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The co-doping of conventional EDFs with rare-earth materials can enhance the pump absorption, which is followed by a non-radiative energy transfer to Er-ions, thereby increasing the maximum output power [2].
Phosphate glass is attractive in several ways that other materials are not compared: (1) it provides larger stimulated emission cross section; (2) high quantum efficiency; (3) it helps increasing rare-earth ions doped conentration, which is the predominant difficulty in convertional silica fiber material; (4) high gain unit length.
The co-doping of conventional EDFs with rare-earth materials (such as Yb3+, Nd3+) can enhance the pump absorption, which is followed by a non-radiative energy transfer from Yb to Er ions via crossrelaxation process [2-6].
Among the fiber matrix materials, phosphate glasses have been proposed as potential host materials for rare-earth co-doped lasers and amplifiers, these glasses are characterized by high solubility, for example the highest doped concentration is 1.2×1027 ions/m3.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province Natural Science Foundation of China (item number: KYC-JC-XM-2009-012) References [1] Y.

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Experimental Materials.
As expected, the 350 oC samples presented greatly similar surface characteristics to that of 316SS, of which the surfaces were occupied by clay materials and corrosion products.
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Katajarinne et al. have analysed the post forming properties of different materials for a wall angle of 30°, 45° and 60°.
Two different materials were used.
The authors also thank the Chair of Materials Engineering (LWT) of TU Dortmund University for the hardness analysis of the final cone.
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Microstructure Characterisation of Advanced Materials via 2D and 3D X-Ray Refraction Techniques Bernd R.
This is analogous to the behavior of visible light in transparent materials, such as lenses or prisms, or CO2 gas bubbles in a glass of sparkling water.
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These materials are the most common concrete products.
Hou, Double layered superhydrophobic PDMS-candle soot coating with durable corrosion resistance and thermal-mechanical robustness, Journal of Materials Science and Technology 71 (2021) 1-11
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Fe2P has been considered as a candidate for permanent magnetic materials due to its excellent magneto-crystal anisotropy.
Through the calculation of energy, the magnetic crystal anisotropy of materials can be visualized.
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PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS 2017,1, 0514001
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Chemistry of construction materials.
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