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Online since: November 2013
Authors: Lu Zheng, Liang Bin Liu, Xiao Jing Zhou, Yu Zhong Guo
The fitting results based on EIS data indicate that delithiation reactions happen within the voltage range of 3.7-4.4V; The resistances of SEI film and charge transfer are both decreased significantly, whereas Li+ diffusion ability through layered crystalline lattice is improved largely with the increase of zinc doping from 0 to 4wt%.
(a) EIS at 3.9V, (b) EIS at 4.2V, (c) EIS at 4.4V.The insert Fig on the upper lift in each graph depicts in detail the EIS starting part in high frequency range Fig.3 Equivalent circuit used to fit experimental data of EIS for Zn-doped Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 cathode.
Tab.1 Variations of fitting SEI resistance RSEI, charge transfer resistance Rct from experimental EIS data with Zn-doping levels and polarization voltages Sample Voltage/v RSEI/ohm Rct/ohm Zn000 3.9 4.4 4.6 179.2 165.6 155.3 322.8 310.2 316.3 Zn010 3.9 4.4 4.6 103.9 88.34 79.09 116.7 114.6 186.4 Zn040 3.9 4.4 4.6 16.26 16.18 17.00 22.48 24.23 109.2 Guo R et al. [6] found that Li (Ni0.5Co0.25Mn0.25) O2 coated by ZnO can significantly reduces the Rsei value, at the same time, Zn2+ covering on the particulate materials surface stabilizes SEI films.
However, the Rct reduction in this study exhibits much larger than other reports do [6], we can easily deduce that co-precipitation processing is more useful than cladding method in the aspect where more Zn species can incorporate in Li (Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3) O2 matrix.
Because Li (Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 electrode’s delithiation voltage ranges mainly from 3.7 to 4.2V, within which two redox couples Ni2+/Ni4+ and Co3+/Co4+ happens, and on this voltage platform Rct reduction is beneficial to delithiation process, while Zn doping in Li (Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3) O2 matrix is harmful for the high rate charging process under high cut-off voltages over 4.4V.
(a) EIS at 3.9V, (b) EIS at 4.2V, (c) EIS at 4.4V.The insert Fig on the upper lift in each graph depicts in detail the EIS starting part in high frequency range Fig.3 Equivalent circuit used to fit experimental data of EIS for Zn-doped Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 cathode.
Tab.1 Variations of fitting SEI resistance RSEI, charge transfer resistance Rct from experimental EIS data with Zn-doping levels and polarization voltages Sample Voltage/v RSEI/ohm Rct/ohm Zn000 3.9 4.4 4.6 179.2 165.6 155.3 322.8 310.2 316.3 Zn010 3.9 4.4 4.6 103.9 88.34 79.09 116.7 114.6 186.4 Zn040 3.9 4.4 4.6 16.26 16.18 17.00 22.48 24.23 109.2 Guo R et al. [6] found that Li (Ni0.5Co0.25Mn0.25) O2 coated by ZnO can significantly reduces the Rsei value, at the same time, Zn2+ covering on the particulate materials surface stabilizes SEI films.
However, the Rct reduction in this study exhibits much larger than other reports do [6], we can easily deduce that co-precipitation processing is more useful than cladding method in the aspect where more Zn species can incorporate in Li (Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3) O2 matrix.
Because Li (Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 electrode’s delithiation voltage ranges mainly from 3.7 to 4.2V, within which two redox couples Ni2+/Ni4+ and Co3+/Co4+ happens, and on this voltage platform Rct reduction is beneficial to delithiation process, while Zn doping in Li (Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3) O2 matrix is harmful for the high rate charging process under high cut-off voltages over 4.4V.
Online since: August 2004
Authors: Sung Ho Lee, Han Sub Chung, Tae Ryong Kim, Su Cheol Jeon
The global
plant data contains heat balance diagram, power level, plant period, steam cycle, and water treatment
data.
The operating thermal hydraulic data based on the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) for a given plant is inputted as steam cycle data.
The inspection data should be carefully reviewed to identify any data that is judged to be in error.
Once the data set is acceptable, any wear region on the component should be identified.
If these elbows are inspected after a few operating cycles without baseline data, the difference of the initial thickness in a given component can be considered as thickness reduction, under any given method.
The operating thermal hydraulic data based on the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) for a given plant is inputted as steam cycle data.
The inspection data should be carefully reviewed to identify any data that is judged to be in error.
Once the data set is acceptable, any wear region on the component should be identified.
If these elbows are inspected after a few operating cycles without baseline data, the difference of the initial thickness in a given component can be considered as thickness reduction, under any given method.
