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Online since: December 2012
Authors: Zhen Chen, Fei Xie, Wen Hua Song, Ling Yue Lv
When a pool fire of single tank took place in tank farm, the 1,2-dichloropropane was heated and gasitied that cause pressurizing, while the mechanical property of 16MnR steel weakened.
It is preferred material to store flammable, explosive, toxic substances. 16MnR steel has stable mechanical properties at room temperature.But the overall performance would change significantly,when the temperature varied, as the following figure shown: Figure.1 Mechanical strength cycle curve of 16MnR steel with varied temperatures B 1,2-dichloropropane 1,2-dichloropropane is transparent liquid from pale yellow to colorless as chloroform at room temperature.It is flammable, toxic, belong to hazard chemicals of class A.
As summarized by Moorehouse and Pritchard [7], typical heat transfer rates to cool surfaces from pool fires vary widely from fuel to fuel.If a tank is engulfed by a sooty engulfing fire,then the tank is effectively surrounded by a black body radiating at the effective flame temperature,and the tank wall temperature may rise to near the flame radiating temperature.Heat fluxes to engulfed targets may vary significantly depending on the size and thermal properties of the object. 1.3 Fire scenario The heating of the tank contents results in energy storage in the tank and pressure rise.The heating of the tank wall and the weakening of the tank are the determining factors for tank failure.
B.The bursting strength of 16MnR steel Because the mechanical property of the steel is affected by the temperature, according to the relevant tests, the relationship figure between the yield strength and the ultimate strength of 16MnR steel of relationship and the temperature is shown in Figure 1.
Firstly,the mechanical properties of 16MnR steel and 1,2 - dichloropropane is introduced.
It is preferred material to store flammable, explosive, toxic substances. 16MnR steel has stable mechanical properties at room temperature.But the overall performance would change significantly,when the temperature varied, as the following figure shown: Figure.1 Mechanical strength cycle curve of 16MnR steel with varied temperatures B 1,2-dichloropropane 1,2-dichloropropane is transparent liquid from pale yellow to colorless as chloroform at room temperature.It is flammable, toxic, belong to hazard chemicals of class A.
As summarized by Moorehouse and Pritchard [7], typical heat transfer rates to cool surfaces from pool fires vary widely from fuel to fuel.If a tank is engulfed by a sooty engulfing fire,then the tank is effectively surrounded by a black body radiating at the effective flame temperature,and the tank wall temperature may rise to near the flame radiating temperature.Heat fluxes to engulfed targets may vary significantly depending on the size and thermal properties of the object. 1.3 Fire scenario The heating of the tank contents results in energy storage in the tank and pressure rise.The heating of the tank wall and the weakening of the tank are the determining factors for tank failure.
B.The bursting strength of 16MnR steel Because the mechanical property of the steel is affected by the temperature, according to the relevant tests, the relationship figure between the yield strength and the ultimate strength of 16MnR steel of relationship and the temperature is shown in Figure 1.
Firstly,the mechanical properties of 16MnR steel and 1,2 - dichloropropane is introduced.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Alena Kalužová, Jan Pěnčík, Libor Matějka
Due to tightening requirements for thermal protection of buildings, the development of new materials with good thermal insulation properties is supported.
Thermal conductivity of materials is not constant, is influenced by many factors.
For this reason we created by isolating a block from secondary raw materials [1], where the emphasis was placed on reducing the value of thermal conductivity coefficient while maintaining mechanical properties applicable for civil engineering.
The weight ratio and the mutual arrangement of layers of binder and filler affects the thermally technical and mechanical properties of composite.
Measurement of physical properties of samples by Isomet instrument was done by a straight probe with a range from 0.04 to 0.30 W / m.K.
Thermal conductivity of materials is not constant, is influenced by many factors.
For this reason we created by isolating a block from secondary raw materials [1], where the emphasis was placed on reducing the value of thermal conductivity coefficient while maintaining mechanical properties applicable for civil engineering.
The weight ratio and the mutual arrangement of layers of binder and filler affects the thermally technical and mechanical properties of composite.
Measurement of physical properties of samples by Isomet instrument was done by a straight probe with a range from 0.04 to 0.30 W / m.K.
Online since: August 2021
Authors: Klára Křížová, Lenka Bodnárová, Rudolf Hela
The paper comments on the influence of various technological factors influencing
the values of elastic modulus.
Characteristic Properties of Concrete The properties of hardened concretes can be divided into four groups based on their mutual features [5]: Mechanical – Concrete compressive strength, flexural strength and shear strength.
