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Effect of Austenite Grain Size on the Mechanical Properties in Air-Cooled 0.1C-5Mn Martensitic Steel
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Shiro Torizuka, Toshihiro Hanamura, Shohei Enokida, Hiroshi Takech, Soutaro Tamura
aHANAMURA.Toshihiro=nims.go.jp, bTORIZUKA.Shiro=nims.go.jp
Keywords: high strength steel, total balance, reduction of area, uniform elongation, local elongation, true stress-true strain curve.
This data gives a good proof that cooling rate, 1K/sec, is stable down to room temperature even though there is a martensitic transformation starting around 340ºC.
However, when the size of the grain, within which the micro void exists, is small enough, the stress required for the micro void growth increases and then the crack progress is retarded, leading to the enhancement of the local strain and the reduction in area.
[1] As has been reported elsewhere, also in the low C-5Mn steel, Ms and Mf are found to decrease with decreasing the austenite grain size. [2] With the refinement of austenite grain size, the packet size and the block length decrease, while the lath width and the block width change only slightly, suggesting that the HV value for each specimen is almost the same. [3] A reduction in austenite grain size increases both fracture strength and fracture strain, showing a possibility of having excellent total balance properties Acknowledgement This study was supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency under “Heterogeneous Structure Control,” a collaborative research initiative based on industrial demand.
This data gives a good proof that cooling rate, 1K/sec, is stable down to room temperature even though there is a martensitic transformation starting around 340ºC.
However, when the size of the grain, within which the micro void exists, is small enough, the stress required for the micro void growth increases and then the crack progress is retarded, leading to the enhancement of the local strain and the reduction in area.
[1] As has been reported elsewhere, also in the low C-5Mn steel, Ms and Mf are found to decrease with decreasing the austenite grain size. [2] With the refinement of austenite grain size, the packet size and the block length decrease, while the lath width and the block width change only slightly, suggesting that the HV value for each specimen is almost the same. [3] A reduction in austenite grain size increases both fracture strength and fracture strain, showing a possibility of having excellent total balance properties Acknowledgement This study was supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency under “Heterogeneous Structure Control,” a collaborative research initiative based on industrial demand.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Hai Jun Sui, Jun Zhe Zhang, Zhen Yu Wang
While toxicity data is still in lack of CuO ENPs to maize as the main agricultural crops in soil-cultivated.
Besides, aging could also cause a reduction of toxicity of ZnO, TiO2 and Ni ENPs in soil despite of different soil types [7].
It may result from the immobility of CuO ENPs in soil with the time increasing that could cause the reduction of bioavailability of CuO ENPs.
Besides, aging could also cause a reduction of toxicity of ZnO, TiO2 and Ni ENPs in soil despite of different soil types [7].
It may result from the immobility of CuO ENPs in soil with the time increasing that could cause the reduction of bioavailability of CuO ENPs.
Online since: February 2023
Authors: Bharat A. Makwana, Pooja R. Popat, Kinjal Nayee, Madhya Patel, Ankit P. Patel, Viral A. Patel, Ruchita J. Patel
Then amino acid detection study was performed with all 24 amino acids, which provides the successful data for sensing the amino acid L-dopa.
The most frequently used method is the chemical reduction method, which involves the reduction of metal ions using various reduction agents, such as citric acid, borohydride (Lee and Meisel method) [15], NH2OH [16], N2H4 [17], ethylene glycol [18], ethanol [19].
In addition, UV–Vis data did not reveal the presence of a peak at around 404 nm in the other amino acids except L-dopa [46, 47] Fig. 14.
A comparative study of antioxidant activity with standard antioxidant reference materials ascorbic acid (AA) and free radical (DPPH) were conducted shown in Fig. 15. and Table 1 shows the UV data of Anti-oxidant activity.
Fig. 15: Antioxidant assay of DPPH with standard Ascorbic Acid and different concentrations of CARBI-AgNps Table 1: UV data of Anti-oxidant activity Sr.
The most frequently used method is the chemical reduction method, which involves the reduction of metal ions using various reduction agents, such as citric acid, borohydride (Lee and Meisel method) [15], NH2OH [16], N2H4 [17], ethylene glycol [18], ethanol [19].
In addition, UV–Vis data did not reveal the presence of a peak at around 404 nm in the other amino acids except L-dopa [46, 47] Fig. 14.
A comparative study of antioxidant activity with standard antioxidant reference materials ascorbic acid (AA) and free radical (DPPH) were conducted shown in Fig. 15. and Table 1 shows the UV data of Anti-oxidant activity.
