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Chemically, biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters (FAMEs) which are produced from a broad range of oil materials, such as vegetable oils, animal fats and waste oil[3].
They based on the acid anion catalyzed by acidic Ionic Liquid catalyst for high activity than other acidic Ionic Liquid, bisulfate anion main root, raw materials readily available.
Jin: The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering Vol. 7 (2007), p. 1144 [18] M.
Wang: Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress Vol. 29 (2010), p. 638 [27] S.
Fang: The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering Vol. 11 (2011), p. 153 [33] Y.

Enhanced Humidity Sensing Properties of Sn-Doped ZnO Nanostructures on AZO/PET Substrates via Sol-Gel Immersion Method Shahirah Ahmad Kamal1,a, Nor Diyana Md Sin2,b*, Mohamad Hafiz Mamat2,c, Mohamad Zhafran Hussin2,d, Fatimah Khairiah Abd Hamid2,e, Mohd Hanapiah Abdullah3,f and Noor Asnida Asli4,g 1NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Johor Kampus Pasir Gudang, 81750 Masai, Johor, Malaysia 3Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 4NANO-SciTech Lab, Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Centre, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia ashahirahsak@gmail.com, b*diyana0366@uitm.edu.my, cmhmamat@uitm.edu.my, dmzhafran@uitm.edu.my, efatimahkhairiah@uitm.edu.my, fhanapiah801@uitm.edu.my, gasnida1462@uitm.edu.my
An ideal humidity sensor should have key characteristics, such as minimal hysteresis, strong thermal stability, high sensitivity, fast response, and quick recovery.
Notably, metal oxides commonly used as doping materials include Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu), Indium (In), and Tin (Sn) [12,13].
Kumar, Organic humidity sensors with different materials and its application in environment monitoring, in: 2018 5th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON), IEEE, 2018, pp. 1–6
Zeng, Material characteristics and electrochemical performance of Sn-doped ZnO spherical-particle photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells, Electrochim.

Acharya2,b and Raviraja Adhikari3,c* 1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, 576104, India 2Department of Orthopedics Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, 576104, India 3Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, 576104, India aashwin.devaraj@manipal.edu, bkiran.acharya@manipal.edu, cravi.adhikari@manipal.edu Keywords: Meniscal tear, biomechanics, finite element analysis, Experimental study, longitudinal tear, radial tear.
Summary of the literature related to Experimental studies Study Year Age Number of Subjects Condition Method Key findings Jones et al. [28] 1996 62 (45-83) 12 Bucket handle or Longitudinal tear in MM (middle one-third) 3 TIMES BW, strain gauges At 300 flexion, there was a greater rise in strain in the posterior portion (1.83-3%) compared with that in the middle (3-3.83%) and anterior (3-2.67%) portions.
However, it fails to take into account the variation of the material properties within the soft tissues [28].
Vail, “Biomechanical Factors in Tissue Engineered Meniscal Repair,” Clin.
Engineering, “The Consequences of Meniscectomy,” J Bone Jt.

Design Optimisation of Passenger Car Hood Panels for Improved Pedestrian Protection Revathi Krishnamoorthy1,a, Monir Takla2,b, , Aleksandar Subic3,c and Derek Scott4,d 15 Tarwin Avenue, Hampton East, Victoria 3188, Australia. 2,3School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71 Bundoora VIC 3083, Melbourne Australia. 4Mail Point HG03, GPO Box 1714 Melbourne, Victoria 3001 Australia.
Thus, safety considerations in vehicle design have become a key consideration in the car industry.
The pedestrian protection head impact condition was simulated using LS DYNA–3D Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software.
Effects of hood material and inner hood structure variations on HIC values It is evident that HIC values below the threshold value can be obtained with all inner hood structures either with steel or aluminium materials.
Further refinement indicated that steel was the preferred choice of material for the hood assembly to obtain robust and homogeneous head impact performance with minimal deformation compared to other materials.

