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Wang et al. [2] presented a structural damage identification algorithm by using static test data and changes in natural frequencies.
It is worthy to note that the proposed approach can be directly applied in the cases of incomplete measured data without considering the static condensation.
Assuming the finite element model can accurately simulate the actual dynamic characteristics of the beam, and the observation data are obtained from the finite element model.
Two damage cases are considered in this study, i.e., 1) a single damage case that element 5 is damaged with a stiffness reduction of 30%; 2) a double damage case that element 9 and 16 have 30% and 20% reduction in stiffness, respectively.
Damages are simulated by a reduction in the stiffness of assumed elements.

Palladized biomass of typical Gram negative bacteria (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Escherichia coli) is well documented as a potentially useful catalyst for reduction of metallic species such as Cr(VI).
Palladized cells had high catalytic activity in the production of hydrogen from hypophosphite [13], the dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls [14] and the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in batch suspension [15] or flow-through reactor [16] systems.
Bio-supported palladium particles were prepared by reduction of sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) onto D. desulfuricans using hydrogen gas as the electron donor [12].
Previous studies using the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) as a criterion of catalytic activity of Bio-PdD. desulfuricans showed that a loading of 5% Pd on the biomass was optimal [23] and this was adopted for the current study, in comparison with a commercial 5% Pd on carbon catalyst.
Data are means ± SEM.

The results show that processing by ECAP lead to only minor reductions in workability of CP Ti.
Each data point indicates combination of axial and hoop strains at failure of the tested specimens.
After the second pass through route Bc there was no considerable reduction in workability limits.
These studies can be used to optimize the processing routes that will result in improved strength with only small reductions in workability [14].
There is considerable scatter in the workability test results; however results show that ECAP for one pass and two passes through Route C result only in small reductions in the workability of CP Ti.

In such cases, post processing of the data lends itself to recognition and repair of cycle slips.
The level of reduction depends on the distance between the receivers (the baseline).
Data Collection A fixed cadastral framework pillar CFG113B along Benin Technical college road was used as reference station.
The data collection procedure required the use of Dual frequency GPS receivers to coordinate both reference and rover stations by static differential GPS techniques.
Adjustment of observation To ensure reliability of results, - All computation options available during the processing of baselines observations were applied consistently throughout data reduction process

Table 2: Material data for FE-modelling [6, among others].
Although the most of these material data (Table 2) are available in the scientific literature, some of them are difficult to define with reference to the investigated hard thin films.
On the basis of these material data the ratio between σtrs and σy for TiN is 0.24.
The only obtainable dynamic friction data refer to the contact between these thin films and steel (µsteel-PVD) [10, among others].
In literature many data regarding the dynamic friction coefficient of HSS against steel itself (µsteel-HSS) are available [11, among others].

This paper take Tianjin for research object, use carbon pinch method, establish the analysis model by the base data of regional energy supply and demand and carbon emission.
Analysis and Discussion The basic data of energy demand and supply of Tianjin as show in Table 1, the left column of the table are carbon emission factors and the supply of coal, oil, gas, clean energy.
Link the data of emission factors from small to large in Table 1 respectively, draw energy supply and demand curves shown in Figure1: Table 1.
The Basic Data of Energy Supply and Demand in Tianjin Energy Resource Emission Factor (tCO2/TJ) Available Resource （1013KJ） Energy Demand Expected Consumption （1013KJ） Emission Limit (105t) coal oil nature gas others Total 105 75 55 0 75 134 7.2 >6.8 >223 Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 Total 37 76 110 223 92.5 405 1073 1570.5 Table 2.
In addition, in initial data, the total emission of three regions is 1570.5×105tCO2, and now it is 1409.8×105tCO2, reduced emission by planning, but costs have increased.

The synthesis of intermetallic Ni-Al nanoparticles by co-reduction approach of several organometallic precursors with sodium naphthelide in non-aqueous solution was studied.
The reduction of an organometallic precursor, nickel (II) acetylacetonate, Ni(Acac)2 as a source of Ni element of the intermetallic, and aluminum trichloride, AlCl3 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution gave a black particles.
Recently, Abe et al. have successfully synthesized by-products free intermetallic phase Pt3Ti nanoparticles by chemical reduction of precursors with sodium naphthalide under inert atmosphere at room temperature [15, 16].
The synthesis method was chemical co-reduction using sodium naphthalide, NaNaph as a chemical reducer under inert condition at room temperature.
The FTIR data were averaged over 32 scans to reduce noises.

The 6061 and 6063 aluminium alloy bumper unit has a weight reduction of 67% compared to the steel ones.
Then the response model for , and E (Fig. 7)were established by data from crash simulation results, which show below, (5) (6) (7) (a) (b) (c) Fig. 7 Response surface modeling of (a), (b)and E (c) relate to t and L The coefficient of determination () in the analysis of variance was used to verify the response of surface fitting degree.
After adopting the material of aluminium alloy, it has a weight reduction of 60% compared to the steel ones (weight 0.68 kg).
As a result, the new crossbeam and crash box satisfy both demands for improvement of crash worthiness and reduction of parts’ weight.
The new design unit can change the whole design of automotive parts for crash energy absorption, and definitely contribute to drastic weight reduction of steel parts.

The results indicate that hot corrosive gas mainly causes the strength reduction because of the degradation of grain boundary region.
Data points are means and standard deviations of a minimum of five specimens.
Data points are the average value of 10 data.
Figure 6 plots the strength data as a function of holding time for hot corrosion tests, at 900oC in the mixed gas as indicated in Table 1.
The solid line is a fit to the data sets, indicating no change of the slope of dynamic fatigue after hot corrosion test.

Based on the rule-of-mixture, there was a very small difference in the experimental and calculated data.
The data of the experimental CTE (3rd segment) in the glass state is shown in Fig. 2.
The experimental data and the prediction from the rule of mixture are shown in Fig. 2.
The experimental data was significantly lower than those based on the rule of mixture.
Although the value based on Schapery’s lower limit is significantly lower than the experimental data, the value from Schapery’s upper limit is a relatively good prediction of the CTEs for ZrW2O8/Matrimid 5292 hybrid.