Analysis of the SCI, SCI-E and SSCI Journals in the Fields of Mining Transport, Haulage and Hoisting
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Ivica Ristović, Jovan Dašić, Predrag Dašić
Data and Methods
The data used for this analysis is obtained from Web of Science (WoS) or Journal Citation Report (JCR).
Mining & Mineral Processing" Fig. 2 Graphical representation of the total number of scientific journals indexed by SSCI for category: "Transportation" Fig. 3 Graphical representation of the total number of scientific journals indexed by SCI and SCI-E for category: "Transportation Science & Technology" From Table 1 and Fig. 1 (for category: "Mining & Mineral Processing") it can be noted: · that for a period of 15 years the number of journals has increased only by 1 (from 19 in 1998 to 20 in 2012), · the number of journals in the period from 1998-2012 had certain fluctuations: it increased until 2002, to 21 journal, then decreased until 2008th year to the minimum of 16 journals, had the largest increase in 2009 from 16 to 24 (annual growth of 8 journals or 50%) and finally reduced to the total of 20 journals in 2012, · and the highest annual growth of the journals in this category was in 2009 from 16 to 24 journals (annual growth of 8 journals or 50%) and the largest annual reduction
was in 2004 from 20 to 17 journals (annual reduction of 3 magazines or 15%) and 2012 from 23 to 20 journals (annual reduction of 3 journals or by 13.04%).
From Table 1 and Fig. 2 (for category: "Transportation") it can be noted: · that for a period of 15 years the number of journals has increased only by 3 (from 23 in 1998 to 26 in 2012), · the number of journals in the period from 1998-2012 had a big fall in 2000 and dropped from 24 to 11 journals, because this that number of journals from this category transferred to newly formed category "Transportation Science & Technology" (annual reduction of 13 journals or 54.17%), followed by a nearly constant value until 2006, and then until 2012 it increased by 10 to 20% per annum, · and the highest annual growth of the journals in this category was in 2010 from 18 to 23 journals (annual growth of 5 journals or 27.78%) and the largest annual reduction was in 2000 from 24 to 11 journals (annual reduction of 13 journals or 54.17%).
From Table 1 and Fig. 3 (for category: "Transportation Science & Technology") it can be noted: · that the category was formed in 2000, when a large number of journals in the category "Transportation" moved into this category, · that for a period of 13 years the number of journals has increased by 13 (from 17 in 2000 to 30 in 2012), · the number of journals in the period from 2000-2012 was approximately of a steady growth of around 10% per annum, · and the highest annual growth of the journals in this category was in 2009 from 23 to 26 journals (annual growth of 3 journals or 13.04%) and the only annual reduction was in 2005 from 21 to 20 journals (annual reduction of 1 journal or 4.76%).
Mining & Mineral Processing" Fig. 2 Graphical representation of the total number of scientific journals indexed by SSCI for category: "Transportation" Fig. 3 Graphical representation of the total number of scientific journals indexed by SCI and SCI-E for category: "Transportation Science & Technology" From Table 1 and Fig. 1 (for category: "Mining & Mineral Processing") it can be noted: · that for a period of 15 years the number of journals has increased only by 1 (from 19 in 1998 to 20 in 2012), · the number of journals in the period from 1998-2012 had certain fluctuations: it increased until 2002, to 21 journal, then decreased until 2008th year to the minimum of 16 journals, had the largest increase in 2009 from 16 to 24 (annual growth of 8 journals or 50%) and finally reduced to the total of 20 journals in 2012, · and the highest annual growth of the journals in this category was in 2009 from 16 to 24 journals (annual growth of 8 journals or 50%) and the largest annual reduction
was in 2004 from 20 to 17 journals (annual reduction of 3 magazines or 15%) and 2012 from 23 to 20 journals (annual reduction of 3 journals or by 13.04%).
From Table 1 and Fig. 2 (for category: "Transportation") it can be noted: · that for a period of 15 years the number of journals has increased only by 3 (from 23 in 1998 to 26 in 2012), · the number of journals in the period from 1998-2012 had a big fall in 2000 and dropped from 24 to 11 journals, because this that number of journals from this category transferred to newly formed category "Transportation Science & Technology" (annual reduction of 13 journals or 54.17%), followed by a nearly constant value until 2006, and then until 2012 it increased by 10 to 20% per annum, · and the highest annual growth of the journals in this category was in 2010 from 18 to 23 journals (annual growth of 5 journals or 27.78%) and the largest annual reduction was in 2000 from 24 to 11 journals (annual reduction of 13 journals or 54.17%).