Synthesis of a new semiconductor compound [(C5S5H3CH2O)4Ni](FeCp2)0.84 Yan-bing Zhang1,a, Ting Zhang 2,a, Xian-li Yang3,b , Wen-tao Zhang 3,b, Xiao-jing Wang 1,c* 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021 2 Bureau of Education of Tongliao，Tongliao,028000 3 Chemistry College, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028043 a email: bbzyb@163.com, b email: zwt1944@163.com,cemail: wangxiaojing@hotmail.com Key words: Semiconductor, Tetrathiafulvalene derivatives, Charge-transfer coordination compounds Abstract.
Remove acetone with vacuum distillation and then obtain the viscous material.
Put the material into the mixture solution composed of 40ml methanol, 40ml of ammonia and 3.4028g (25mmol) zinc chloride.

Modern industrial zone landscape establishment of industrial behavior orientation Chaojun Chen 1, a, Yaozhi Huang 2,b 1 Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Jiang Su, China ahanxing4569@hotmail.com, bhpxxx007@163.com Key word: Modern industrial zone; public environment; landscape Abstract: Modern industrial zone landscape establishment is the idealized image form of high-tech industrial complex; landscape is one of the most important parts which involve industrial zone environment as well as practitioners working efficiency.
Modern high-tech industry do not like traditional industries that consume large quantities of raw materials, products are often small in volume, Industrial production and warehousing logistics zone takes little proportions in Industrial zone, but the it has disaster prevention and reduction and isolation shielding requirements[8].
The master's degree of civil engineer institute. ( In Chinese) [9] XueXiang Pang.

Energy Storage Technologies in Renewable Energy Electricity Generation System Cao Rui 1,a and Yang Zilong1,b 1Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China acaorui@mail.iee.ac.cn, byangzl@mail.iee.ac.cn Keywords: renewable energy generation; mechanical energy storage; electrochemical energy storage Abstract.
It adopts alloy materials which can absorb hydrogen to replace cadmium (Cd), the negative material in nickel-cadmium battery, the voltage is 1.2V.
As sulphur is an insulator, sulphur is generally filled in conductive and multihole carbon or graphite felt, solid electrolyte and diaphragm is a conductive sodion of a ceramic material, stainless steel or other metal materials are generally adopted for shell.
To show valence change of active materials can realize electric energy storage.
Redox flow battery technology.Progress in Chemistry,2009(11) [4]Kyung S K,McKenzie K J,Liu Y L,et al.A study on applications of energy storage for the wind power operation in power systems [C].IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,Montréal Québec,Canada,2006

However, researches about morphology structure health condition of lake basin not only reveal the potential health condition of lake system, but help to identify the key factors which leads to lake ecological degradation [15].
Therefore, the process in both water and sediment is not only material basis and power to shape basin geometry, but a source to maintain its vitality.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41071067); the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(11JJ6027) ;key disciplines construction of Hunan Province (physical geography)and key disciplines construction of Hunan Normal University (Human geography).
Environmental Engineering, 2004,22（1）: 61-63.

Additionally, bamboo offers a low-cost, sustainable alternative for construction in areas where conventional materials are expensive and/or difficult to obtain.
However, the structural behaviour of bamboo is not nearly as well understood as more conventional construction materials, which results in the use of bamboo often being relegated to non- and marginally-engineered construction.
Chan, Column buckling of structural bamboo, Engineering Structures. 25 (2003) 755-768
Chan, Axial buckling of bamboo columns in bamboo scaffolds, Engineering Structures, 27 (2005) 61-73
Paciornik, Bamboo: Functionally Graded Composite Material, Asian Journal of Civil Engineers. 4 (2003) 1-10

Bond behavior of aluminum laminates in NSM technique Ji-Hua Zhu1,a Miaochang Zhu1 Liangliang Wei1 Weiwen Li1 and Feng Xing1 1College of Civil Engineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory on Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China 518060 a.
In Proceedings of the twelfth international conference of composite materials 1999; 12
Construction and Building Materials 2009; 23(4): 1555-1567
Construction and Building Materials 2012; 29: 175-182
[9] American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM).