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Online since: January 2014
Authors: Yun Gang Li, Hui Li
Each grain is made up of a number of unit cells with the same phase.
And between the grains there is difference in phases.
As the grains’ phases are random, the anisotropy among the grains is cancelled out.
Neighboring grains soon meet each other and can not continue growing.
So the shape of the crystal grains is close to a ball, which is called equiaxial crystal. the grain size is evener, the aspect ratio is small.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Sergey Malopheyev, Rustam Kaibyshev, Vladislav Kulitskiy
However, there are a limited number of studies dealt with the effect of rolling reduction on anisotropy of these alloys.
Moderate dislocation density (r~1013 m-2) was found in grain interiors.
The fraction of recrystallized grains (~2%) remained unchanged.
The fraction of the fine recrystallized grains increased to ~11%.
At the same time, there is a number of grains oriented between C component at φ2~0o (Fig.3).
Online since: October 2010
Authors: C.H. Chen, J.J. Kai, F.R. Chen, Y. Katoh
There are faulted β-SiC grains.
Due to the smaller grain size of fibers with more nucleation sites, there is greater radiation stability.
The helium and hydrogen atoms widely distributed over the high density of grain boundary.
Consequently, both the number density and the size of the helium bubbles (II) are greater than that of (I).
This phenomenon could be ceased by rearranging implantation energy. 4) The average size of helium bubbles at grain boundary was much larger than that near the grain. 5) The higher irradiation temperature can aid the formation of helium bubbles in the HNS fiber.
Online since: December 2016
Authors: Guo Cai Chai
The S-N curves use the applied stress amplitude versus number of cycles.
The local strain of each individual grain could be mapped through the image analysis of all the grains [9].
Grain structure, black lines are grain boundary, red lines are twin boundary, and white points are the misorietations with angles less than 10°, (b).
Grain A has an [011] orientation and has higher amount of LAGB.
They got impinged with the grain boundaries.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Jun Wang, Shan Zhang, Zhi Zhen Liu, Yu Shan Lu, Fei Ma, Long Xiang
If we make the number of helix between the start seed and end seed which winds the stem as numerator and the total seeds as the denominator, we can get the following sequence 1/2, 1/3, 2/5, 3/8, 5/13, 8/21, …Fn/Fn+2…, about 90% of the plants belong to this phyllotaxis [4].
It is not difficult to find that the total leaves and the number of phyllotaxis turn are the Fibonacci sequence [5].
(a) The grinding wheel (b) The local amplification  Fig.2 The model of grinding wheel with abrasive phyllotactic pattern Matrix Grains ϕ300 Grains 15 Fabrication of the Electroplated CBN Grinding Wheel with Abrasive Phyllotactic Pattern Fabrication Process.
The coating thickness needs to be reached about 60% of the grain diameter.
Simulation for optimizing grain pattern on engineered grinding tools[J], Annals of the CIRP, 2008, 57: 353–356 [4] Qi Lulu.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Peng Li, Jie Liu
There are phoenix and rosefinch grain eaves tile in Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty.
The Olympic colors, blue, black, yellow, green, and red are used, corresponding to the white tiger grain eaves tile in western Han dynasty, Tsing Lung grain eaves tile, Tortoise grain eaves tile, Rosefinch grain eaves tile and the Qin Rosefinch grain eaves tile.
In 2012, 60 years anniversary of Phenix company, we are aware that they take the idea of combination of phoenix and numbers in their commercial promoting post on their website.
We can easily figure out that they mix the figure of phoenix with number "6", combining "0" and "Phoenix pattern".
The perfect combination of number and phoenix gives us a clear feeling that the two elements are independently integrated.
Online since: January 2011
Authors: Min Zhou, Ananda Barua
The idealized microstructures consist of (figures not shown): (a) randomly distributed diamond-shaped grains with normal distributions of grain size and grain volume fraction h = 0.42 – 0.74; (b) randomly distributed spherical grains with a normal distribution of grain size and grain volume fraction h = 0.69; and (c) randomly distributed spherical grains with a bimodal distribution of size and grain volume fraction h = 0.69.
Grain-grain interactions generally occur over localized regions such as sharp corners of grains.
In case of B and C hindered grain-matrix debonding appears to enhance the tendency for grain-grain interactions to occur.
Grain morphology is found to affect the ease of debonding at the grain-matrix interface.
Consequently, frictional heating due to grain-grain interaction is higher in the latter case.
Online since: January 2017
Authors: Hu Die Yuan, Yun Tang, Hong Feng Yin, Yang Li Tian, Jin Xue Chen
A large number of pores existed in oxide layers which leading to a poor oxidation resistance.
For Ti3SiC2 matrix composites, rutile grains in oxidation layers were refined due to the introduction of the second phase.
For Ti3SiC2 matrix composites, rutile grains in oxidation layers were refined due to the introduction of the second phase.
The other dark region was SiO2 which combined with rutile grains to form a compact protective layer (C region).
A large number of pores were existed in oxide layers which leading to a poor oxidation resistance. 2) For Ti3SiC2 matrix composites, rutile grains in oxidation layers were refined due to the introduction of the second phase.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Hiroshi Abe, Virginie Francon, Marion Fregonese, Yutaka Watanabe
Further deformation, up to 8% of plastic strain at 10-3 s-1, leads to an increase of the number of prismatic dislocations (Fig. 2-a).
Grain boundaries are shown with dotted lines.
Anyway, the increase of internal stresses with plastic deformation has often been related to strain incompatibilities between grains because of the anisotropic behavior of Zircaloy-4 and limited number of slip systems [4,5].
Strain incompatibilities between grains can therefore account for pseudo-cleavage activation on strain-hardened Zircaloy-4, because of dislocation number increase.
Moreover, in grains primarily well oriented for prismatic slip, further deformation becomes harder due to strain-hardening induced dislocation number increase, which is about to limit plastic accommodation for fluting, and enhance cleavage-like cracking.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Peng Liu, Ying Chen, Zhi Wu Yu, Juan Tan
The grain size and framework SiO2/Al2O3 ratios decreased with reducing the alkalinity of synthetic system.
The nano-NaY products with the grain size at a range of 82-105 nm and the framework SiO2/Al2O3 ratios at 3.9-4.0 could be synthesized by optimizing the synthesis conditions.
(1) (2) Where (mol) is the number of framework aluminum within each unit cell and a0 (Å) is cell constants.
When the alkalinity x(nNa2O/Al2O3)=6.30, nano-NaY products with the average grain size at a range of 82~105 nm and the framework SiO2/Al2O3 ratios at 3.9~4.0 can be synthesized.
Funding acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 51278496 and 51378506].
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