From Table 1 and Fig. 3 (for category: "Transportation Science & Technology") it can be noted: · that the category was formed in 2000, when a large number of journals in the category "Transportation" moved into this category, · that for a period of 13 years the number of journals has increased by 13 (from 17 in 2000 to 30 in 2012), · the number of journals in the period from 2000-2012 was approximately of a steady growth of around 10% per annum, · and the highest annual growth of the journals in this category was in 2009 from 23 to 26 journals (annual growth of 3 journals or 13.04%) and the only annual reduction was in 2005 from 21 to 20 journals (annual reduction of 1 journal or 4.76%).
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Darya Sergeevna Tarasova, Darya Nemova, Alexander S. Gorshkov, Nikolay Vatin
Introduction
Measures aimed at reduction of heat losses and increasing the level of thermal protection of enclosure structures should be considered from the standpoint of their economic justification.
These data are obtained on the basis of poll of the companies which are engaged in external insulation of facades of buildings.
It is possible to reduce capital costs ∆К by reduction of materials cost (insulation plaster structure, the expansion bolt shield for insulation fastening to a basis), or by reduction of construction works cost.
It is defined that for reduction of payback period T of energy saving measures (insulation of enclosure structure) it is necessary to reduce capital costs ∆К or to increase operational ∆O. 3.
It is defined that it is possible to reduce capital costs ∆К by reduction of materials cost or by reduction of construction works cost. 4.
These data are obtained on the basis of poll of the companies which are engaged in external insulation of facades of buildings.
It is possible to reduce capital costs ∆К by reduction of materials cost (insulation plaster structure, the expansion bolt shield for insulation fastening to a basis), or by reduction of construction works cost.
It is defined that for reduction of payback period T of energy saving measures (insulation of enclosure structure) it is necessary to reduce capital costs ∆К or to increase operational ∆O. 3.
It is defined that it is possible to reduce capital costs ∆К by reduction of materials cost or by reduction of construction works cost. 4.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Qiang Yong Zhang, Jian Liu, Juan Song
However, test data of characteristics are based on samples of rock or soil, the size of sample is much smaller than the range of rock or soil should be considered.
The data received from samples are characteristics of the given point.
According to different auto-correlation functions, kinds of expressions of variance reduction function were researched in recent years[12].
From geological data of salt mine area, terrane of cavern, top and bottom terrane are approximately in horizontal direction.
Since lacking of test data, fluctuation range are supposed as 20, 30 and 60 meters respectively, and variation coefficient as 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 respectively.
The data received from samples are characteristics of the given point.
According to different auto-correlation functions, kinds of expressions of variance reduction function were researched in recent years[12].
From geological data of salt mine area, terrane of cavern, top and bottom terrane are approximately in horizontal direction.
Since lacking of test data, fluctuation range are supposed as 20, 30 and 60 meters respectively, and variation coefficient as 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 respectively.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Talgat Akhmetzhanov, Andrey Rusanov, Gulmira Danenova
That can lead to the binder hardening speed reduction.
The water cement relations of a normal consistence are considered as the output data.
As a result of the experimental data processing, the equations reflecting the influence of the varied factors on the studied indicators of the low-clinked binder properties have been obtained.
The analysis of the data provided in Table 4 has shown that a certain discrepancy is observed between indicators of the LCB normal density and the values of the water-binder relation of standard solutions with normal consistence.
The obtained data have shown that applying the coal ashes as a mineral additive allows receiving the low-clinked binders on the basis of the Voskresensky Portland cement.
The water cement relations of a normal consistence are considered as the output data.
As a result of the experimental data processing, the equations reflecting the influence of the varied factors on the studied indicators of the low-clinked binder properties have been obtained.
The analysis of the data provided in Table 4 has shown that a certain discrepancy is observed between indicators of the LCB normal density and the values of the water-binder relation of standard solutions with normal consistence.
The obtained data have shown that applying the coal ashes as a mineral additive allows receiving the low-clinked binders on the basis of the Voskresensky Portland cement.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Marek Niewczas, Igor Yakubtsov
A raise of ageing temperature provides both enhance of the Al diffusivity and reduction of the thermodynamic driving.
The presented experimental ER data are normalized to the resistance of the samples at the beginning of the ageing processes at each temperature with the intention to avoid any size effect of a sample on the resistivity values.
The same figure shows the data of the quantitative assessments of γ - phase using the experimental data of ER.
