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These convectional fluids are lower thermal conductivity than that of solid materials.
Journal of Heat Transfer, 125, (2003): 151-155. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1532008 [3] Xuan, Y.M, and Roetzel, W, “Conceptions for heat transfer correlation of nanofluids.”
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 43, (2000): 3701–3707. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00369-5 [4] Xuan, Y., Li, Q, “Investigation on convective heat transfer of nanofluids.”
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 135, (2019): 305–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7093-2 [10] Akbari, O.
Dharma Rao: Experimental determination of turbulent forced convection heat transfer and friction factor with SiO2 nanofluid, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 51(2013)103-111 [17] Yimin Xuan, Wilfried Roetzel: Conceptions for heat transfer correlation of nanofluids, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 43(2000)3701-3707 [18] C.W.

China Civil Engineering Journal, 2006, 39(2): 46-52.
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Key Engineering Materials, 2014b, 574, 77-84 [16] Fan XP & Lu DG.
School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 2010.

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Acknowledgement This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50874051) and Guangdong Science and Technology Project (06105411) and NCET, China (NCET-05-0739).
Johnson: Material Science Engineering.
Huang: Theorecial Study on Imapact Compaction of metal powders, Journal of Central South Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
Hauck, German R M: High velocity compaction compared with conventional compaction, Materials Science and Technology.
Bourdin: High velocity compaction: overview of materials, application and potential, Materials Science Forum.

Most stages have environmental impacts [4, 5], which include energy consumption, material consumption, air pollution, water pollution, solid wastes, etc.
For example, materials selected in design stage determine the product’s manufacturing processes and its reuse possibility.
For example, designers generate the final design to fulfill customers’ requirements; process planners change raw material into final product through manufacturing processes, while recyclers disassemble or decompose the final product into reusable components or recyclable materials.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51075300), Research Funding from Tianjin University of Science and Technology (No.20090407), Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No. 10JCYBJC06800) and Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51005165).
Henriques: Journal of Cleaner Production.

Introduction Composite materials usually show advantages in practical industry applications because different reinforced materials are added.
For the experimental investigation, the bi-stable structure transforms from one stable state into another by a snap-through activated by an applied load which can be provided by the piezoelectric materials (such as PZT, MFC), the shape memory alloys (SMA, such as NiTi alloy) or the compression-testing machine.
Pellegrino, in: 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Confer, Austin, Texas, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., (2005)
Weaver: Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 68 (2008), p. 3431-3437
Hyer: International Journal of Solids and Structures, Vol. 40 (2003), p. 5949-5972.

Composites may be preferred for many reasons: common examples include materials which are stronger, lighter, or less expensive when compared to traditional materials.
Materials are tested in pairs under nominally non-abrasive conditions.
Mechanics of Composite Materials (2nd ed.).
Journal of materials processing technology 198 (2008) 220-225
Yang b “Mechanical properties of hot-pressed Al2O3/SiC composites” a School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 China [12] K.

Optimal Design of Corrugated Ribbon Sandwich Structure subjected to Biaxial Shear Loads Shi-dong Pan a, Zhen-gong Zhou , Lin-zhi Wu Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China asd6419866@sina.com Keywords: Optimal design, Corrugated ribbon, Sandwich structure, Biaxial shear.
Introduction Sandwich structures are attractive structure materials used in aerospace, maritime and civil structure owing to their high performance.
Cheng: Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol 24(2001), p63
Zenkert: Composites Science and Technology, Vol69 (2009),p 913
Zenkert: Composites Science and Technology, Vol69 (2009),p 920

It opened new possibilities in mechanical machining of hard and brittle materials.
The goal is to study the tool wear of PCD tool when micro milling hard and brittle materials.
Ductile-regime grinding – a newtechnology for machining brittle materials.
Journal of Engineering for Industry-Transactions of the Asme, (1991), 113:184–9
[8] Cheng X, Wang ZG, NakamotoK,Design and development of a micro polycrystalline diamond ball end mill for micro/nano freeform machining of hard and brittle materials, J MicromechMicroeng, (2009)19

Introduction The innovations in modern technology have been placing ever-increased demands on advanced composite materials.
Of the most commonly used composite materials in modern engineering, the polymer–matrix composites, have been finding increased applications owing to their much lower weight and better corrosion resistance and biocompatibility than the metal-matrix and ceramic-matrix ones [1].For example, Poly(phenylene sulfide)(PPS), an importantly high performance engineering thermoplastic, is widely used in molding resins, fibers and matrices for thermoplastic composites.
Experiment Materials.
Shanghai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai, China(1986),in press, (in Chinese)
Su:Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition).