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It is proved that the effect of ultrasound contributes to the reduction of the latent period of the nucleation of intermetallic phases at the interlayer boundary, lowers the temperature of the beginning of the eutectic transformation (by about 10 ° C), but at the same time does not affect the phase composition of the diffusion zone as a result of homogeneous reactions at the boundary of contact of solids.
Results and Discussion An analysis of the obtained experimental data showed that the growth of the DZ at the interlayer boundary begins with the formation of nuclei of the intermetallic phase, which, with increasing temperature and heating time, increase in size and grow together into a continuous layer.
When analyzing the experimental data obtained using an optical microscope, it was found that the DZ formed after HT consists of three visually distinguishable interlayers (Fig. 3).
However, the data of electron microscopic studies, together with the results of energy dispersive analysis, showed the presence of four interlayers corresponding in stoichiometric composition to the intermetallic compounds CuAl2, CuAl, Cu3Al2 and Cu9Al4 (from the aluminum layer to the copper one) (Fig. 4).
DZ diffraction pattern from the aluminum side (a, b) and from the copper side (c, d) after HT 530 ° C, 90 min with ultrasound exposure (a, c) and without (b, d) Conclusions Analysis of experimental data on the study of the main regularities of the formation and growth of the diffusion zone at the interlayer boundaries of the explosion-welded bimetal of the Cu-Al system made it possible to conclude that the effect of ultrasound contributes to the reduction of the latent period of the nucleation of intermetallic phases at the interlayer boundary, reduces the temperature of the beginning of the eutectic transformation by about 10 ° C and does not affect the phase composition of the diffusion zone formed as a result of homogeneous (at the solid-solid contact interface) reactions.

The caculation of k.Parameter k can be calculated by Eq.6.Indicated by transcendental equations,however,they can’t be solved with common method.Therefore,it should be solved by Matlab,the process is as follows: The reduction of equation.
Let T=0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5,5,respectively,draw k corresponding to different periods,as follows: Tab.1 Value of k corresponding to different period T（s） 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 K 16 4 1.7806 1.0327 0.7171 0.5535 0.4536 0.3859 0.3365 0.2988 The caculation of DA.According to Eq.4 and Tab.1,the calculation of DA requires great effort,so it’s better to use Excel to process the data.The steps as shown below: (1) Input the original data.Input the data of table 1 in Excel,T occupy column A and k occupy column B
The reduction of equation.
Take T=0.5 as example，obtain the first 20 value of kn，as is shown below： Tab.2 Value of kn corresponding to T=0.5 k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 k6 k7 k8 k9 k10 0.8107 2.4316 4.051 5.668 7.2821 8.893 10.5006 12.1048 13.7059 15.3042 k11 k12 k13 k14 k15 k16 k17 k18 k19 k20 16.8997 18.4929 20.084 21.6732 23.2607 24.8467 26.4314 28.0149 29.5973 31.1789 The caculation of mA.As the method of the caculation of DA,mA should be caculated by Excel.Take T=0.5 as example,the steps as shown below: (1)Input the riginal data.Input the data of table 2 in A1~A20 of Excel
Summary In this paper，a caculation method of wave-maker mechanical parameters based on Matlab and Excel is introduced.This method makes full use of the powerful data processing function of Matlab and Excel,and improve not noly the working efficiency but also the calculation accuracy.

The computer was programmed to calculate the length of fibers, and illustrates the data with histograms.
This data indicated a noticeable damage to the fibers during granulation.
Using materials data from Table 1 and Equation 1, critical fiber length Lc, is 0.43 mm.
A comparison of data in Table 4 showed that tensile strength of a composite, sc is influenced by critical fiber length in the molded test bar.
The fiber fracture data showed that fiber contents and viscosity have similar effects on damaging fibers.

Systematized literature data related to the study of mechanical and functional properties of ultrafine-grained and nanostructured metallic materials processed by deformation methods are presented.
The aim of this paper is to present the literature data review of the features of mechanical and functional properties on the example of titanium alloys processed by the following deformation methods: high pressure torsion (HPT) [3], equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) [4-6] and electroplastic deformation (EPD) [7-9].
In a number of cases literature data for pure copper and magnesium alloys are cited.
In the nanosized range of 1-100 nm the experimental data have proved to be ambiguous.
Given below are the data for titanium and its alloys [37, 38] produced using the ECAP and the EPD methods.

Based on the GIS technology, NDVI indexes have been used as main data source in this paper.
Method Data acquisition and pretreatment This paper adopts the United States of America NASA WD center free download MODIS NDVI products as the main data source, the spatial resolution is 250 M, time resolution is 16 days, time series from 2000 to 2009.
The procedure of image processing was geometric correction, projection transformation and mosaic, the annual data from the average, as the study area the annual average value of NDVI.
Results Interannual variation of vegetation coverage This paper uses the maximum synthesis method for synthesis of MODIS 16 days NDVI data processing.
Purple represents the reduction of area, mainly in the study area of the southeast and southwest.

