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The corrosion product in contact with the unaffected metal also sets up local galvanic cells which in turn further contribute to the overall exponential material loss.
Wright, Essentials of Materials Science and Engineering, Global Engineering, 2013
Hector, Ravi Verma, Wei Tong, Microstructural effects of AZ31 magnesium alloy on its tensile deformation and failure behaviours, Materials Science and Engineering Journal: A. 418(1-2) (2006) 341-356
Arrabal, Correlation between the surface chemistry and the atmospheric corrosion of AZ31, AZ80 and AZ91D magnesium alloys, Applied Surface Science. 255(7) (2009) 4102-4108.

This process consists of mixing and contacting the value metal source material, which might be an ore or concentrate, with an excess of molten metal which is acting as a reductant and lixiviant.
In the process, the value metal extracted from the source material is dissolved in the excess molten metallic solvent and is subsequently extracted as a vapour by vacuum distillation.
Acknowledgements The present work was supported by the National Natural Science Funds of China (No.50725413), the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973)(No.2007CB613704), the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission in China (CSTC, 2010AC4085, 2009AB4134 and 2006AA4012-9-6), the Chongqing Education Commission in China (KJ090628) and the Program for Hundreds of Distinguished Leading Scientists of CQ CSTC (2010CSTC-HDLS).
Xie: Chinese Journal of Rare Metals (in chinese) Vol.28 (2004), p.750
Wei: Materials for Mechanical Engineering (in chinese) Vol.33 (2009), p. 83

Influence of vanadium on microstructures and mechanical properties of high strength normalized steel Mingwei Tong 1,2,a, Zexi Yuan1,b, Kaiguang Zhang2,c 1School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science & Technology,Wuhan 430081,China 2Research and Development center of WISCO,Wuhan 430080,China atong1976@126.com,byuanzexi@163.com,czhkg001@163.com Keywords: Microalloyed steel, Vanadium, Normalizing, Microstructure, Mechanical properties Abstract: Considering the specialities of high strength normalized steel, the main roles of vanadium in normalized steel were investigated.
Introduction Microalloying of steel can not only optimize rolling technology and reduce cost, but also improve effectively the mechanical properties and material characteristics of steel[1].
Heat treatment principle of metal materials[M].
Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition) ,2003,26(4):340-342( In Chinese).

Study on the Crystallization and Morphology of HDPE-g-GMA Modified PA66/UHMWPE Blends ZHAO Zi-nian , ZHANG Wen-hua , LEI Gang-qiang College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, P.R.
Experimental Materials.
References [1] Kolark，J．Fambri L， Slouf，M．Heterogeneous polyamide66/syndiotactic polystyrene blends： Phase structure and thermal and mechanical properties[J]．Journal of Applied Polymer Science， 2005，96(3)：673-684
[3] B N Ravi Kumara，B Sureshab，M Venkataramareddy．Effect of particulate fillers on mechanical and abrasive wear behavior of polyamide 66/polypropylene nanocomposites[J]．Materials and Design，2009，30(9)：3852-3858

The IG is affected by its launch system and orbital geometry size, applied current waveform, orbit and fixed shell materials [1, 2, 3].
Effect of rail’s material on railgun inductance gradient and losses[C]. 14th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology Proceedings.
Journal of Applied Physics, 1984,56(11):3182-3186
Railguns: their science and technology[M].

(a) (b) Fig. 1 Shell and beam geometry model of vehicle frame (a) shell model (b) beam model Due to vehicle frame made of 10Til special steel, then main materials parameters are as follows: material density 7800kg/m3, elastic modulus 206GPa and Poisson’ ratio 0.3.In order to calculate the natural frequencies and modal shapes of vehicle frame, free conditions are considered and then no boundary constraints and no forces are applied in the model.
Acknowledgements The work is funded by A Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (No.
Shen: Journal of Vibration and Shock.

Introduction The precast reinforced concrete composite insulating wall is a new sandwich composited insulating wall.It is filled up with polysterol board or other thermal insulation materials between it’s outer and inner reinforced concrete layer，then use fittings with low thermal conductivity like FRP or use steel truss to connect and fix the outer and inner reinforced concrete layer with the thermal insulation material.The panel is produced in factory and equipped in site，which is beneficial to housing industrialization.The composited wall applies primarily to reinforced concrete or steel structure exterior envelope with a seismic intensity of 7 and lower than 50m [1].So here we introduce the way to connect the composited wall with the main structure.
Forestry Science and Technology Information Vol.29, No.1（2000）p.12 [3] Qianfeng Yao, Xufeng Zhang and Xiao Wei: STUTHERMAL-INSULATING AND LINK DETAILS OF A NEW ENERGY-SAVING COMPOSITE WALL STRUCTURE.
Journal of China University of Mining &Technology Vol.34 No.5 (2005) p.645

Study on Microwave Pretreatment of Diaspore Yiyong Wanga, Fayu Wub, Hui Jinc, Jidong Li and Zhiying Wang School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning， Anshan，Liaoning , 114051，China awangyiyongfly@163.com, b fayuwu@gmail.com, c hui313@163.com Keywords: Microwave Pretreatment, Diaspore, Leaching Behavior, High Active Alumina, Mole Fraction Abstract.
Secondly non-thermal effects makes microscopic particles such as molecules, atoms and ions active, and accelerates the diffusions of crystal lattice and grain boundary, which decreases the activation energy of diffusions and accelerates material migration, so reaction activation energy decreases and reaction rate increases.
References [1] M S Li, Z H Peng, G H Liu: Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China, Vol. 13 (2003), p. 671 [2] Y Hua, Z Lin, Z Yan: Miner·Eng·, Vol. 15(2002), p. 451 [3] Lei Zhang, Wanli Jiao: Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society.

Moreover, iodine is not only the raw material for producing inorganic or organic compound containing iodine[1], but also for synthesizing several kinds of iodine preparations, sanitizer and pesticides[2].
Reaction Mechanism The decomposing of phosphate by sulfuric acid is a complex process. the chemical reaction equation is as following: Ca5F(PO4)3+10H3PO4 = 3H3PO4+HF+5Ca(H2PO4)2 (1) Ca5F (PO4)3+10H3PO4 = 3H3PO4+HF+5Ca(H2PO4)2 (2) 5Ca(H2PO4)2+5H2SO4 = 10H3PO4+5CaSO4·nH2O (3) 5Ca(H2PO4)2+5H2SO4 =10H3PO4+5CaSO4·nH2O (4) Experimental Experimental apparatus Fig. 1 The schematic diagram of experimental apparatus Experimental materials The fine phosphorite is taken from Wenfu Dressing plant, of which chemical composition is shown in the table 1.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (QC2011C034), Foundation for Key Teacher of Universities by Heilongjiang Province of China (1252G007) and Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Grant (LBH-Z12274).
Jiangsu Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2003, 14(1): 34-35

Moreover, they are extremely promising materials for applications in industries, due to their virtues of being high intensity, low density, easy for jointing and so on.
To our knowledge, the macroscopical performance of a material is largely determined by its microstructure features.
Acknowledgment The authors give grateful thanks for the supports of Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 20114BAB215026), and the Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Gannan Medical University (Grant No.
Wang: The journal of physical chemistry.