Fig. 15: Antioxidant assay of DPPH with standard Ascorbic Acid and different concentrations of CARBI-AgNps Table 1: UV data of Anti-oxidant activity Sr.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Xu Wang, Fei Zhao, Wen Xia Xu, Guo Dong Li
Hail identification analysis from Radar image by CNN
Guodong Li 1, a, Xu Wang 2,b Fei Zhao3,c and Wenxia Xu 2,c
1 Department of Applied Mathematics; University of Finance and Economics; Urumqi Xinjiang
830012 China
2 Xinjiang Weather Modification Office, Urumqi, 830002, PR China
3The Centre of Lightning Protection and Disaster Reduction, Xinjiang Meteorology Bureau, Urumqi, 830002, PR China
algdzhy@126.com, bwangxu@126.com, cxwxqiuye@live.cn
Keywords: Radar image; Hail identification; veins; polynomials fitting
Abstract.
Dug some data as information .At last we find some regular to distinguish the cloud with hail or not.
Hail prevention expert system for disaster reduction.
Dug some data as information .At last we find some regular to distinguish the cloud with hail or not.
Hail prevention expert system for disaster reduction.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Hui Ni Wang, Bing Li, Zhi Qiang Duan
Data sources of study area
SPOT5 satellite remote sensing images in 2003 and the actual datum of aerial photography in 2009 were selected as based data.
DOM data of 2.5 m resolution were obtained according to the SPOT5 satellite remote sensing images in 2003 by ortho rectification, fusion and mosaic.
DOM data of 1.0 m resolution of banding along 20 km of both sides of Yangtze River were obtained according to the actual datum of aerial photography in 2009 by three-dimensional riangulation, topographical correction and mosaic.
analyses on land cover information The changes of land cover information data are divided by land type and is shown in Fig.1.
The rest change is relative less, no obvious explosion or reduction.
DOM data of 2.5 m resolution were obtained according to the SPOT5 satellite remote sensing images in 2003 by ortho rectification, fusion and mosaic.
DOM data of 1.0 m resolution of banding along 20 km of both sides of Yangtze River were obtained according to the actual datum of aerial photography in 2009 by three-dimensional riangulation, topographical correction and mosaic.
analyses on land cover information The changes of land cover information data are divided by land type and is shown in Fig.1.
The rest change is relative less, no obvious explosion or reduction.
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Alexey Zebzeev, Vadim Kuzenkov, Evgeniy Gromakov
Accounting, regulating and administrative documents flow includes binding of official duties, information about the list of project sections, an order of the works which are carried out by the worker, who is allocated with such duties, data on the timing of work, in particular, in a format of the Gantt chart, resources data and the results of project performance etc.
Project organization module assumes to deliver the data for other modules and to be a link in a design work’s management chain.
Each type of tokens is presented by abstract data type (code number of projected object according to the internal classifier of the design organization, posts of executors etc.).
On the basis of the DED management module data, chief engineer of the project can supervise more fully a progress of project performance.
Verification of EPCs: Using Reduction Rules and Petri Nets.
Project organization module assumes to deliver the data for other modules and to be a link in a design work’s management chain.
Each type of tokens is presented by abstract data type (code number of projected object according to the internal classifier of the design organization, posts of executors etc.).
On the basis of the DED management module data, chief engineer of the project can supervise more fully a progress of project performance.
Verification of EPCs: Using Reduction Rules and Petri Nets.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: F. Caiazzo, V. Sergi, V. Alfieri, F. Cardaropoli
In addition, the use of a disk laser allows to obtain significant reduction in focus diameter and increased beam quality compared to traditional rod or slab lasers.
Technical data of the welding system, which consists of a 6-axis robot and optics, are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Welding system technical data Maximum output power [kW] 2.0 Laser light wavelength [nm] 1030 Beam Parameter Product [mm × mrad] 8.0 Focus diameter [μm] 300 Focal length [mm] 200 Maximum energy density [kW/mm2] 28.3 Table 2: Nominal chemical composition of AA 2024 (wt.%) Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti Al 0.50 0.50 3.80 ÷ 4.90 0.30 ÷ 0.90 1.20 ÷ 1.80 0.1 0.25 0.15 Bal.
Table 3: Parameters and average data of BOP beads Thermal input [J/mm] Power [kW] Welding rate [mm/s] Penetration depth [mm] Porosity content [%] 200 1300 6.50 1.71 1.59 200 1400 7.00 2.63 4.93 200 1600 8.00 3.20 1.10 200 1800 9.00 3.20 0.00 160 1300 8.13 1.75 0.36 160 1400 8.75 2.10 0.80 160 1600 10.0 3.20 5.21 160 1800 11.3 3.20 0.23 Figure 3: Penetration depth and porosity content as a function of power for given thermal inputs Parameters and average data of the beads are listed in Table 3.