Other advantages include a reduction in fretting between the patch and the adherend and prevention of corrosion.
The SS and DS repairs were tested in tension in a hydraulic testing machine (Instron® 8801) equipped with a 100kN load cell, at a constant velocity of the crosshead of 0.5 mm/min, considering the crosshead data for the displacement (d) measurement.
The values introduced in Abaqus® for the adhesive layer damage laws, defined from average values of the test data, are as follows: Young’s modulus, E=1.85 GPa, shear modulus, G=0.56 GPa, tn0=21.63 MPa, ts0=17.9 MPa, Gnc=0.43 N/mm and Gsc=4.70 N/mm.
This is justified by the smaller magnitude of peel stresses owing to the absence of the adherends deflection, and also due to the reduction of peak shear stresses at the overlap edges caused by the reduction of differential shearing between the adherend and patches [3].
This was justified by the smaller magnitude of peel stresses owing to the absence of the adherends deflection, and also due to the reduction of peak shear stresses at the overlap edges caused by the reduction of differential shearing between the adherend and patches.

There after they were hot forged by power hammer from Ф35 mm x 60 mm length cylindrical block in to 60 mm length x 45 mm breadth x 15 mm height rectangular block with 30% volume reduction and cooled in air.
Fig. 1: SEM micrographs showing size and particle shape of the nano alumina powder Fig. 2: EDAX Spectrum of nano Al2O3 particles used in the synthesis of Al 1100 (Mg) - nano Al2O3 composites Fig. 3: XRD pattern of nano Al2O3particles used in the synthesis of Al 1100 (Mg) nano Al2O3 composites Fig. 4: Average Brinell hardness of forged unreinforced alloy and nanocomposites developed by increasing the wt% of nano Al2O3 particles The powder has been examined for their X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern as shown in Fig 3, using X-ray diffractometer in the 2θ range of 10-70° using CuKa radiation target and nickel filter, step size and dwell time were suitably adjusted, which was used for identification of various phases with the help of inorganic JCPDS (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards) X-ray diffraction data card available from the International Centre for Diffraction Data as the Powder Diffraction File (PDF).
Due to ineffective reduction in porosity and ineffective breakup of particles agglomerates, forged nanocomposites AMP0.75, AMP1 and AMP1.25 have comparatively less strength and ductility than forged nanocomposites AMP0.25 and AMP0.5.
The strength increases up to 0.5 wt% addition of nano Al2O3 may be due to the reduction of porosity content, reduction in grain size, uniform distribution of nano Al2O3 particles due break up of particle agglomerates and improved bonding between matrix and reinforcement and also may be due compressive stress involved in forging process.
Improvement in ductility up to 0.5 wt% may be due reduction in matrix grain size, reduction of the porosity content and more uniform distribution of particles due to break up of particle agglomerates.

The friction data were interpreted in terms of the roughness and compared with the microscopic features of the epoxy composite surface.
The roughness data are summarised in figure 3.
As it can be observed in figure 5, the reduction of the coefficient of friction is proportional to the reduction of roughness.

Data obtained from an in-situ measurement are compared with the values obtained by numerical calculation.
The Florida Solar Energy Centre tested reflectance properties of over 60 samples of common roofing materials in case of reduction of summer heat loads [1].
The energy consumption for air-conditioning a slightly insulated building with a roof covering made out of material with high albedo (ρsol = 0.8) is around 7 kWh per day per 100 m2 in comparison with low albedo covering (ρsol = 0.2) where the energy consumption is around 20 kWh per day per 100 m2. [3] That presents a 65 % reduction of consumed energy only by choosing materials with high solar reflectance.
Data from the weather station – air temperature and solar radiation, are presented in Table 2.

The current EURO standard for heavy-duty diesel engines, EURO VI, which came to force from December 2013, is on par with United States emission standards where the limit value for NOx is 0.4 g/kWh, a remarkable 80% reduction as compared to EURO V (2.0 g/kWh) and for particulate matter (PM) a 50% reduction from 0.02 g/kWh to 0.01 g/kWh.
After 5 minutes of exposure to the microwave, the reduction percentages of power levels 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kW are 31.9%, 43.7% and 64.6% respectively.
This is evidence in the recorded data which shows a small increase in O2 gas for all the microwave power levels.
The reduction rates of smoke would depend on the time the soot is exposed to the microwaves and also the intensity of the microwave.
Reduction of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions from Diesel Engines Using the Whale Concept Filter.