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Online since: October 2015
Authors: Fritz Klocke, Michael Terhorst, Patrick Mattfeld, Anton Shirobokov, Sophie Kerchnawe
One of the reasons for that is a substantial legislatively enforced reduction of the carbon dioxide emission of vehicles [9].
Additionally, a linear interpolation of the force data from the second experiment over the path data of the first experiment was performed.
It can be clearly seen that IQR increases from the fibre orientation Φ = 0° to Φ = 90° which is caused by a higher variance of the experimental data.
The model was assessed against the experimental data.
A high deviation of the analytical model from the experimental data was observed for the fibre orientation Φ = 30°.
Additionally, a linear interpolation of the force data from the second experiment over the path data of the first experiment was performed.
It can be clearly seen that IQR increases from the fibre orientation Φ = 0° to Φ = 90° which is caused by a higher variance of the experimental data.
The model was assessed against the experimental data.
A high deviation of the analytical model from the experimental data was observed for the fibre orientation Φ = 30°.
Online since: July 2013
Authors: Hong Tao Guo, Hong Qi Hao
The paper presents the development of RFID data management system based on embedded system.
Also responsible for integrating and filtering data, generate reports, and to reduce the burden of the processing of the application layer software to make mass tag data transmission and applications become possible.
The paper presents the development of RFID data management system based on embedded system.
In embedded systems, SDRAM mainly used for program running space, data and stack area.
The paper presents the development of RFID data management system based on embedded system.
Also responsible for integrating and filtering data, generate reports, and to reduce the burden of the processing of the application layer software to make mass tag data transmission and applications become possible.
The paper presents the development of RFID data management system based on embedded system.
In embedded systems, SDRAM mainly used for program running space, data and stack area.
The paper presents the development of RFID data management system based on embedded system.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Yan Gao, Ling Ma, Jing Bo Xia, Jing Jing Ji
However, the CF methods can’t guarantee the safety of the user rating data which cause private preserving issue.
Some mask users’ confidential information data before submitting them to the data holder by disguising the rated items and the ratings [7].
Select the active user a, the data are based on the MovieLens dataset; we can choose the active user from the 3952users randomly.
Applications of wavelet data reduction in a recommender system.
SOM-based recommendations with privacy on multi-party vertically distributed data [J].
Some mask users’ confidential information data before submitting them to the data holder by disguising the rated items and the ratings [7].
Select the active user a, the data are based on the MovieLens dataset; we can choose the active user from the 3952users randomly.
Applications of wavelet data reduction in a recommender system.
SOM-based recommendations with privacy on multi-party vertically distributed data [J].
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Hai Ping Si, Yang Qiao
The layers implement a variety of features, such as replication and data reduction, over the traditional data-placement algorithms (with consideration for geographic placement).
A I M S Crop germplasm investigation data, data sharing, data exchange etc.
Data filling, Data Sharing, Data Backup etc.
For crop germplasm resources works, main accesses and concerns are the resources investigation, data sharing, data exchange, geographic digital data and other application programs.
In crop germplasm resources internal cloud storage interface layer, the application platform interfaces of data investigation, data sharing, data exchange, germplasm order, data backup, etc. must be offered.
A I M S Crop germplasm investigation data, data sharing, data exchange etc.
Data filling, Data Sharing, Data Backup etc.
For crop germplasm resources works, main accesses and concerns are the resources investigation, data sharing, data exchange, geographic digital data and other application programs.
In crop germplasm resources internal cloud storage interface layer, the application platform interfaces of data investigation, data sharing, data exchange, germplasm order, data backup, etc. must be offered.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Chang Lei Dai, Long Yan Chang, Hou Chu Liao
than their non-frozen soils
4
Potential evapotranspiration analysis in seasonal frozen soil area on the Northern Tibetan plateau [18]
Seasonal frozen soil area on the Northern Tibetan plateau
Observation data of MS3478automatic weather station
Using Penman-Monteith method to analysis of potential evapotranspiration variation
Soil moisture is not major factors affecting potential evapotranspiration.
5
The water, heat, salt movement regularity of freezing-thawing soil [19]
Kangjin Houqi liberation gate irrigation fields
Actual monitoring data from soil freezing test and data from weather station
Simulation of variation process of surface evaporation and accumulation evaporation
Throughout the winter period the soil evaporation is smaller than summer, especially in soil freezing stage daily evaporation is close to 0.
6
Study of frozen soil impact on evapotranspiration variability and precipitation variability [20]
In Eastern Siberia
7 years evapotranspiration data
Analysis of the inter-annual
variation data of evapotranspiration in Eastern Siberia larch The annual evapotranspiration in a relatively stable state in the year of precipitation large relative changes 7 Study on surface energy distribution and evapotranspiration [21] Danggula Mountain of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau area Monitor data of net radiation, sensible heat, precipitation, soil water content, and so on.
