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Online since: June 2014
Authors: Mohamed S. Boutoudj, Hocine Tebbiche
The data acquisition was made by the mean of Pulse software™ developed by Brüel & Kjær for Sound and Vibration Measurement.
Pressure coefficient distribution versus X/L, α=13, Experimental data, - - CFD.
The validation of the numerical results was undertaken by overlaying the evolution both numerical and experimental data; good agreement is noted between the two curves (refer to Fig. 4).
Only a compromise involving the lift increase and a drag reduction can help as for the choice of the optimal configuration to be retained.
The same observation is reported as for the profit related to the reduction of the drag; a maximum of -11.1% is recorded by the same experiment.
Pressure coefficient distribution versus X/L, α=13, Experimental data, - - CFD.
The validation of the numerical results was undertaken by overlaying the evolution both numerical and experimental data; good agreement is noted between the two curves (refer to Fig. 4).
Only a compromise involving the lift increase and a drag reduction can help as for the choice of the optimal configuration to be retained.
The same observation is reported as for the profit related to the reduction of the drag; a maximum of -11.1% is recorded by the same experiment.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Hui Jie Zhang, Chen Wang, Hong Guang Sun, Yan Wen Li, Wei Zhou Guan
Suppose there are sufficient data, we expect each data point to lie on or close to a locally linear subspace of the manifold [2], and this point of view is precisely coincident with the conception of manifold.
To recognize one class to one of the training classes, the most effective solution belongs to finding the common views and then measuring the similarity of those data sets [5].
Provided there are m local linear subspaces , where denotes a data matrix of the i-th subspace with an image in each column.
The dimension of PCA is set to preserve about 95% of data energy.
MMD concerns with matching image sets in the original data space [5].
To recognize one class to one of the training classes, the most effective solution belongs to finding the common views and then measuring the similarity of those data sets [5].
Provided there are m local linear subspaces , where denotes a data matrix of the i-th subspace with an image in each column.
The dimension of PCA is set to preserve about 95% of data energy.
MMD concerns with matching image sets in the original data space [5].
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Alexander P. Ilyin, Andrei V. Mostovshchikov, Nadezhda S. Barabash
Reduction of heat of sublimation of silver chloride with excess of chloride ions is explained by absence of silver solid surface film and catalytic effect of silver klasters formed during the process of irradiation.
According to the data of microanalysis ratio between silver and chloride: 1.045:1 for sample AgCl-1 and 1.029:1 for sample AgCl-2 Summary According to the experiments, crystals of silver chloride were differed depending on synthesis conditions: silver chloride synthesized in excess of silver ions was characterized by heat of sublimation about 6813 J/g, what meant that its heat of sublimation rises by 1.8 times.
Reduction of heat of sublimation of silver chloride with excess of chloride ions was explained by absence of the solid surface film of silver and catalytic effect of silver klasters formed during the process of irradiation.
According to the data of microanalysis ratio between silver and chloride: 1.045:1 for sample AgCl-1 and 1.029:1 for sample AgCl-2 Summary According to the experiments, crystals of silver chloride were differed depending on synthesis conditions: silver chloride synthesized in excess of silver ions was characterized by heat of sublimation about 6813 J/g, what meant that its heat of sublimation rises by 1.8 times.
Reduction of heat of sublimation of silver chloride with excess of chloride ions was explained by absence of the solid surface film of silver and catalytic effect of silver klasters formed during the process of irradiation.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Jun Ning Chen, Yan Zhou, Zheng Ping Li, Qun Ling Yu, Na Bai, Rui Xing Li
An offset reduction technique for latch type sense amplifier in high performance and high density SRAM
Qunling Yu1, a, Na Bai2,b , Yan Zhou3,c, Ruixing Li4,d, Junning Chen5,e and Zhengping Li6,*
1,3,4,5,6 Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and IC Design,
Anhui University, Hefei, China
2 National ASIC System Engineering Research Center, Southeast University
Nanjing, China
ayuqunling_ad6@126.com, bbaina@seu.edu.cn, czy_yannay@163.com, dliruixinglg@163.com, ejnchen@ahu.edu.cn, *ccdd@ustc.edu(Corresponding Author)
Keywords: Offset, sense amplifier, SRAM, standard deviation, latch type, high performance, high density.
