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The conclusion shows that with an accurate dynamic model, simulation results and test results are neighborhood data, the simulation model can be used to help realizing the ultimate goal of better shift quality with higher efficiency, lower shift loads and improved shifting comfort.
TC2t=TEt-IE∙aEt TC1t=0 (3) For the purpose of assisting slip control of the clutch and reducing the impact of shifting, an Engine Management System (EMS) is needed to receive the torque reduction signal as well as the quantitative value from transmission ECU through CAN-bus.
The target value of engine torque reduction can be calculated by Eq. 4.
Due to the combined effect of the engine torque reduction and the clutch torque increase, the engine speed is pulled down to the 4th gear speed line, see graph (b).
Therefore only the control of clutch torque reduction is used here; second, if the engine torque stays high, the speed synchronization process will be adversely affected.

The use of severe shear deformation, with imposed hydrostatic pressure, allows a reduction in the range of compaction temperatures compare to those used in conventional practice.
Fig. 1(b) includes data for hardness (HV) vs temperature.
XRD measurements showed evidence of significant plastic deformation and increased dislocation density, which is consistent with the observed reduction in the size and density of pores.
With increasing stress, the surface tension decreases and the pore cannot sustain local equilibrium, resulting in pore collapse and volume reduction.
a b Fig. 3 Evidence of increased deformation activity during compaction at 400ºC (a) average crystallite size and relative lattice distortion versus back pressure; (b) bright-field TEM image and electron diffraction pattern of typical microstructure of compact (BP = 350MPa) Summary It has been shown that the use of ECAE with imposed hydrostatic pressure permits a reduction in the range of compaction temperatures required for consolidation of Ti-6Al-4V powder compared to those used in conventional practice.

Energy efficient building shows significant savings to homeowners including costs reduction from energy, water, waste, and lower operations and maintenance costs.
Real et al. [3] reported that structural LWAC provided higher thermal insulation than normal weight concrete and had a reduction of 39 - 53% in the thermal conductivity when compared with NWC.
Although some researches regarding thermal properties of LWA have been conducted, there are little data attention when LWA partially replace normal weight aggregate (NWA) in concrete.
The simulation results of OpenStudio and annual heat loss calculation clearly manifests that the concrete containing lightweight aggregate has good energy conservation effect due to thermal conductivity reduction caused by replacing normal weight aggregate with LWA.
Bogas, “Contribution of structural lightweight aggregate concrete to the reduction of thermal bridging effect in buildings”, Contr.

The reduction of inset at the liner, the new profile at circumferential edge inner liner and the increase in the femoral head diameter can be considered as a guideline for new design of the artificial hip joint for Muslim.
Based on population census data conducted by BPS Statistic Indonesia in 2010, Indonesia has the largest number of Muslim in the world.
First idea is the reduction of the inset of the polyethylene liner.
However, the problem emerges, that is the reduction in the thickness of the UHMWPE liner as a consequence of the larger head.
Reduction of inset at the liner, the new profile at circumferential edge inner liner and the increase of the head diameter are offered as solutions.

The material data that is required as model input, such as tension and shear properties, can either be obtained by experimental or virtual tests.
Thus, computational models, which are set up with pure material input data without any couplings (shear, tension, bending), fail in predicting the correct forming behaviour.
Nguyen et al. examined compaction tests on a mesoscale model of a woven fabric to achieve the resulting compacted geometry and data about the pressure needed for compaction [5].
Additionally, a forming geometry has to be developed, where the improved input data results in a more accurate simulation of the drapability.
Numerical drape simulations of this preforming process have to be performed with and without the improved material input data to proof the eligibility of these examinations.

The use of the FDD (Frequency Domain Decomposition) method to determine the extent of damage and the location of damage in the entire structure through less measured data is a more efficient way because of less expense.
In this study, the natural frequency was estimated using measured time history data.
Table 5 Integrity index according to the damage index The damage index(Df) Degree Measures Df <0.5 A A1 Stable structure 0.5 ≤ Df <0.75 A2 Continuous monitoring 0.75 ≤ Df B or higher Conducting detailed inspection Conclusions As a result of comparison with simulate analysis and FDD method, the exposed phenomenon as results of the structural damage was found to the stiffness reduction.
And then, the stiffness reduction was led to the reduction of the natural frequency and the change of mode shape.
The damage index was confirmed by grasping the natural frequency of steel structure, it is expected as utilization of the basic data in evaluating the safety of the structure according to the damage index quantitatively.

Introduction Recycling of industrial and construction waste in structural layers could make a significant contribution to fulfil specific aims of EU priorities in the field of civil engineering and, in particular, in the following areas: reduction of energy and raw material consumption e.g.
Müllerová [1], rational use of natural resources [2], pollution reduction, nature conservation and the reduction of unemployment is subject of many actual studies.
It is determined from data regarding dry density, or another derived parameters, e.g. deformation parameters of soil.
Data from the Impact Soil Tester can therefore be used in a similar manner to results from CBR tests performed in the laboratory and in the field.
We ascertained, that based on obtained correlation data of Evd with CIV (Eq. 3), the Clegg test, if accepted with scientific public, can be utilized as alternative dynamic impact test

Step 3: data sources and data acquisition, dynamic index static processing and standardized treatment The premise of integrative hubs layout planning is to acquire data according to indexes determined by evaluation index system.
Because most index can be quantified, data are from related statistics department and traffic management department.
Then through the min-max standardization method treatment, linear transformation is done, the data are fall into interval [0-100].
Step 1: data sources and data collection and dynamic index static processing First data of index determined by evaluation system are collected.
Step 2:standardized treatment Then through the min -max standardization method treatment, linear transformation is done, the data gained from the first step are fall into interval [0-100].

An equally important endeavour is the development of algorithms to manipulate that data in objective ways to extract quantitative measures of microstructure.
The most obvious quantitative processing of EBSD data includes contouring and colour coded displays of orientation on pole and inverse pole figures.
If a formal statistical test of similarity is required, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test should be used on data cast in cumulative histograms [5].
It should be noted that there are some problems calculating boundary lengths on gridded data.
Our point here though is that boundary density vs. misorientation constitutes basic data upon which to build models for microstructural development.

Several simulations are presented in this document include the use of smart meters, reducing CO2 emissions, reduction of peak hours, reactive power compensation, tariff simulation, verification of the PMA and PMD. 1.
The audit is carried out in three phases: Collects data (consumption, invoices, plant type, maps ... etc), data analysis, solutions and recommendations with accurate evaluation of the cost and profitability of the various actions proposed.
Statistical and analytical survey consumption is presented; simulations and recommendations judged useful for that brickyard are exposed such as: Improving energy efficiency by using the technique of Smart Grids; Reduction of CO2 emissions; Simulation tariff [7, 8.13]; reduction of peak hours [11]; Effect of 3 x 8 operation mode on gas consumption; Compensation of reactive energy [10,12]; Verification of the PMA and PMD. 2.
STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION 4.1 ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION: Consumption data of electrical energy are given in Table I and the following graphs: This representation shows that the consumption of reactive energy is larger than the active energy and exceeds the permissible SONELGAZ tgφ corresponding to 0.5(tgφ = 0.5 [8.10], whereas the ratio tgφ = 1, 77 during the year 2003.