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Whereas, the majority of composite material characterization to data has concentrated on coupon test specimens between 2mm and 2.5mm thick, which were designed to produce in-plane materials property data[1].
Empirically, it is rare to utilize materials in thickness greater than 40mm for measuring the through-thickness properties.
Each group consisting of five specimens from each of the same thickness materials were prepared for loading in through-thickness tension.
Hiley, Determine The Through-thickness of FRP Materials, Composites Science and Technology 58 (1998) 1411-1420 [2] W R Broughton and G D Sims, An Overview of Through-thickness Test Methods for Polymer Matrix Composites, NPL Report DMM(A)148,October 1994 [3] J.
Daniel Through-Thickness Mechanical Characterization of Woven Fabric Composites Journal of Composite Materials 2004 38: 543 [4] J.

Introduction Fiber reinforced composite materials are becoming increasingly popular for various structural applications in the automotive, aerospace, and other industrial sectors [1,2].
Due to the complexity of fiber reinforced composite materials, the variability in performance of a composite structure is often much higher than conventional isotropic structures [3,4].
In fact, due to a variety of factors such as component materials, technological process and work environment, the strength parameters of fiber reinforced composite materials are generally random distributions [6].
(Nature Science Edition).34 (2006) 96-98
A general theory of strength for anisotropic materials, Journal of Composite Materials. 5 (1971) 58-80

As revealed previously by [5], the addition of these materials leads to the occurrence of occluded air inside the whole composite.
Kamali-Bernard, Predicting the evolution of mechanical and diffusivity properties of cement pastes and mortars for various hydration degrees - A numerical simulation investigation, Computational Materials Science 61 (2012) 106-115
Cissé: submitted to European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering (2013) [3] W.
Dridi, Analytical modeling of the coupling between microstructure and effective diffusivity of cement-based materials, in: E.
Lin, Experimental study and application of mechanical properties for the interface between cobblestone aggregate and mortar in concrete, Construction and Building Materials 46 (2013) 156-166 [5] K.

Materials are then compared to those doped only with ZrO2.
Materials and Methods Raw Materials.
We can see in Fig. 1 that VC and Cr3C2 together work to inhibit grain growth and, therefore, to increase the overall hardness of the materials.
Book series: Advances in Key Engineering Materials, 214 (2011) 344 – 348 [4] R.H.
Wu; “Effects of AGG on fracture toughness of tungsten carbide”, Materials Science and Engineering, 445-446 (2007) 587–592

Preparation of Cement Water Reducer of Modified Lignosulfonate Xiuwen Wu1,a, Heng Zhang2,3,b 1College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan,Guangdong 523808, China 2School of Chemical Engineering ,Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China 3Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China a, bhgzhang@qust.edu.cn Keywords: Lignosulfonate; water reduction agent; synthesis Abstract: In this paper, the cement water reduction agent from modified lignosulfonate was synthesizd using a new process consisting of pre-oxidation, hydroxymethylation and sulfonation.
Experimental Materials Eucalyptus kraft pulping black liquor was obtained from a Chinese pulp mill.
Table 1 Composition of black liquor Solid content (%) Ash (%) Gross calorific value (kJ/kg) Net calorific value (kJ/kg) Lignin (%) Ratio of inorganic and organic materials(%) Content 34.6 37.4 13320 11280 40.3 0.60 The chemicals used in this study include: hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde solution, sodium sulfite, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, deionized water, ordinary portland cement (PO42.5R).
Acknowledgment This work is supported by the opening project of Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology (200905).
Journal of Dalian University of Science & Technology,2004,(1):21-30

Hashim1,c 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia anurfadilahbaharuddin@gmail.com, bahalim@science.upm.edu.my, cmansor@science.upm.edu.my Keywords: Addition; superconducting; resistance; transition temperature; solid state reaction Abstract.
After weighing, the materials were mixed and ground using mortar and pestle.
Fahr, Zn Doping of YBCO in Melt Textured Materials : Peak Effect and High Trapped Fields, Physica C 330 (2000) 181-190
Sheng, Yu Aiping, GU Yangni, WU Xiaoshan, Effect of Yb2O3 Additives on Structures and Transport Properties of YBa2Cu3O7-δ , Journal of Rare Earths 28 (2010) 434-438
[14] Lei Wang, Yanpeng Qi, Zhiyu Zhang, DongliangWang, Xianping Zhang, Zhaoshun Gao, Chao Yao and Yanwei Ma, Influence of Pb Addition on the Superconducting Properties of Polycrystalline Sr 0.6 K0.4Fe2As2, Superconducting Science and Technology, 23 (2010) 054010 [15] R.J.

In the production and processing of chemical products and related materials, various additives containing heavy metal ions and additives such as cobalt ions are used to improve some products' performance, which will result in serious environmental pollution problems, especially metals contamination problems in the industrial wastewater.
Experimental Materials Cobalt chloride (AR), anhydrous ethanol (AR), potassium sodium tartrate (AR), ammonium acetate (AR), 2-ethylhexyl phosphate (P204), sodium hydroxide (AR), dimethylglyoxime ( AR), nitroso-red salt (AR), sulfuric acid (AR), ammonium persulfate (AR), hydrochloric acid (AR).
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Yunnan Provience (No.2011Z133C) and Yunnan Provience Science and Technology Projects (No.2011FZ194).
[3] Wu Z.J., Chang Y.Y., Li G.M., Wei R.: Environmental Protection Science. 2004, 30(122) 30 [4] Li Y.D., Yuan Z.H., Li H.Q., Tian H.: Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2007, 23 (8) 458 [5] Yang Z.K.: Enviromental protection of chemical industry. 1996,16(4) 195
[6] Zhong T., Le Z.G.: Chemical Industry Times. 2008, 22(10) 56 [7] Liang R.W., Wang X.D.: Journal of Water Resources & Water Engineering, 2005, 16(4), 46

The mixture of the required raw materials was ball-milled with water for about 3 h, to make thick slurry to enable its uniform and thin application on the stainless steel substrate by conventional air-spraying process.
Acknowledgements This study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50774073) and National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11 th 5-Year Plan of China (2006BAC02A14).
Yoshimura: Corrosion Science Vol. 45 (2003), P.531
Zhang: Journal of Power Sources Vol. 185 (2008), P. 419
Mermoux: Materials at High Temperatures Vol. 22 (2005), P. 105

Therefore, how to improve the performance and look for the more ideal materials will be the key technology in future research.
We are grateful for the financial support by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant NO. 11274092 and 11274091), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant NO.
BK20130238), Changzhou Science and Technology Support Projects(Grant No.
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, (327):703-707
Chinese Journal of Electron Devices, 2008, 31(4):1081-1084

Introductions of concrete carbonation Concrete is the major man-made material as one of the fundamental materials of construction engineering.
Guangdong building Materials, 2006, 10:22.
Journal of Jiamusi University (Natural Science Edition), 2005, 23(2): 318.
Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2008, 30(8): 921-925.
Materials Review, 2008, 22(z1): 353 357.