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Materials and Methods A.
In general, clay materials contain three kinds of water molecules in their structure.
Mattia, "A review of reverse osmis membrane materials for desalinatin- Development to date and futur potential," Journal of Membrane Science, pp. 370, 1-22, 2011
Notarnicola, "Characteristics and adsorption capacities of low-cost sorbents for wastwater treatment: A review," Sustainable Materials and Thecnologies, pp. 9, 10-40, 2016
Mina-Camilde, "Removal of Copper from Water by Adsorption with Calcium-Algate/Spent-coffe-Grounds Composite Beads," Materials, pp. 12, 395, 2019

Rech, Transparent Conductive Zinc Oxide: Basics and Applications in Thin Film Solar Cells, Springer Series in Materials Science 104, published by Springer, Berlin, Germany (2008)
Yin, Effect of ZnO buffer layer on AZO film properties and photovoltaic applications, Journal of Material Science, 21 (2010) 1005-1013
Park, The influence of substrate temperature on the properties of aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering, Journal of Material Science, 17 (2006) 973–977
Ohring, Materials science of thin films, Second edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 1992
Kang, Influence of the substrate temperature on the optical and electrical properties of Ga-doped ZnO thin films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition, Journal of Material Science, 20 (2009) 704–708

As a result, adjusted materials for different applications were developed.
The joining of dissimilar materials by welding is procedurally limited.
Roll, Development of a Mechanical Joining Process for Automotive Body-In-White Production, International Journal of Material Forming, Volume 3, 2010, pp. 1059–1062
Lee, Parametric study on mechanical clinching process for joining aluminum alloy and high-strength steel sheets, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 24, 2010, pp. 123–126
Kato, Joining of high strength steel and aluminium alloy sheets by mechanical clinching with dies for control of metal flow, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2012, pp. 884–889

Stacking fault energy is a physical nature of metal materials, the value of stacking fault energy is closely related to motion mode of dislocation during the deformation of materials, and directly affects the mechanical properties of materials.
Yao: Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,Vol. 124 (2002), pp.369-378
Kysar: Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 126 (2004), pp.226-236
Yao: Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 129 (2007), pp.485-496
Zhang: Engineering Materials (Huazhong Uinversity of Science and Technology Press, China 1990)

Although its comprehensive use has been studying for many years, utilization efficiency still low and most made as brick, cement, constructing materials, etc, especially in China.
Experimental Materials and Methods Extraction of SiO2 from Coal Gangue.
Summery Silica aerogels could be synthesized by utilizing coal gangue as start materials via ambient pressure drying.
References [1] C.J.Lee, G.S.Kim and S.H.Hyun: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 37(2002), p. 2237 [2] Zaidong Shao, Fengzuan Luo, Xuan Cheng and Ying Zhang: Materials Chemistry and Physics: Vol.141(2013), p. 570 [3] Dafang Zhao, Yiming Chen, Xiaobin Hong and Jing Xu: Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society Vol.32(2004), p. 548 [4] Yimin Chen, Dafang Zhao, Kai Xie and Jiayu Xiao: Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society Vol.33(2005), p. 727 [5] Uzma K.H.
Bangi, In-Keun Jung, Chang-Sun Park, Seungsu Baek and Hyung-Ho Park: Solid State Sciences Vol.18(2013), p. 50 [6] Na Chen, YunYan and Zhihua Hu: Journal of Wuhan University of Technology Vol.33(2011), p. 37 [7] Fei Shi, Jingxao Liu, Kai Song and Zhenyu Wang: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids Vol.356(2010), p. 2241 [8] Fengmei Jia, Li Qin and Xibing Zhao: Inner Mongolia Science Technology&Economy Vol.17(2011), p. 93 [9] Pradip B.

