade P91 is built using the data from a Gleeble test program.
The perforation section generatrix of the novel Fomichev plug discussed in this paper is represented by formula (1): , (1) where RLr(x) is plug diameter at the point x in axial coordinate; R(x) is the roll opening at the point x in axial coordinate; SHE is the ideal wall thickness of hollow shell at the intersection between perforating and smoothing section of the plug; Cav is the average reduction ratio of wall thickness.
This kind of plug is somewhat universal, but its flaw is that the wall-thickness reduction of workpiece focuses on one part of the plug in piercing.
The new plug is of characteristic producing equal unit-reduction of wall thickness along its perforation section during seamless tube piercing without excessive concentration of metal deformation.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Shui Peng Zhang, Tao Shang
Second, we process the float data in the depth buffer by using uniformization and render the two depth data in the texture.Then use Gauss Filter to blur.Finally,use the algorithm of BIRCH cluster the uniformization data to improve the obscure and tweened effect.This method brings reduction of aliasing problem with low overhead as well as performance to a certain extent .
Otherwise, compute the variance from the two moments and scale the ray intensity.Usually the variance data is used to estimate the minimum boundary value .
So,The improved variance shadow map increases the global stability of the inputed data sets by reducing the threshold.The scope of the depth data sets is decreased for zero to one.And then,our normalized variance shadow maps' data sets are putted into CF tree,and then,We use CF tree of BIRCH algorithm to split the data sets into different clusters or different layers.This will reduce the gaps to some extent.The clustering of CF tree can be regarded as a recursion process.The detailed description of that algorithm is listed in the next paragraph.
BIRCH algorithm By using BIRCH algorithm [9],we can cluster mass data in a fast way.Mass data is divided into different sets or clusters by their distance.In general,these clusters have no special rule during clustering,therefore more particular clustering is needed that is solved by specific Algorithms.
The CF tree is described by the following format.CF={N,LS,SS},N is the number of points in the data set,LS is the liner sum of points in the data set,SS is the square sum of points in the data set.
Otherwise, compute the variance from the two moments and scale the ray intensity.Usually the variance data is used to estimate the minimum boundary value .
So,The improved variance shadow map increases the global stability of the inputed data sets by reducing the threshold.The scope of the depth data sets is decreased for zero to one.And then,our normalized variance shadow maps' data sets are putted into CF tree,and then,We use CF tree of BIRCH algorithm to split the data sets into different clusters or different layers.This will reduce the gaps to some extent.The clustering of CF tree can be regarded as a recursion process.The detailed description of that algorithm is listed in the next paragraph.
BIRCH algorithm By using BIRCH algorithm [9],we can cluster mass data in a fast way.Mass data is divided into different sets or clusters by their distance.In general,these clusters have no special rule during clustering,therefore more particular clustering is needed that is solved by specific Algorithms.
The CF tree is described by the following format.CF={N,LS,SS},N is the number of points in the data set,LS is the liner sum of points in the data set,SS is the square sum of points in the data set.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Dan Ying Gao, Ming Zhang
Compared with reinforced concrete beam without steel fiber, beams joined steel fiber can effectively reduce the crack width, the reduction of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams crack width are 52%~ 121% under different fatigue cycles.
In the Fig. 3b, it is shown that beams with end-hook steel fiber got the most remarkable effect, the reduction of fatigue crack width are 38%~110% compared with other two types of steel fiber.
The reduction of maximum crack width are 26%~87% following with the range growth of the steel fiber adding.
For simplified calculation the formula of crack spacing can be written as: (8) k is the fatigue crack spacing coefficient considering the influence of steel fiber, according to the analysis of the test data in this paper: k=0.78.
(9) Because reduction coefficient of tensile stress of concrete qf and amplifying coefficient of tensile stress of steel hf are all probably relative to Fatigue cycles (N), setting ,,the calculation formula for fatigue crack width can be written as: (10) Considering the linking up with the current ordinary concrete structures and steel fiber concrete component calculation formula, and for convenient calculation, according to calculation model, the calculation formula for crack width of steel fiber high-strength concrete beams is simplified as: (11) In the formula, n is the comprehensive correction factor for fatigue crack width of steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete beams, according to the test data by regression analysis , n=1.4,a=-1.2518, b=0.5458; wmax is the maximum crack width not considering the effect of steel fiber, lf is the represent
In the Fig. 3b, it is shown that beams with end-hook steel fiber got the most remarkable effect, the reduction of fatigue crack width are 38%~110% compared with other two types of steel fiber.
The reduction of maximum crack width are 26%~87% following with the range growth of the steel fiber adding.
For simplified calculation the formula of crack spacing can be written as: (8) k is the fatigue crack spacing coefficient considering the influence of steel fiber, according to the analysis of the test data in this paper: k=0.78.
(9) Because reduction coefficient of tensile stress of concrete qf and amplifying coefficient of tensile stress of steel hf are all probably relative to Fatigue cycles (N), setting ,,the calculation formula for fatigue crack width can be written as: (10) Considering the linking up with the current ordinary concrete structures and steel fiber concrete component calculation formula, and for convenient calculation, according to calculation model, the calculation formula for crack width of steel fiber high-strength concrete beams is simplified as: (11) In the formula, n is the comprehensive correction factor for fatigue crack width of steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete beams, according to the test data by regression analysis , n=1.4,a=-1.2518, b=0.5458; wmax is the maximum crack width not considering the effect of steel fiber, lf is the represent
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Tian Tian Gan, Ke Qi Wu, Ji Meng Tang
Method and Data Estimation
A benefit-cost analysis method is used in this paper, and the costs and benefits considered for an intercity railway are concluded in Table 1.
Costs and benefits considered Costs Benefits Infrastructure (I) Rolling Stock (S) Operation (O) Infrastructure maintenance (M) Residual value (R) Time saving (TS) from other modes Cost reduction (CR) in alternative modes Reduction of external costs (REC) in: Energy consumption and emissions The paper takes Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway as an example.
Reduction costs of Energy consumption and emissions are mainly considered in this part.
Energy consumption of railway is 83.05% lower than highway (see Table 3).The transfer demand from highway to intercity railway should be measured as reduction of energy consumption, assuming that the energy consumption of national railway and intercity railway is similar.
Modes Before After 2007 2008 2009 2010 Car and bus 29.42 28.05 30.01 31.04 National railway 20.23 19.70 16.37 17.38 Intercity railway ----- 4.23 9.79 11.83 Total 49.65 51.98 56.17 60.25 Source: data from statistics and reports of railway design department.
Costs and benefits considered Costs Benefits Infrastructure (I) Rolling Stock (S) Operation (O) Infrastructure maintenance (M) Residual value (R) Time saving (TS) from other modes Cost reduction (CR) in alternative modes Reduction of external costs (REC) in: Energy consumption and emissions The paper takes Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway as an example.
Reduction costs of Energy consumption and emissions are mainly considered in this part.
Energy consumption of railway is 83.05% lower than highway (see Table 3).The transfer demand from highway to intercity railway should be measured as reduction of energy consumption, assuming that the energy consumption of national railway and intercity railway is similar.
Modes Before After 2007 2008 2009 2010 Car and bus 29.42 28.05 30.01 31.04 National railway 20.23 19.70 16.37 17.38 Intercity railway ----- 4.23 9.79 11.83 Total 49.65 51.98 56.17 60.25 Source: data from statistics and reports of railway design department.