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Online since: June 2014
Authors: U.K. Zhapbasbayev, G.I. Ramazanova, Z.K. Sattinova
The heat of aggregate transition of the beryllia slurry is found by experimental data and is equal to Hk=7800 J/kg [4].
Discussion of the Calculated Data Calculations were carried out for the slurry with account of rheological properties before and after ultrasonic exposure.
According to the experimental data, change in aggregate state takes place at the temperature of θf=55℃.
Calculation data confirm the experimental fact that, ultrasonic exposure, raising the fluidness of the slurry, reduces the molding velocity during the formation process to get ceramic fabrications.
Calculation data for without ultrasonic exposure (Fig.3a) and with ultrasonic exposure (Fig.3.b) here are also shown.
Discussion of the Calculated Data Calculations were carried out for the slurry with account of rheological properties before and after ultrasonic exposure.
According to the experimental data, change in aggregate state takes place at the temperature of θf=55℃.
Calculation data confirm the experimental fact that, ultrasonic exposure, raising the fluidness of the slurry, reduces the molding velocity during the formation process to get ceramic fabrications.
Calculation data for without ultrasonic exposure (Fig.3a) and with ultrasonic exposure (Fig.3.b) here are also shown.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: M.H. Aliabadi, Shi Yang Meng
However, caution must be taken when exchanging the data from one platform to the other due to differences in data format used by the two software.
Core module for signal generation and acquisition – To perform wave generation, acquisition, signal processing and data storage at each connection that routed by the switch.
Firstly, the data acquisition time is significantly reduced when using the switch rather than the manual switching.
For an array of four transducers as an example, it takes about 30 minutes for manual switching but only about 2 minutes for switch card to finish the data acquisition.
Giurgiutiu, "Automation of data collection for PWAS-based structural health monitoring," in Smart Structures and Materials, 2005, pp. 1139-1147
Core module for signal generation and acquisition – To perform wave generation, acquisition, signal processing and data storage at each connection that routed by the switch.
Firstly, the data acquisition time is significantly reduced when using the switch rather than the manual switching.
For an array of four transducers as an example, it takes about 30 minutes for manual switching but only about 2 minutes for switch card to finish the data acquisition.
Giurgiutiu, "Automation of data collection for PWAS-based structural health monitoring," in Smart Structures and Materials, 2005, pp. 1139-1147
Online since: May 2004
Authors: S. Mentus, B. Šljukić, N. Vukelić
Since one deals here with the acidic aqueous
solution, on the basis of standard electrode potential
data, possible electrode reactions in this case
involve:
a) proton reduction, at potentials below -0.4 V:
H
+ + e = ½ H2 (I)
b) water reduction, at potentials below 0.9 V
H2O + e = ½ H2 + OH
(II)
c) water oxidation, at potentials above 1.1 V:
H2O = ½ O2 + 2H
+ + 2e (III)
The reaction (I), in slightly acidic solution
such as 2.5 mM H2SO4, on platinum group metal
electrodes, attains easily a diffusion limitation, and
therefore it is used here as a test reaction to prove the
fastness of electron-transfer step in proton reduction
(instead of Tafel analysis, which may be insecure in the case of porous electrode materials [16].
Contrary to this, during cathodic polarization, Ni-GC shows a monotonous rise of current toward the potential region of water reduction, and since the proton reduction does not reach diffusion limitations in the region 0.6 to 0.9 V, electron transfer step is obviously slow.
Compared to Vulcan, Ni-GC exhibits an obvious superiority in the water reduction region, which overruns the possible effect of difference in specific surfaces, and indicates the effect of incorporated nickel.
Compared to Vulcan, Ni-GC shows advantage in water reduction region, which is attributed to the effect of incorporated nickel.
Slight surface platinization enables both investigated carbon materials to show diffusion limitation of acidic proton reduction in 2.5 mM H2SO4 solution, with certain superiority of Ni-GC.
Contrary to this, during cathodic polarization, Ni-GC shows a monotonous rise of current toward the potential region of water reduction, and since the proton reduction does not reach diffusion limitations in the region 0.6 to 0.9 V, electron transfer step is obviously slow.