In this field, high performance and high density on chip SRAMs are essential to reduce data processing time and minimize chip cost.
Fig. 2 Schematics of typical latch-type sense amplifiers The proposed offset reduction technique is applied on the two topologies.
Conclusions In this paper, a new offset reduction technique has been proposed.
In this field, high performance and high density on chip SRAMs are essential to reduce data processing time and minimize chip cost.
Fig. 2 Schematics of typical latch-type sense amplifiers The proposed offset reduction technique is applied on the two topologies.
Conclusions In this paper, a new offset reduction technique has been proposed.
Online since: September 2015
Authors: Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, Mohd Taufiq Ishak, Nur Aqilah Mohamad, Robiah Yunus, Z. Yaakub, J. Jasni, N. Azis
Result and Data Analysis
AC Breakdown Voltage
It is observed that there is no significant reduction of AC breakdown voltages after ageing as seen in Fig. 1.
The range of the relative permittivity throughout the ageing duration is between 2.79 and 2.81.Only RBDPOE shows a slight reduction of relative permittivity at the ageing duration of 3 days with the percentage of decrement of 0.7%.
After 3 days of ageing,RBDPOCshow a slight decrement of resistivity with the percentage of reduction of 1%.
Conclusion There is no significant reduction of AC breakdown voltage for all RBDPO samples after ageing for this study.
RBDPOB and RBDPOD show a slight reduction trend of dielectric dissipation factor.
The range of the relative permittivity throughout the ageing duration is between 2.79 and 2.81.Only RBDPOE shows a slight reduction of relative permittivity at the ageing duration of 3 days with the percentage of decrement of 0.7%.
After 3 days of ageing,RBDPOCshow a slight decrement of resistivity with the percentage of reduction of 1%.
Conclusion There is no significant reduction of AC breakdown voltage for all RBDPO samples after ageing for this study.
RBDPOB and RBDPOD show a slight reduction trend of dielectric dissipation factor.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Tao Wu, Jun He, Hai Tao Zhao, Sam Kingman, Kai Qi Shi, Di Shen, Yi Yun Zhang
Cost-effective and sustainable technologies for the reduction of such pollutants from flue gas have become increasingly important nowadays.
However, even though numerous attempts have been made aiming at developing technologies for the removal of SOx and NOx, not much effort has been made on the simultaneous conversion of NOx and SOx in flue gas via selective catalytic reduction.
The experiments on the selective reduction of SO2 and NO were carried out using a multi-functional catalyst testing rig with an online flue gas analyser.
To mitigate the problems caused by SOx and NOx, numerous attempts have been made to develop technologies for the reduction of SOx and NOx emissions.
The weight percentage of CuO in the prepared catalyst is 4.9%, which is calculated by using the adiabatic method with the data (RIRCuO =2.5).
However, even though numerous attempts have been made aiming at developing technologies for the removal of SOx and NOx, not much effort has been made on the simultaneous conversion of NOx and SOx in flue gas via selective catalytic reduction.
The experiments on the selective reduction of SO2 and NO were carried out using a multi-functional catalyst testing rig with an online flue gas analyser.
To mitigate the problems caused by SOx and NOx, numerous attempts have been made to develop technologies for the reduction of SOx and NOx emissions.
The weight percentage of CuO in the prepared catalyst is 4.9%, which is calculated by using the adiabatic method with the data (RIRCuO =2.5).
Online since: September 2018
Authors: R.L. Roman, E.M. Turmena, L. Nagi, L.L. Silva, S.C. Fernandes, J. Dal Magro, J.M.M. Mello, Márcio Antônio Fiori
In turn, glyphosate inhibits the activity of HRP and causes a reduction of the electric current density in the biosensor electrode.
Parameters were set to 1.0 V and recorded for a total time of 900 s with data recording interval of 0.5 s.
HRP immobilisation The two step procedure aiming enzyme immobilization was performed by potentiostatic voltammetry in reduction direction.
Fig. 3. a) Reduction performed for 240 seconds at – 0.5 V (vs.
There was a significant reduction of current density peak around – 0.55 V in according with the addition of the interferer.
Parameters were set to 1.0 V and recorded for a total time of 900 s with data recording interval of 0.5 s.