Mechanical properties of concrete represent the relation between the mechanical stress and resistance by which the material resists these influences of such stress.
The most significant mechanical properties of concrete are its strength and resistance against deformation [6].
If concrete is influenced only by mechanical stress, the mechanical properties of concrete are described as deformable properties or as strength properties that depend on the behavioural characteristics of the material, thus, if the material keeps its compactness or if it is in the process of failure.
Characteristic Properties of Concrete The properties of hardened concretes can be divided into four groups based on their mutual features [5]: Mechanical – Concrete compressive strength, flexural strength and shear strength.
Mechanical properties of concrete represent the relation between the mechanical stress and resistance by which the material resists these influences of such stress.
The most significant mechanical properties of concrete are its strength and resistance against deformation [6].
If concrete is influenced only by mechanical stress, the mechanical properties of concrete are described as deformable properties or as strength properties that depend on the behavioural characteristics of the material, thus, if the material keeps its compactness or if it is in the process of failure.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: G. Pluvinage, Z. Azari, A. Belalia, A. Rahmani, G.B. Lenkey
Mechanical Properties
3.1 Microhardness
Microhardness varies depending on the sampling areas.
Generally, for the base metal, the microhardness does not change whatever the sampling plans (LR) nor (TR), which means that rolling doesn’t affect this material property, Fig. 7.
Fig. 8: Tensile test of APL 5L X52 steel Table 4: Mechanical Properties of API 5L X52 steel.
Actes Congrés “Dynamical Mechanical Properties and Fracture Dynamics Engineerings Material“, Valtice, Tchécoslovaquie, pp 231-239, Juin, (1983)
Actes Congrés “Dynamical Mechanical Properties and Fracture Dynamics Engineerings Material“, Valtice, Tchécoslovaquie, pp 231-239, Juin, (1983)
Generally, for the base metal, the microhardness does not change whatever the sampling plans (LR) nor (TR), which means that rolling doesn’t affect this material property, Fig. 7.
Fig. 8: Tensile test of APL 5L X52 steel Table 4: Mechanical Properties of API 5L X52 steel.
Actes Congrés “Dynamical Mechanical Properties and Fracture Dynamics Engineerings Material“, Valtice, Tchécoslovaquie, pp 231-239, Juin, (1983)
Actes Congrés “Dynamical Mechanical Properties and Fracture Dynamics Engineerings Material“, Valtice, Tchécoslovaquie, pp 231-239, Juin, (1983)
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Lung Tsai, Yan Cherng Lin, Chun Ho Liu, A Cheng Wang
Setting levels of the controlling factors are displayed in Table 2.
The signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) by Taguchi method was obtained from this orthogonal chart to evaluate the important factors in the experiments.
For understanding the influence of controlling factors, each level of L18 chart was evaluated for the averaging analysis of the S/N ratio.
These amplified S/N ratio easily identifies the important priority of the controlling factors.
Although the controllable factors of rotational speed and abrasive mesh less affect the performance of MFGA in the study, they still to some extent affect the physical behaviors during finishing process.
The signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) by Taguchi method was obtained from this orthogonal chart to evaluate the important factors in the experiments.
For understanding the influence of controlling factors, each level of L18 chart was evaluated for the averaging analysis of the S/N ratio.
These amplified S/N ratio easily identifies the important priority of the controlling factors.
Although the controllable factors of rotational speed and abrasive mesh less affect the performance of MFGA in the study, they still to some extent affect the physical behaviors during finishing process.
Online since: June 2007
Authors: Shui Cheng Yang, Li Song, Feng Tao Wei
Department of Mechanical engineering, Xi'an University of Technology
Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, P.R.China
2.
Based on the crack modeling, the finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate and analyze the displacement field, stress field and stress intensity factors of the cracks under the conditions of warm start, cold start and normal operation, and the residual service life was predicted.
Introduction Header, one of the most important pressure vessels of generator group, directly affects the smooth running of power plant.
And the displacement field, stress field and stress intensity factor of the tip of crack were calculated by Ansys.
Several assumptions and simplifications are as follows for header: (1) The materials of welded seam, header's end cover and barrel are isotropic elasto- plasticity, without regard to creep properties; (2) Component tolerances are not considered; (3) Welding residual stresses have been removed; (4) Crack blunting isn't considered.
Based on the crack modeling, the finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate and analyze the displacement field, stress field and stress intensity factors of the cracks under the conditions of warm start, cold start and normal operation, and the residual service life was predicted.
Introduction Header, one of the most important pressure vessels of generator group, directly affects the smooth running of power plant.
