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[2] Kong Hoon Lee, Ook Joong Kim, Analysis on the cooling performance of the thermoelectric micro-cooler, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 50 (2007) 1982-1992
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Riffat et.al, a novel thermoelectric refrigeration system employing heat pipe and phase change material: an experimental investigation, Renewable Energy 23 (2001) 313-323 [13] Faghri A.
Heat pipe science and technology, Taylor & Francis, 1995
[16] Te-En et al, Dynamic test method for determining the thermal performances of heat pipes, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 53 (2010) 4567-4578

Acknowledgements Research Foundation for Youth Scholars of Beijing Technology and Business University References [1] Shuhong Liu,Jie Sang,Sangfeng Wu,Yulin Wu.Journal of SCIENCE IN CHINA,No.4, Vol.39(2009), p.626-628, (In Chinese)
[2] Wygnanski I.and Fiedler H.Journal of Fluid Mech.Vol.38 part 3,1969 [3] Jianhua Wu,Wanhai Chen,Zongyong Wang.
Journal of Chemical Engineering ＆ Machinery, No.5,Vol.37 (2010),p.604-608,(In Chinese)
[4] Weiguang Li,Guangzhi Wang,Jun NAN,Wenxin Shi,Liqun Xu,Nan Li,Ximiao Liu.Journal of China Water & Wastewater,No.9,Vol.25 (2009),p.33-36,(In Chinese)
[5] Jianhua Wu,Fei Xu,Chunmei Zhang,Bin Gong.Journal of Chemical Engineering, No.5,Vol.37 (2009), p.30-33, (In Chinese).

This is not only requests to improve the mechanical properties of concrete materials, but also needs to find a new kind of reinforcement material to replace the reinforced bars.
Shape memory alloy (SMA) is a kind of unique smart material which has shape memory effect and superelasticity.
Recently, with the development of smart materials and structures, as well as the improvement of materials processing technology, SMAs were embedded in concrete members or structures instead of ordinary steel reinforcements.
Ou: China Railway Science, Vol. 29 (2008), No.4, p.41.
Zou: Journal of Building Materials, Vol.13 (2010), No.2, p.237.

Under this specific geodynamic environment, whether the tectonic activation of Anninghe rift can continue depends on the thermal motion rate of deep mantle materials and the eastward migration of the crustal materials of Tibetan Plateau.
Especially the NWW trending compressive stress from the crustal material of Tibetan Plateau eastward drifting is slightly larger than the expansive stress from the present lithosphere uplifting.
Under the specific geodynamic environment, whether the tectonic activation of Anninghe rift can continue its development depends on the thermal motion rate of deep mantle material and the eastward migration state of the crustal material of Tibetan Plateau.
Journal of Changchun College of Geology, Vol. 3 (1986), p. 95-102.
Science, Vol. 274 (2001), p. 1684-1687.

Introduction The development of biodegradable materials as an alternative to non-degradable materials continues to gain momentum.
As a rule, these materials are composites based on synthetic and natural fillers, where renewable sources of raw materials act as natural fillers.
Besides, these materials must have acceptable performance properties.
Composite materials are artificially obtained multiphase materials that have the required properties.
Acknowledgments The materials under investigation were studied with the equipment of the common use centers at the Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics.

Electrical discharge machining is used for all kind of materials, more or less electroconductive, especially because of the non-contact between workpiece and tool, so that it doesn’t matter how hard the material is [1, 2].
Thus, the temperature of small volumes of the electrodes materials increases rapidly, determining processes of material melting or even vaporizing.
In the future, there is the intention to develop experimental researches on other metallic materials, in order to establish also possible correlations between the chemical composition and sizes of surface roughness parameters specific to the surfaces obtained by electrical discharge machining.
Iliescu, Recent advances in mathematical and computational methods in science and engineering, Proceedings of the 10 the WSEAS International Conference on Mathematical and Computational Methods in Science and Engineering (MACMESE”08), Bucharest, Romania, 7-9 Nov. 2008
Khan, Modeling and analysis of MRR, EWR and surface roughness in EDM milling through response surface methodology, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(4) (2010) 611 – 619

Certain materials, such as bark, peat, soil and compost, have been used as packing materials in the biofilter beds [7,8].
These materials provide a nutrient source necessary to support growth and survival of microorganisms.
Journal of environmental psycholog, 2006, 26(2): 141-145
Ozone-Science & Engineering, 2010,32(3): 199-203
Comparison of packing materials in the biofilter system for the biological removal of hydrogen sulfide: Polypropylene fibrils and volcanic stone[J].

Soboyejo1, 3, d 1 Department of Theoretical and Applied Physics, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria 2 Physics Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja, Nigeria 3 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, 1 Olden Street, Princeton, NJ08544, USA aadebayofashina@gmail.com, badamakenneth@gmail.com, czebaze.kana@gmail.com, dsoboyejo@aol.com Keywords: Anisotropic, Etching, Reflectance, Surface Texturing, Surface Roughness, Pyramid Formation, Facet, Angle of incidence and C-Si Solar Cell Abstract We investigate the effect of surface texturing on the light trapping properties of Silicon wafers as a function of reflection reduction and surface morphology.
Acknowledgments This research was carried out at Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO), Abuja, Nigeria and Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, USA.
Wenham, Very high efficiency silicon solar cells - science and technology.
Dutkiewicz, Texturizaition of crystalline silicon by wet chemical etching for silicon solar cells Journal of Materials and Solar Cells, 40/6, (2005) 1459-1463
Williams, Production ready novel texture etching process for fabrication of single crystalline silicon solar cells, Applied Materials IEEE, (2010) 003635-003641

Cai Laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Manufacturing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University (formerly Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics), 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China Key words: metal silicides, coating, laser cladding, wear, oxidation, surface engineering Abstract.
The laboratory of Laser Materials Processing and Manufacturing at Beihang University (BUAA) has since 1994 devoted to the research and development on transition metal silicides-based alloys as advanced wear and corrosion resistant coating materials.
Liu, Materials Science and Engineering A 338, 126 (2002)
Wang, Materials Letters 57, 2914 (2003)
Wang, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 359, 287 (2003)

These materials often cause disposal problems and environmental pollution[10-12].
Containing some toxic elements, manganese slag is definitely one of hazardous materials[14].
Mechanical performances of experimental highway base and subbase layers containing by-product materials from a coal fired power plant: KY Route 3074, Kentucky Transportation Center, Research Report KTC-93-16, 1993. p. 85. [3] BQSF.
Science of The Total Environment, Volume 341, Issues 1-3, 1 April 2005, Pages 159-172 [13] Delian Fan, Peiji Yang.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 96, Issues 2-3, 31 January 2003, Pages 201-216 [15] Harald G.