Compared to Vulcan, Ni-GC exhibits an obvious superiority in the water reduction region, which overruns the possible effect of difference in specific surfaces, and indicates the effect of incorporated nickel.
Compared to Vulcan, Ni-GC shows advantage in water reduction region, which is attributed to the effect of incorporated nickel.
Slight surface platinization enables both investigated carbon materials to show diffusion limitation of acidic proton reduction in 2.5 mM H2SO4 solution, with certain superiority of Ni-GC.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Li Qun Wang, Zhong Xiang Wei, Zhong Bo Yi
The process of low-temperature carbonization that refining semi-coke and its comprehensive utilization was provided by these reference data.
Table 1 Analysis data of low rank coal Proximate analysis/% Ultimate analysis /% Mad Aad Vdaf FCd Cd Hd Od Nd Sd 5.51 7.55 33.96 54.48 68.53 4.95 10.03 1.08 0.23 Carbonization experiments.
The ratio of volatile reduction gradually became larger with temperature increasing.
The reduction of low rank coal mass play a major role, and the ash content increase, but increase cloudiness.
In Figure 7 (a), the low rank coal chars aromatic carbon was 1.165 to 1.373, the average reduction ring 1.286 to 1.473 (holding time 5 min).
Table 1 Analysis data of low rank coal Proximate analysis/% Ultimate analysis /% Mad Aad Vdaf FCd Cd Hd Od Nd Sd 5.51 7.55 33.96 54.48 68.53 4.95 10.03 1.08 0.23 Carbonization experiments.
The ratio of volatile reduction gradually became larger with temperature increasing.
The reduction of low rank coal mass play a major role, and the ash content increase, but increase cloudiness.
In Figure 7 (a), the low rank coal chars aromatic carbon was 1.165 to 1.373, the average reduction ring 1.286 to 1.473 (holding time 5 min).
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Feng Jun Wang
Automobile ride comfort, ride comfort, the engine vibration reduction and isolation are inseparable from the vibration analysis.
On the other hand with the known source to motivate the research object, and measured the response to the understanding of the characteristics of the system, called system identification, comprising the steps of: selecting the excitation source, the analysis of vibration system, the research of measurement points, placement of sensors, measuring signal analysis and processing, to conclude the analysis; powertrain dynamic simulation of vibration system: on the powertrain entity model building, and after selecting materials are analyzed, by changing the initial condition of the system to analyze the transmission of the powertrain response variation rules, so as to work out the best state of vibration isolation and vibration reduction measures.
Therefore, according to the actual engine assembly is mainly structural features, using SDRC/I-deas10 software to establish the three-dimensional model of 6 degrees of freedom, using finite element analysis method, modal of engine assembly, which lay a foundation for the further reduction of vibration and noise.
The partition size and cavity between the determined by the test, namely using simplified after the engine vibration test, test data of the data and the actual engine for anastomosis.
Noise and Vibration Reduction of Newly Developed 3.0l Direct Injection Diesel Engine.
On the other hand with the known source to motivate the research object, and measured the response to the understanding of the characteristics of the system, called system identification, comprising the steps of: selecting the excitation source, the analysis of vibration system, the research of measurement points, placement of sensors, measuring signal analysis and processing, to conclude the analysis; powertrain dynamic simulation of vibration system: on the powertrain entity model building, and after selecting materials are analyzed, by changing the initial condition of the system to analyze the transmission of the powertrain response variation rules, so as to work out the best state of vibration isolation and vibration reduction measures.
Therefore, according to the actual engine assembly is mainly structural features, using SDRC/I-deas10 software to establish the three-dimensional model of 6 degrees of freedom, using finite element analysis method, modal of engine assembly, which lay a foundation for the further reduction of vibration and noise.
The partition size and cavity between the determined by the test, namely using simplified after the engine vibration test, test data of the data and the actual engine for anastomosis.
