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Its basic structure is an electroluminescent semiconductor material,in use of special conductive semiconductor material way through electroluminescence phenomenon,it could control semiconductor light-emitting diode display, and relying on its bright lights off to show character, text, graphics, images,video, video signals and some other information.
Fig.3 Shadowless lamp Conclusions In summary, electrical insulating materials has been widely used in machinery, electronics, chemicals, building materials and other fields , especially in the application of electronic devices technology continue to be updated,and research in this area should be continued to be further more.
AL doping concentration on release of resistive material properties of ZnO ceramics[J].
Journal of Luminescence, 2014(35)
Beijing:Science Press,2011.

Analysis on the nondestructive testing method of concrete strength Junbin Gu Architecture and Civil Engineering School, Inner Mongolia University of Science and technology, Baotou, 014010, China gu613@163.com Keyword: concrete, beam, strength, the ultrasonic-rebound method Abstract.
As we know,ultrasonic and rebound method are based on the relations of stress strain behavior and strength about material[1,2], but ultrasonic speed mainly reflect the elastic properties of material, and it can through the material, so reflect some information from the material internal structure.The rebound method reflects the elastic properties of material, and also reflects the plastic properties of materials in certain extent, but it can exactly reflect the state of concrete surface layer about 3cm.Therefore, comprehensive the value of ultrasonic and rebound can reflect the elasticity and plasticity of concrete; reflect the state of surface layer and the internal structure, so exactly reflect the strength of concrete.On the other hand, Practice proved that the sound velocity C and rebound value N can eliminate many original factors of the R-N and R-C relations after reasonable comprehensive.Such as varieties of cement, the water content of specimens and the carbonization effect, which
Research and analysis of measurement strength method The design of concrete mixture ratio usually adopt the method of calculation combined with experiment.According to the designed strength requirements of structure, material conditions and construction conditions to calculate the theory mixture[4].
[2]Junbin GU, Lei WANG.The ultrasonic-rebound synthetic method of concrete[J].Journal of Datong Vocational College,2008,24(3):59-61
Nondestructive measurement of concrete strength gain by an ultrasonic wave reflection method[J]. materials and structures. 1999, 25:261-268

(a) Schematic diagram of friction tester (b) experimental equipment Fig. 5 Friction tester (a) No lubricant (b) graphite lubricant Fig. 6 Friction coefficient for different temperature Application to Cylindrical Deep Drawing Process The FEM software DEFORM-3D [6] has been applied to simulate the plastic flow of materials during the deep drawing process.
Most of the material models require detailed material properties such as young’s modulus of elasticity, strain hardening exponent, anisotropy coefficient and strength coefficient, etc., as input to preprocessor.
In addition to material properties, preprocessor also require input of detailed process parameters such as friction coefficient, punch velocity, blank holding force, sheet thickness, etc.
Hsu: Materials Science Forum, Vol.532-533 (2006), p.865
Riedel: Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 55 (2007), p. 867

Introduction The bioactivity of bone-bonding materials is thought to be closely related to the formation of a direct bonded biological apatite layer [1].
SBF was first used to mimic biological calcification to study bioactive materials during early bone-formation.
Later it was also used inversely, evaluating the possible bioactivity of materials by their calcifying behaviour in SBF.
Also, we can determine whether the dissolution of coating species plays a role in the nucleation of a CaP precipitate, similar to what has been suggested for more soluble CaP phases [7]. 2 Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) Materials and Methods Coatings.
Thus Ca and PO4 coverages are much lower for the inert materials and the Ca/P ratio is much higher.

The knowledge of the influence of the properties of the F and AF layer materials on the exchange bias field magnitude is important for design of the devices with the required characteristics.
Here we report on our investigation of exchange bias, uniaxial anisotropy and intrinsic resonance field in F/AF structures for different AF and F layer materials.
This method is used for investigation of high-frequency properties of ferromagnetic materials [2], their anisotropy and saturation magnetization [3].The FMR method can be also effectively used for exchange bias phenomenon investigation [4,5].
Thus we have shown that properties of both, F and AF layer materials, affect the exchange bias magnitude and blocking temperature.
Konstantinova, Journal of Physics: Conference series, (2011), in print

Brief Description of RFPA2D and the Model Setup RFPA2D code [4, 5], can be used to model the observed evolution of damage or crack initiation, propagation and coalescence in brittle materials by allowing the linear elastic elements to fail in a brittle manner.
Geo-material Failure Process Analysis is a powerful tool to study the fracture behavior in stiffed clay.
Acknowledgements The work described in this paper was partially supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, China (Project No. 9041002-560 and CityU 1178/03E) and partially supported by the China National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 50504005 and 50504003).
References [1] Bjerrum, L.: Progressive Failure in Slopes of Overconsolidated Plastic Clay and Clay Shales, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, 1967,Vol. 93, pp.1-49
[3] Vallejo, L.E., and Pramono, E.: Development of Fracture Regions in Brittle Materials, Proceedings of the 25th Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 1984, pp.47-54

They are also used specifically in the automotive sector because composite materials offer higher strength-to-weight ratio.
Applied Mechanics and Materials 465 (2014) 1324-1328
Materials and Design 50 (2013) 750-756
Review of low velocity impact properties of composite materials.
Journal of Impact Engineering 35 (2008) 80-97

Experimental Details Materials.
Tests were conducted on four sets of specimens differing in the material.
Acknowledgements This outcome has been achieved with the financial support of the Czech Science Foundation, project GA CR 13-18870S.
Plšková, The effect of concrete quality on the acoustic emission parameters during three-point bending fracture test, Advanced Materials Research. 897 (2014) 149–152
Zhao, Comparison between the double-K fracture model and the two parameter fracture model, Otto-Graf-Journal. 14 (2003) 131–157

Microstructural investigations of nickel-based superalloys with different structure Maciej Pytel1,a, Andrzej Nowotnik1,b, Dariusz Szeliga1,c and Jan Sieniawski1,d 1 Research and Development Laboratory for Aerospace Materials 1 Department of Materials Science Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstancow Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland ampytel@prz.edu.pl, bnowotnik@prz.edu.pl, cdszeliga@prz.edu.pl, djansien@prz.edu.pl Keywords: Superalloys, Bridgman method, directionally solidification, electron microscopy, metallography.
Introduction Nowadays, the most widely used construction material for highly loaded parts of a hot air engine are still nickel superalloys.
These factors make it necessary to use layers and protective coatings on the substrate material.
Jarczyk, The influence of the radiation baffle on predicted temperature gradient in single crystal CMSX-4 castings, International Journal of Metalcasting. 3 (2013) 17-23
Pollock, Thermal analysis of the bridgman and liquid-metal-cooled directional solidification investment casting processes, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 38 (2007) 871-882

The traditional drilling method can no longer meet the demand, so several new technologies, such as, electric discharge machining (EDM), electron beam machining (EBM), electrochemistry machining, laser machining, have been used to produce the micro-holes, among which stands out the laser drilling technology, for its prominent advantages: 1) it can drill on almost all materials; 2) high efficiency; 3)non- pollution; 4)easy to control; 5) it can drill holes with higher aspect ratio[3].
The crystal structure of recast material is different from the base material, so their ability to resist etching should be different as well.
CuSO4 has the function to protect base material and FeCl3 is added to accelerate the etching[7].
This chemical solution has the function to eliminate recast layer while protect the base material.
Journal of Engineering Manufacture, Vol. 214(7) (2000), p. 521-527