And the displacement field, stress field and stress intensity factor of the tip of crack were calculated by Ansys.
Several assumptions and simplifications are as follows for header: (1) The materials of welded seam, header's end cover and barrel are isotropic elasto- plasticity, without regard to creep properties; (2) Component tolerances are not considered; (3) Welding residual stresses have been removed; (4) Crack blunting isn't considered.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Jian Wei Sun, Li Qin Wang, Le Gu
The degrees of three fillers affecting the wear of composites were CF>FG>SG, and that affecting the friction coefficient were SG>CF>FG.
Yang [3] et al. found that carbon fiber can reduce the friction and wear of PTFE based composites, while the mechanical properties of composites decreased with more graphite filler.
Each factor chooses four levels: 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.%, and the interactions among the three factors are not considered.
The factors with larger R are more important than that with smaller R.
The degrees of three fillers affecting the wear of composites were CF>FG>SG.
Yang [3] et al. found that carbon fiber can reduce the friction and wear of PTFE based composites, while the mechanical properties of composites decreased with more graphite filler.
Each factor chooses four levels: 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.%, and the interactions among the three factors are not considered.
The factors with larger R are more important than that with smaller R.
The degrees of three fillers affecting the wear of composites were CF>FG>SG.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Zheng Huan Hu, Bao Yu Wang, Jiang Hua Huang, Jin Ping Liu
Has high temperature resistance corrosion, wear-resistant properties.
A single factor method was adopt to study the temperature of 4Cr9Si2 steel during cross-wedge rolling, which namely change one factor and fix other factors respectively.
As the same time, the microstructures also will uneven due to temperature difference and thus affect the mechanical properties.
So, in order to control defeats and improve mechanical properties of product in CWR technique, it is necessary to control the rolled piece temperature difference.
So higher die temperature will greatly increase the rolled piece temperature uniformity, thereby reducing the product defects and improving the mechanical properties.
A single factor method was adopt to study the temperature of 4Cr9Si2 steel during cross-wedge rolling, which namely change one factor and fix other factors respectively.
As the same time, the microstructures also will uneven due to temperature difference and thus affect the mechanical properties.
So, in order to control defeats and improve mechanical properties of product in CWR technique, it is necessary to control the rolled piece temperature difference.
So higher die temperature will greatly increase the rolled piece temperature uniformity, thereby reducing the product defects and improving the mechanical properties.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: Sergio Neves Monteiro, Veronica Scarpini Candido, Carlos Mauricio Fontes Vieira, Juliana Simões Chagas Licurgo
The reduction in porosity contributes to improve the technological properties by reducing the water absorption and increasing the mechanical strength [7].
Until recent years the commercialization was not much affected whether the bricks comply or not with specifications.
Therefore, the objective of this work was to improve the technological properties of a local clay ceramic incorporated with glass polishing sludge and the fired at 900°C.
This promising result can also be attributed to the fluxing action of the GPS, which reduces the porosity and, consequently, improves the mechanical properties [7].
These factors are associated with the modern concept of a sustainable development that, in addition to the aforementioned advantages, also saves the clay as an important natural resource.
Until recent years the commercialization was not much affected whether the bricks comply or not with specifications.
Therefore, the objective of this work was to improve the technological properties of a local clay ceramic incorporated with glass polishing sludge and the fired at 900°C.
This promising result can also be attributed to the fluxing action of the GPS, which reduces the porosity and, consequently, improves the mechanical properties [7].
These factors are associated with the modern concept of a sustainable development that, in addition to the aforementioned advantages, also saves the clay as an important natural resource.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: K. Senthilkumaran, N. Arivazhagan, Antony Kurian, T. Rohit
The major factors which affect the SLS are laser power, scan speed, layer thickness and spot width.
The entire laser sintering process is based on the property of absorptivity.
The factors which affect the absorption of heat energy are the wavelength of the laser beam, the powder material, homogeneity in the particle size, density of the powder, constituent of the powder.
The properties such as evaporation & radiation are neglected during the modelling hence in the future all the factors has to be considered to get a real time study results.
Yasa: part and material properties in selective laser melting of metals. 16th International Symposium on Electro Machining
The entire laser sintering process is based on the property of absorptivity.
The factors which affect the absorption of heat energy are the wavelength of the laser beam, the powder material, homogeneity in the particle size, density of the powder, constituent of the powder.
The properties such as evaporation & radiation are neglected during the modelling hence in the future all the factors has to be considered to get a real time study results.
Yasa: part and material properties in selective laser melting of metals. 16th International Symposium on Electro Machining