Relevant research as shown in table 2: Table 2 Relevant research on effects of frozen soil on runoff No Research names Environmental characteristics Sources of data Research methods Main conclusions 1 freezing and thawing of frozen soil [6] Frozen soil observation field Hydrologic station data Analysis of runoff variation characteristics in different seasons Frozen soil as impermeable layer can increase runoff, stranded precipitation and improving river basin water storage capacity. 2 The reason cause of runoff increase of Eurasia 6 major rivers[25] Eurasian Rivers Deep frozen soil melting data and precipitation data Ablation in deep frozen soil, moisture migration, precipitation effects on runoff Changes melting depth of frozen soil primarily through changes moisture-conservation capacity in soil to influence runoff 3 Analysis Yenisei River (central Siberia rivers) flow variation [26] Yenisei River Detection of historical runoff data Comparative historical data to analysis the Yenisei
in desert area Seasonal frozen soil in desert areas with higher infiltration capacity, and it also improve the melt water storage 6 Sandy soil infiltration characteristics under frozen soil effect[39] Southern fringe of Gurbantunggut desert Sandy soil infiltration test data Analysis of the characteristics of sandy frozen soil infiltration in desert area Seasonal frozen soil in desert areas with higher infiltration capacity 7 Infiltration reduction characteristics of seasonal frozen soil [40] Natural freezing-thawing soil field Field infiltration test data Analysis of the mechanism of infiltration reduction Frozen soil hydraulic conductivity decreasing is a basic reason of frozen soil infiltration capacity decrease, under freezing conditions Research method of frozen soil infiltration primarily use infiltration test (double-loop instrument), and research contents mainly focused on the reasons of frozen soil infiltration reduction.
Seasonal freezing-thawing soil freezing-thawing characteristics and study on permeability reduction, Jurnal of soils, vol. 1, pp. 24-32,2000.
variation data of evapotranspiration in Eastern Siberia larch The annual evapotranspiration in a relatively stable state in the year of precipitation large relative changes 7 Study on surface energy distribution and evapotranspiration [21] Danggula Mountain of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau area Monitor data of net radiation, sensible heat, precipitation, soil water content, and so on.
Relevant research as shown in table 2: Table 2 Relevant research on effects of frozen soil on runoff No Research names Environmental characteristics Sources of data Research methods Main conclusions 1 freezing and thawing of frozen soil [6] Frozen soil observation field Hydrologic station data Analysis of runoff variation characteristics in different seasons Frozen soil as impermeable layer can increase runoff, stranded precipitation and improving river basin water storage capacity. 2 The reason cause of runoff increase of Eurasia 6 major rivers[25] Eurasian Rivers Deep frozen soil melting data and precipitation data Ablation in deep frozen soil, moisture migration, precipitation effects on runoff Changes melting depth of frozen soil primarily through changes moisture-conservation capacity in soil to influence runoff 3 Analysis Yenisei River (central Siberia rivers) flow variation [26] Yenisei River Detection of historical runoff data Comparative historical data to analysis the Yenisei
in desert area Seasonal frozen soil in desert areas with higher infiltration capacity, and it also improve the melt water storage 6 Sandy soil infiltration characteristics under frozen soil effect[39] Southern fringe of Gurbantunggut desert Sandy soil infiltration test data Analysis of the characteristics of sandy frozen soil infiltration in desert area Seasonal frozen soil in desert areas with higher infiltration capacity 7 Infiltration reduction characteristics of seasonal frozen soil [40] Natural freezing-thawing soil field Field infiltration test data Analysis of the mechanism of infiltration reduction Frozen soil hydraulic conductivity decreasing is a basic reason of frozen soil infiltration capacity decrease, under freezing conditions Research method of frozen soil infiltration primarily use infiltration test (double-loop instrument), and research contents mainly focused on the reasons of frozen soil infiltration reduction.
Seasonal freezing-thawing soil freezing-thawing characteristics and study on permeability reduction, Jurnal of soils, vol. 1, pp. 24-32,2000.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Wei Huang, Jian Huang, A. Rongzhang, T. Huang, Ren Xiong Ma
The activity data of Ni/Mo/La2O3/SBA-15 catalyst for the CO2 reforming of methane is shown in Fig. 1.
The catalyst in fresh exhibits two reduction peaks at around 490 and 790◦C.
The peaks above 200 ◦C should mainly result from the reduction of Mo or Ni ions for La containing Ni -Mo-SBA-15 samples. besides two reduction peaks at high temperature around 600 and 764◦C, a low-temperature peak emerges at 274 ◦C followed by a broad shoulder near 350◦C, that can be ascribed to the reduction of NiMoO4, less stable NiO and the other, to the first step of reduction (from Mo6+ to Mo4+) of polymeric octahedral Mo species.