The USDOE-supported lightweight materials efforts in the PNGV were known as Automotive Lighweighting Materials (ALM) and that name persisted in the FC&FP until 2007.
With the conclusion of the USDOE HighStrength Weight Reduction Materials (HSWRM) effort, which focused on applications in the heavy-duty vehicle industry, the materials research in this area is now simply known as Lightweighting Materials (LM).
The new warm-forming system will be used as a standard test bed for the evaluation of these materials as well as new Mg sheet materials produced in the future [8].
[6] Powell, B.R. (2003) Journal of Materials Vol. 55 (November), p. 28.
Ried (2004) SAE Special Publication SP-1845, Technical Paper No. 2004-01-0654 and SAE 2004 Transactions, Journal of Materials and Manufacturing, 5 (2005) pp. 250-259.

Study of Road Performance between Rub-concrete and Normal Concrete Materials Long Wang1,a, Xiaoguang Xie2,b, Lulu Fan3,c 1 School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 150090 2 School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 150090 3 School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 150090 ahitlongwang@sina.com, bxxg75@126.com, cfanlulu@163.com Keyword: rubber cement concrete; flexural modulus; damping performance; fatigue performance ; surface properties ; performance prediction Abstract.
Highway cement concrete mixing materials requirements heavy traffic conditions 28 days folding strength not less than 5 MPa, two kind of mixture cement concrete curing to provisions of the cement flexural strength such as shown in table 1.
[4] Hou Jie, Gao Pei Wei.Development Prospects of Highway Cement Concrete Pavement [J].Jiang Su Building Materials, 2006, 4:22-24
[7] Kang Jing Fu, Ren Hai Bo, hang Pin Zu.Cracing Resistance and Property of Rubberized Concrete [J].Journal of Composite Materials, 2006, 6:158-162
Adding Crumb Rubber into Exterior Wall Materials [J].Waste Management and Research.2003, 2:20-24

Influence of pulse frequency on mullite coatings prepared by pulse arc discharge deposition process and activation energy* Bo-Zhang, Jian-feng Huang, Cui-yan Li, Li-yun Cao, Hai-bo Ou Yang, Lei-Zhou, Zhe-Bai (School of materials science & Engineering, Shaanxi university of science & technology, Xi，an 710021, China) E-mail: huangjfsust@126.com *Corresponding author.
Mullite coatings were prepared on C/C-SiC composites surface by pulse arc discharge deposition using mullite powder as source materials.
They are thus outstanding materials for use as aeronautical, aerospace field and so on [1,2].
Yang: Journal of Materials Engineering, Vol. 8 (1997), p.8-10 (In Chinese)
Zou: Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 114 (2009) No.1, p. 434-438

Garrett, Small scale resistance spot welding of Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 (Vitreloy 101) bulk metallic glass, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 213 (2013) 2042-2048
Zhou, Numerical study on the effect of electrode force in small-scale resistance spot welding, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 139 (2003) 635-641
Farson, Analytical modeling of heat conduction for small scale resistance spot welding process, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 178(1-3) (2006) 251-258
Effgen, Optimization of resistance spot welding on the assembly of refractory alloy 50Mo-50Re thin sheet, Journal of Nuclear Materials 366 (2007) 417-425
Yamamoto, Small-scale resistance spot welding of austenitic stainless steels, Materials Science and Engineering A 492 (2008) 243-249

[2] Wen, C.E., Yamada, Y., Shimojima, K., Chino, Y., Hosokawa, H. and Mabuchi, M. (2002) Novel titanium foam for bone tissue engineering, Journal of Materials Research 17, 2633-2639
[6] Mcpherson, R., Gane, N. and Bastow, T.J. (1995) Structural characterization of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings, Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 6, 327-334
[8] Kurzweg, H., Heimann, R.B. and Troczynski, T. (1998) Adhesion of thermally sprayed hydroxyapatite-bond-coat systems measured by a novel peel test, Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 9, 9-16
[9] Zhitomirsky, I. and Gal-Or, L. (1997) Electrophoretic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite, Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 8, 213-219
[10] Liu, D.M., Troczynski, T. and Hakimi, D. (2002) Effect of hydrolysis on the phase evolution of water-based sol-gel hydroxyapatite and its application to bioactive coatings, Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 13, 657-665