The ER data were normalized on the maximum equilibrium amount of γ - phase at each ageing temperature that was obtained for AZ80 chemistry according to the equilibrium phase diagram for binary Mg-Al alloys [11].
evaluated values of n for deformed SST alloys are consistent with the literature data about the suppression of DP and expression of CP in deformed Mg-Al alloys during ageing [4, 7].
The presented experimental ER data are normalized to the resistance of the samples at the beginning of the ageing processes at each temperature with the intention to avoid any size effect of a sample on the resistivity values.
The same figure shows the data of the quantitative assessments of γ - phase using the experimental data of ER.
The ER data were normalized on the maximum equilibrium amount of γ - phase at each ageing temperature that was obtained for AZ80 chemistry according to the equilibrium phase diagram for binary Mg-Al alloys [11].
evaluated values of n for deformed SST alloys are consistent with the literature data about the suppression of DP and expression of CP in deformed Mg-Al alloys during ageing [4, 7].
Online since: October 2013
Authors: Jian Wei Tian, Hai Hong Chen, Zhi Zhong Li
Table 1: Characteristics and Uncertainty of Options
Option
Boundary
Measurement Parameter
Uncertainty
Option A
Retrofit isolation
Key parameters
High
Option B
Retrofit isolation
All parameters
Low
Option C
Whole facility
Continuous energy data
High
Option D
Whole facility or sub-facility
Historical data
Depending upon calibrated parameters
The relationship between the measurement cost and uncertainty needs to be considered during M&V process.
Theoretically, it is feasible to acquire a minimum reduction from original and numerous energy consumption factors according to the attribute reduction theory.
For example, if we get an factors reduction from the original energy-consumption factors , the time complexity of energy consumption baseline model algorithm is sharply reduced from to .
Meanwhile, the third party took the actual data of the heating area and surveyed 300 household users by questionnaires.
The analysis of the acquired data resulted in the baseline model, as shown in Eq. 5
Theoretically, it is feasible to acquire a minimum reduction from original and numerous energy consumption factors according to the attribute reduction theory.
For example, if we get an factors reduction from the original energy-consumption factors , the time complexity of energy consumption baseline model algorithm is sharply reduced from to .
Meanwhile, the third party took the actual data of the heating area and surveyed 300 household users by questionnaires.
The analysis of the acquired data resulted in the baseline model, as shown in Eq. 5
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Dan Dan Yuan, Bao Hui Wang, Xin Sui, Hai Xia Sheng, Hong Jun Wu
After the treatment, the viscosity reduction of the water phase in the layer was reached to 50% after oxidation demulsification with ClO2.
By demonstrating the experimental data and discussion, we can effectively control the oxidation performance of chlorine dioxide, which is very meaningful for oilfield on the aspect of stable production of petroleum.
After the treatment, the viscosity reduction of the water phase in the layer was reached to 50% after oxidative degradation of polymer with ClO2
By demonstrating the experimental data and discussion, we can effectively control the oxidation performance of chlorine dioxide, which is very meaningful for oilfield on the aspect of stable production of petroleum.
After the treatment, the viscosity reduction of the water phase in the layer was reached to 50% after oxidative degradation of polymer with ClO2
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Salakjitt Buddhachakara, Wipawee Tharmmaphornphilas
Determination of Bore Grinding Machine Parameters to Reduce Cycle Time
Salakjitt Buddhachakaraa and Wipawee Tharmmaphornphilasb *
Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
aboonsalakjitt@gmail.com, b * wipawee.t@eng.chula.ac.th
Keywords: Design Of Experiment, Central Composite Design, Cycle Time Reduction
Abstract.
With these settings the new cycle time is 2.76 second per piece or 7.38% reduction.
Boonsompong: Reduction of Tombstone Capacitor Problem by Six Sigma Technique: A Case Study of Printed Circuit Cable Assembly Line (2011 IEEE International Conference on Quality and Reliability, 2011)
Deeying: Determination of the Appropriate Laser Spot Welding Parameters to Reduce the Undercut Defect of the Suspension Using Split-Plot Design (The International Data Storage Technology Conference (DST-CON), 2011)
With these settings the new cycle time is 2.76 second per piece or 7.38% reduction.
Boonsompong: Reduction of Tombstone Capacitor Problem by Six Sigma Technique: A Case Study of Printed Circuit Cable Assembly Line (2011 IEEE International Conference on Quality and Reliability, 2011)
Deeying: Determination of the Appropriate Laser Spot Welding Parameters to Reduce the Undercut Defect of the Suspension Using Split-Plot Design (The International Data Storage Technology Conference (DST-CON), 2011)