Ressler[4] and co-worker concluded that the onset of reduction of MoO3 and the formation of MoO2 can be observed at 400-450◦C.The broad reduction peak centered around 600◦C can be attributed to framework Ni2+ reduction; wide reduction temperature range reflects the inhomogeneous distribution of framework Ni2+[5].
Timpe, In Situ XAS and XRD Studies on the Formation of Mo Suboxidex during Reduction of MoO3,J.
The catalyst in fresh exhibits two reduction peaks at around 490 and 790◦C.
The peaks above 200 ◦C should mainly result from the reduction of Mo or Ni ions for La containing Ni -Mo-SBA-15 samples. besides two reduction peaks at high temperature around 600 and 764◦C, a low-temperature peak emerges at 274 ◦C followed by a broad shoulder near 350◦C, that can be ascribed to the reduction of NiMoO4, less stable NiO and the other, to the first step of reduction (from Mo6+ to Mo4+) of polymeric octahedral Mo species.
Ressler[4] and co-worker concluded that the onset of reduction of MoO3 and the formation of MoO2 can be observed at 400-450◦C.The broad reduction peak centered around 600◦C can be attributed to framework Ni2+ reduction; wide reduction temperature range reflects the inhomogeneous distribution of framework Ni2+[5].
Timpe, In Situ XAS and XRD Studies on the Formation of Mo Suboxidex during Reduction of MoO3,J.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Adrian Cătălin Voicu, Gheorghe Ion Gheorghe
Data are collected in the form of points and the resulting file is called "point cloud" (Figure 1).
Because the automotive industry requires a high degree of accuracy, we can use only certain types of mechatronic systems of integrated control 3D with a laser and it is necessary a fairly high threshold of the data quality, the tolerances accepted in most cases being between ± 0.001 mm and ± 0.01 mm [11].
The scanned data can be transferred to any CAD file format and is accessible to a large number of equipment.
After a product has been made physically, it can be scanned and the resulting data can be compared with the geometric patterns and deviations (errors) up against the initial geometric model can be precisely determined [2].
Godin, "Accurate 3D acquisition of freely moving objects" in 2nd International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization, and Transmission, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Because the automotive industry requires a high degree of accuracy, we can use only certain types of mechatronic systems of integrated control 3D with a laser and it is necessary a fairly high threshold of the data quality, the tolerances accepted in most cases being between ± 0.001 mm and ± 0.01 mm [11].
The scanned data can be transferred to any CAD file format and is accessible to a large number of equipment.
After a product has been made physically, it can be scanned and the resulting data can be compared with the geometric patterns and deviations (errors) up against the initial geometric model can be precisely determined [2].
Godin, "Accurate 3D acquisition of freely moving objects" in 2nd International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization, and Transmission, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Online since: December 2023
Authors: Yskandar Hamam, Jaco A. Jordaan, Kazeem B. Adedeji, Thabane H. Shabangu
Data such as pressure [48–51], flow rate [55, 56], ultrasonic data [57, 58], acoustic emission data [59–61], and temperature variability [62, 63] have reportedly been used for leak detection purposes.
These data are transferred to the data analysis centre and stored in a database.
The use of high-quality data related to leakage in WDNs is crucial for data-driven and mixed-model approaches.
The research findings presented show that the success of data-driven and hybrid models and data-driven methodologies is significantly influenced by the quality of the data and the precision of the hydraulic model that is used.
In recent times, data-driven and the mixed data driven approaches were developed to improve the detection reliability of previous approach.
These data are transferred to the data analysis centre and stored in a database.
The use of high-quality data related to leakage in WDNs is crucial for data-driven and mixed-model approaches.
The research findings presented show that the success of data-driven and hybrid models and data-driven methodologies is significantly influenced by the quality of the data and the precision of the hydraulic model that is used.
In recent times, data-driven and the mixed data driven approaches were developed to improve the detection reliability of previous approach.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Dong Xiao Niu, Fang Fang, Xiao Hua Song, Lan Mou, Cai Qin Ye
Project carbon emission reduction must be achieved by low-carbon construction, low-carbon production and low-carbon operation, in which some projects gain carbon trading benefit at the same time.
