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For brittle materials without defects, numerical studies have been implemented by a number of researchers using various numerical codes and models to simulate the processes of fracturing and fragmentation under blasting for rock materials [7-14].
But for brittle materials with pre-existing defects under blasting, the achievements of the numerical study on the effect of rock fracturing are limited.
For each material, we design one sub-grid in this numerical model, thus, except for the water inside the defects, there are three sub-grids for the materials of the rock, sand (stem) and TNT, and each sub-grid is discretized into a set of rectangular elements.
Acknowledgements This work has been funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 51074109, and by the Major State Basic Research Project, Grant No. 2010CB732005.
Xie: Journal of Sichuan university Vol. 40 (2008), p. 13-21

Therefore we can select a properly material to compensate the temperature sensitivity of LPFG.
Acknowledgements The support of the research foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No.60477031) is gratefully acknowledged.
Smart structure and materials 2003: smart sensor technology and measurement system.
Optical Materials 14(8):239-242
Journal of Lightwave Technology 15(8):1277-1294.

So the optimized gradation of cementitious material is one of the key point for the application of admixture [1~3].
Raw materials and test methods Raw materials.
Table 1 Particle parameters of raw materials Material D [μm] n D10 [μm] D50 [μm] D90 [μm] A 15.7 1.77 4.27 12.8 25.3 C 6.75 1.98 2.06 5.7 10.1 S 18.1 1.48 4.53 13.4 36.3 K 5.83 2.28 2.23 4.93 8.59 Note: D - Characteristic particle size n - Uniform coefficient of gradation D10 - Particle size of 10% calculative percentage of gradation D50 - Particle size of 50% calculative percentage of gradation D90 - Particle size of 90% calculative percentage of gradation (a) Cement and limestone powder A (b) Slag and limestone powder C Fig. 1 Particle gradations of materials As shown in Table 1, gradation of limestone powder A and C are similar with cement and slag that can be used to imitate cement and slag separately.
The density, loose packing density and the compact packing density of material are tested according to the < Standard test method for cement density > (GB/T208-94) and (GB/T14684-2001); and the porosity of material is calculated according to experimental results.
[12] S Tsivilis, G Kakali, E Chaniotakis, et al: Journal of Thermal Analysis. (1998), p. 863-870

Experimental Study on the Influence of Ceramist Properties Compressive Strength of Shale Ceramist Concrete Weijun Yang1, a, Zhigang He 1, b and Yi Yang1, c 1Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China amgbyrh@163.com,b843006988@qq.com,cyangyi1986@163.com Keywords: ceramist performance，concrete, compressive strength，cylinder pressure intensity, particle size, absorption time Abstract.
Experimental Design The experimental equipment: JYS-2000 digital display type building materials pressure test machine, SJD60 type single horizontal shaft forced concrete mixer Materials and mixture ratio The experimental materials are as described above, In order to study on the influence of different particle size, absorption time, influence on shale ceramist concrete strength, 6 groups with different mixing ratio were designed in this experiments, T1-T3 are with different size, T4-T6 are set with different absorption time, each casting 9 standard cube specimens of 150mm * 150mm * 150mm, maintain 7, 28,56 days in standard condition, according to standard method for compressive strength experiment.
Journal of building materials.(2004), in7 volumes
[5] Yang, Weijun; Yang, Yongda; Yang, Yi: Experimental study on frost resistance of the shale ceramist concrete, Applied Mechanics and Materials, v 117-119, p 1754-1758,( 2012)
Advanced Materials Research, v 374-377, p1434-1437, (2012).

The influence of reactants molar ratio, reaction temperature, solvent, catalyst and reaction time on the quaternization reaction were examined, and the optimal conditions were that dimethyl carbonate(DMC):tri-n-octylamine(tri-C8)=5.6:1(molar:molar), methanol:tri-n-octylamine (tri-C8)=1:2 (volume:volume), catalysts 5% of the weight of reactant mixtures(materials fraction), reaction temperature 110℃ and reaction time 8 h.
In 2007, Li Qiuxiao[12].etc put long chain fatty tertiary amine and dimethyl carbonate as raw material and low carbon alcohol as solvent into autoclave.
Experimental Procedures Materials.
References [1] Ibtissem Ben Assaker and Mahmoud Dhahbi: submitted to Journal of Molecular Liquids(2011) [2] Wenjuan Guan and Guiqing Zhang: submitted to The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals(2011).
Journal.( 2009) [4] Rahul Kumar Goyal, N.S.

Materials and Methods Area of Study Teluk Batik Beach is situated about 6.5km from the town of Lumut, where thousands of visitors are welcomed, on the western coast of Perak State, Malaysia.
Journal of Chemistry, 13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5178937 [3] Balogun, A., Yekeen, S.
Environmental Science & Technology, 42(24), 9210–9216. https://doi.org/10.1021/es8022623 [5] Chouksey, M.
International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Research, 6(3), 4713–4718.
The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 43, 1271–1276

Addadi: Design strategies in mineralized biological materials.
Mann: Biomineralization and biomimetic materials, Chemistry.
Currey, Biocomposites: micromechanics of biological hard tissue, Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science Vol. l (1996) p. 440-445 [18] J.F.V.
Raabe: Computational Materials Science (Wiley-VCH, Germany, 1998) [30] Y.
Bouligand: Twisted fibrous arrangement in biological materials and cholesteric mesophases.

Materials and methods Scale plant description Base on special loop channel and scattered point aeration of oxidation ditch, Alternate mixing/aeration sequencing batch reactor simulation point aeration and operation characteristic of oxidation ditch.
Journal of Harbin University of Commerce (Sciences Edition) (in Chinese).
Journal of Harbin university of civil engineering and architecture (in Chinese).
Beijing: China environmental science press. 2002 [11] LEE Hae Goon.
Water science and technology.

For the sake of being in contrast with the reference [2], this paper also takes the achievements of students who are in the first semester of the freshman year and studying in mathematics major of Beijing University of Science and Technology (USTB) as an example to simulate (the data of four-time students with same types and amount of courses, Table 1 presents the corresponding relationship of course and credit).
Acknowledgements This article is funded by the Beijing University of Science and Technology Education Research Project (JG2011ZB02).
References [1] Ping Liu, Journal of Yangtze University (Social Sciences), 2008, 31(3):291-292
[2] Jiuru Dai, Mengyi Li, Wuwei Li, Tian Xia and Zhigang Zhang, Application of Monte Carlo Simulation in College and University Academic Warning: submitted to Advanced Materials Research, 2014
[3] Ping Li, Journal of Shanxi Institute of Education, 2013, 29(1): 96-98

Materials and methods Strains and media.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (20976155 and 20776130).
Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 44, pp. 2-12. (2009) [4] S.A Bucarey, J.
Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 14 (1), pp. 147-148.
Cellular and Molecular Life Science, Vol. 67 (3), pp. 369-385. (2010) [19]S.