HRP immobilisation The two step procedure aiming enzyme immobilization was performed by potentiostatic voltammetry in reduction direction.
Fig. 3. a) Reduction performed for 240 seconds at – 0.5 V (vs.
There was a significant reduction of current density peak around – 0.55 V in according with the addition of the interferer.
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Zhi Hui Ding, Xiang Feng Shen, Shi Yu Du, Qi Huang Deng, Qing Huang
The optimum parameter for microwave sintering is 1320°C for 1h, which is about 300°C lower than conventional carbonization reduction to obtain ZrB2 powders.
The precursor was sintered in a high-vacuum microwave furnace (HAMiLab-HV3, SYNOTHERM co., Changsha, China) at 1300°C–1400°C under Ar atmosphere at a heating rate of 20°C/min below 1100°C and then 10°C/min up to the target temperature by the High-temperature boro/carbothermal reduction reaction method.
According to the XRD data results of phase analysis, ZrB2 can be synthesized at 1100°C, which is below the theoretical temperature of transition.
This temperature is about 300°C lower than conventional carbonization reduction to obtain ZrB2 powders.
HWANG, Preparation of TiB2 and ZrB2. influence of a mechano-chemical treatment on the borothermic reduction of titania and zirconia, Journal of Materials Science 31(1996) 351-355
The precursor was sintered in a high-vacuum microwave furnace (HAMiLab-HV3, SYNOTHERM co., Changsha, China) at 1300°C–1400°C under Ar atmosphere at a heating rate of 20°C/min below 1100°C and then 10°C/min up to the target temperature by the High-temperature boro/carbothermal reduction reaction method.
According to the XRD data results of phase analysis, ZrB2 can be synthesized at 1100°C, which is below the theoretical temperature of transition.
This temperature is about 300°C lower than conventional carbonization reduction to obtain ZrB2 powders.
HWANG, Preparation of TiB2 and ZrB2. influence of a mechano-chemical treatment on the borothermic reduction of titania and zirconia, Journal of Materials Science 31(1996) 351-355
Online since: February 2013
Authors: Fauziah Shahul Hamid, Chijioke Uche Emenike, Periatamby Agamuthu
Total organic carbon (TOC) across the amendments showed reduction in value; 47% in TS (tea and sugarcane bagasse), whereas 25% in TS6M (Tea + sugarcane bagasse + 6 microbes) and 68% in TS3M (tea bagasse + 3 microbes).
The process often results into mass reduction, a shorter time of processing and generation of high levels of humus with reduced phytotoxicity.
The data revealed significant decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) at the end of experiments duration across the treatments.
Table 3 showed reductions in worm weight across the treatments but was more pronounced in the TS3M treatment.
However, Figure 1 might explain that the reduction in worm weight is a reflection of faster degradation.
The process often results into mass reduction, a shorter time of processing and generation of high levels of humus with reduced phytotoxicity.
The data revealed significant decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) at the end of experiments duration across the treatments.
Table 3 showed reductions in worm weight across the treatments but was more pronounced in the TS3M treatment.
However, Figure 1 might explain that the reduction in worm weight is a reflection of faster degradation.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Daria Petrosova, Nikita Mironov
To make recommendations on the data obtained.
The most suitable temperature reduction ∆tnrin = 2 ° C (trin = 20 ° C to 18 ° C).
Heat savings from reducing its ΔQc holiday weekend is defined by expression (3): , (3) where b – reduction of duration of heat supply in the non-working days, days. / wk.
The reduction in air temperature in the premises after hours is selected in accordance with the recommendations of the formula (2).
Tentatively we can take ∆tin = 1-1,5 ° C (the experimental data). [6, 19-21] Example of calculation Let us calculate an administrative building in Yekaterinburg.
The most suitable temperature reduction ∆tnrin = 2 ° C (trin = 20 ° C to 18 ° C).
Heat savings from reducing its ΔQc holiday weekend is defined by expression (3): , (3) where b – reduction of duration of heat supply in the non-working days, days. / wk.
The reduction in air temperature in the premises after hours is selected in accordance with the recommendations of the formula (2).
Tentatively we can take ∆tin = 1-1,5 ° C (the experimental data). [6, 19-21] Example of calculation Let us calculate an administrative building in Yekaterinburg.