Peix: Reduction of porosity content generated during Nd:YAG laser welding of A356 and AA5083 aluminium alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A, Volume 363 (2003), pp. 40-52
Technical data of the welding system, which consists of a 6-axis robot and optics, are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Welding system technical data Maximum output power [kW] 2.0 Laser light wavelength [nm] 1030 Beam Parameter Product [mm × mrad] 8.0 Focus diameter [μm] 300 Focal length [mm] 200 Maximum energy density [kW/mm2] 28.3 Table 2: Nominal chemical composition of AA 2024 (wt.%) Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti Al 0.50 0.50 3.80 ÷ 4.90 0.30 ÷ 0.90 1.20 ÷ 1.80 0.1 0.25 0.15 Bal.
Table 3: Parameters and average data of BOP beads Thermal input [J/mm] Power [kW] Welding rate [mm/s] Penetration depth [mm] Porosity content [%] 200 1300 6.50 1.71 1.59 200 1400 7.00 2.63 4.93 200 1600 8.00 3.20 1.10 200 1800 9.00 3.20 0.00 160 1300 8.13 1.75 0.36 160 1400 8.75 2.10 0.80 160 1600 10.0 3.20 5.21 160 1800 11.3 3.20 0.23 Figure 3: Penetration depth and porosity content as a function of power for given thermal inputs Parameters and average data of the beads are listed in Table 3.
Peix: Reduction of porosity content generated during Nd:YAG laser welding of A356 and AA5083 aluminium alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A, Volume 363 (2003), pp. 40-52
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Leo A.I. Kestens, Roumen H. Petrov, Philippe Thibaux, Martin Liebeherr, V. Carretero Olalla, P. Gurla
The EBSD data were acquired in a rectangular scan grid with a step size of 0.2µm and post processed with OIM-TSL Data analysis 4.6 software.
Macrotexture data were obtained from Siemens D5000 X-ray diffractometer employing FHM-MTM software developed by Van Houtte [9].
Generally, the high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) with misorientations of 15° or higher derived from EBSD data can be used as a crystallographic domain parameter indicating the effective grain size (EGS) [12, 13, 14].
Considering together the data from the mechanical tests and microstructural studies it appears that the effective way of control of the properties is the balance between the grain size (HAGB), and the morphology represented by different bainitic structures which is reflected in the fraction of the LAGB.
Oldfield, ASTM Standardizations News, (1975) p. 24-29 [17] Wan, Q,-m, et al., Analysis method of Charpy V-notch impact data before and after electron beam welding reconstruction.
Macrotexture data were obtained from Siemens D5000 X-ray diffractometer employing FHM-MTM software developed by Van Houtte [9].
Generally, the high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) with misorientations of 15° or higher derived from EBSD data can be used as a crystallographic domain parameter indicating the effective grain size (EGS) [12, 13, 14].
Considering together the data from the mechanical tests and microstructural studies it appears that the effective way of control of the properties is the balance between the grain size (HAGB), and the morphology represented by different bainitic structures which is reflected in the fraction of the LAGB.
Oldfield, ASTM Standardizations News, (1975) p. 24-29 [17] Wan, Q,-m, et al., Analysis method of Charpy V-notch impact data before and after electron beam welding reconstruction.
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Ching Hin Law, Jian Kun Yang, Xiang Yang Jiang
Climate Data
Temperature, Humidity, Wind speed, Cloud, Solar radiation, etc.
Economic Data Economic factors, Utility rates, etc.
Therefore, the data for this study related to these two systems was provided by the manufacturers. 5.1.
Weather data and energy rates Chinese Standard Weather Data (CSWD) of Guangzhou, downloaded from the official website of EERE program of U.
DOE, is applied as weather data to carry out this simulation.
Economic Data Economic factors, Utility rates, etc.
Therefore, the data for this study related to these two systems was provided by the manufacturers. 5.1.
Weather data and energy rates Chinese Standard Weather Data (CSWD) of Guangzhou, downloaded from the official website of EERE program of U.
DOE, is applied as weather data to carry out this simulation.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Ren Ke Kang, Zhi Gang Dong, Fei Fei Zheng, Yi Dan Wang, Fu Jian Ma
The conclusion is reached that the vibration amplitude should be cogitatively set to achieve better surface quality while realizing the reduction of the grinding force.
Fig. 1 The experimental apparatus of ultrsaonic assisted grinding The experimental equipment built contains machine tool, ultrasonic vibration system, dynamometer and data acquisition system.
The data acquisition system contains three charge amplifiers (each for one axis), an acquisition card and a computer.
Here a and b are independent constants which can be obtained by linear fitting of experimental data.
Grinding force data can be acquired during the process, which contains the cutting period and idle period as shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 The experimental apparatus of ultrsaonic assisted grinding The experimental equipment built contains machine tool, ultrasonic vibration system, dynamometer and data acquisition system.
The data acquisition system contains three charge amplifiers (each for one axis), an acquisition card and a computer.
Here a and b are independent constants which can be obtained by linear fitting of experimental data.
Grinding force data can be acquired during the process, which contains the cutting period and idle period as shown in Fig. 2.