Table1 Evaluation index system of thermal power projects based on low-carbon economy First-level indexes Second-level indexes Third-level indexes LC Construction-A Survey and Construction Design-A1 Survey and Design of LC Construction Map-A11 Preparation of Data and Approved Document-A12 Construction Technology Design-A13 LC Construction Management System-A14 Options of Materials purchase, transport and storage -A15 Clear of Construction Management-A2 “Four Conservations One Protection” and Controlling Measures-A21 Management and Control of Noise, Dust and Vibration-A22 Management and Control of waste water, waste gas and waste oil-A23 Soil Conservation and Green Construction-A24 LC Operation-B Consumption of Energy and Resources-B1 Standard Coal Consumption for Power Generation-B11 Standard Coal Consumption for Heating-B12 Water Consumption for Power Generation-B13 Rate of Electricity Use by Factory-B14 Pollutants Emission-B2 Electrostatic Precipitation Rate-B21 Desulfurization
EfficiencyB22 Qualified Rate of Noise Monitoring-B23 Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions-B24 Concentrations of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions-B25 Concentrations of Smoke and Dust Emission-B26 Qualified Rate of Wastewater Emission-B27 Recycle of Wastes-B3 Comprehensive Utilization Rate of Ash-B31 Recycling Rate of Wastewater-B32 Utilization Rate of Gypsum-B33 LC Efficiency-C Economic Efficiency-C1 Rate of Internal Return-C11 Rate of Investment-C12 Environmental Efficiency-C2 Value of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction-C21 Value of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Reduction-C22 Value of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Reduction-C23 Value of Smoke and Dust Emissions Reduction-C24 Social Efficiency-C3 Taxes Paid-C31 Driving Output Growth-C32 Contribution of Grid Electricity to Regional Power Grid-C33 Continue of table 1 LC Sustainable Development-D Internal Factors-D1 Control and Management System of Low-carbon Production-D11 Low-carbon Technology Standard-D12 External Factors-D2 Policies and Regulations
For the simple calculation, it can also calculate the correlation coefficient by using the raw data, see the following description.
The evaluation index system aims to improve the reduction of carbon emission in power industry and advocates the low-carbon development of thermal power projects.
Table1 Evaluation index system of thermal power projects based on low-carbon economy First-level indexes Second-level indexes Third-level indexes LC Construction-A Survey and Construction Design-A1 Survey and Design of LC Construction Map-A11 Preparation of Data and Approved Document-A12 Construction Technology Design-A13 LC Construction Management System-A14 Options of Materials purchase, transport and storage -A15 Clear of Construction Management-A2 “Four Conservations One Protection” and Controlling Measures-A21 Management and Control of Noise, Dust and Vibration-A22 Management and Control of waste water, waste gas and waste oil-A23 Soil Conservation and Green Construction-A24 LC Operation-B Consumption of Energy and Resources-B1 Standard Coal Consumption for Power Generation-B11 Standard Coal Consumption for Heating-B12 Water Consumption for Power Generation-B13 Rate of Electricity Use by Factory-B14 Pollutants Emission-B2 Electrostatic Precipitation Rate-B21 Desulfurization
EfficiencyB22 Qualified Rate of Noise Monitoring-B23 Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions-B24 Concentrations of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions-B25 Concentrations of Smoke and Dust Emission-B26 Qualified Rate of Wastewater Emission-B27 Recycle of Wastes-B3 Comprehensive Utilization Rate of Ash-B31 Recycling Rate of Wastewater-B32 Utilization Rate of Gypsum-B33 LC Efficiency-C Economic Efficiency-C1 Rate of Internal Return-C11 Rate of Investment-C12 Environmental Efficiency-C2 Value of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction-C21 Value of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Reduction-C22 Value of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Reduction-C23 Value of Smoke and Dust Emissions Reduction-C24 Social Efficiency-C3 Taxes Paid-C31 Driving Output Growth-C32 Contribution of Grid Electricity to Regional Power Grid-C33 Continue of table 1 LC Sustainable Development-D Internal Factors-D1 Control and Management System of Low-carbon Production-D11 Low-carbon Technology Standard-D12 External Factors-D2 Policies and Regulations
For the simple calculation, it can also calculate the correlation coefficient by using the raw data, see the following description.
The evaluation index system aims to improve the reduction of carbon emission in power industry and advocates the low-carbon development of thermal power projects.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Xing Yuan He, Chang Wei Zhou
Climate region match.SRATUM module provides hundreds of species of 17 climate zones in the United States for e data analysis.
Street trees in every district are all show that SO2 emission reductions is more than NO2 more than VOC.
PM10 absorption is 1857 kg of kg, emissions reduction is 2713.8 kg, the two totally 4570.9 kg.
Storm water runoff reduction benefits.
Tree species within the STRATUM module are U.S. data, part of them are same as Harbin’s, we can use directly.
Street trees in every district are all show that SO2 emission reductions is more than NO2 more than VOC.
PM10 absorption is 1857 kg of kg, emissions reduction is 2713.8 kg, the two totally 4570.9 kg.
Storm water runoff reduction benefits.
Tree species within the STRATUM module are U.S. data, part of them are same as Harbin’s, we can use directly.