Noise and Vibration Reduction of Newly Developed 3.0l Direct Injection Diesel Engine.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Hong Tao Liu, Xiao Chu Wang, Wei Li
How to make waste tires become recycling, reduction, sound, which is important for social issues of environmental protection and is the important premise and assurance of sustainable development of China's national economy.
Rubber can be help to improve the concrete toughness, vibration reduction, resistance noise performance and impact resistance.
But Rubber could lead to concrete compressive and flexural strength reduction, which is not conducive to used in road works, so researching rubber concrete is necessary.
Test data of concrete mix proportion is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Dosage of Silica Fume Concrete Mix Test Data Table Concrete mix proportion silica fume dosages 10%C Cement: Sand: Stone: Water: Silica fume :Defoamer :Water-reducing agent: Sodium citrate 1:1.053:2.705:0.4:0.082:0.003:0.017:0.0004 Table 3 Test Results Table of Dosage of Silica Fume Concrete Category substitute mode 28d compressive strength flexural strength cleavage strength concrete of no rubber particles and no modifiers fine aggregate 70.0 6.91 4.2 coarse aggregate 65.5 6.65 4.1 concrete of Silica fume modifier of10% fine aggregate 77.1 7.36 4.6 coarse aggregate 78.6 7.63 4.7 (a)Density (b)Compressive Strength (c)Flexural Strength (d)Ratio of Compressive Strength (e)Cleavage Strength Fig. 1 Density and Variation of The Basic Mechanical Properties Table 3 and Figure 1 can be obtained: The cement concrete of 10% silica fume modifier is compared with cement concrete of non-mixed
Rubber can be help to improve the concrete toughness, vibration reduction, resistance noise performance and impact resistance.
But Rubber could lead to concrete compressive and flexural strength reduction, which is not conducive to used in road works, so researching rubber concrete is necessary.
Test data of concrete mix proportion is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Dosage of Silica Fume Concrete Mix Test Data Table Concrete mix proportion silica fume dosages 10%C Cement: Sand: Stone: Water: Silica fume :Defoamer :Water-reducing agent: Sodium citrate 1:1.053:2.705:0.4:0.082:0.003:0.017:0.0004 Table 3 Test Results Table of Dosage of Silica Fume Concrete Category substitute mode 28d compressive strength flexural strength cleavage strength concrete of no rubber particles and no modifiers fine aggregate 70.0 6.91 4.2 coarse aggregate 65.5 6.65 4.1 concrete of Silica fume modifier of10% fine aggregate 77.1 7.36 4.6 coarse aggregate 78.6 7.63 4.7 (a)Density (b)Compressive Strength (c)Flexural Strength (d)Ratio of Compressive Strength (e)Cleavage Strength Fig. 1 Density and Variation of The Basic Mechanical Properties Table 3 and Figure 1 can be obtained: The cement concrete of 10% silica fume modifier is compared with cement concrete of non-mixed
Online since: January 2010
Authors: João Manuel R. S. Tavares, António Torres Marques, Luís Miguel P. Durão, Daniel J.S. Gonçalves, Victor Hugo Costa Albuquerque
The use of a pilot hole enables a thrust force reduction by dividing the operation in two, thus
reducing the indentation effect of the final drill.
All the holes had a diameter of 6 mm and associated with twist drill, a 1,5 mm pilot hole was made for thrust force reduction.
During drilling, axial thrust forces were monitored with a Kistler 9257B dynamometer associated to an amplifier and a computer for data collection.
However, a reduction in feed rate also has a consequence on temperature build-up increasing the risk of thermal damages.
An example of delamination diameter determination using data from this image processing and analysis pipeline can be seen in Fig. 6.
All the holes had a diameter of 6 mm and associated with twist drill, a 1,5 mm pilot hole was made for thrust force reduction.
During drilling, axial thrust forces were monitored with a Kistler 9257B dynamometer associated to an amplifier and a computer for data collection.
However, a reduction in feed rate also has a consequence on temperature build-up increasing the risk of thermal damages.
An example of delamination diameter determination using data from this image processing and analysis pipeline can be seen in Fig. 6.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Yong Jian Liu, Hai Yan Liu, Long Dong, Shuang Tong, Ke Ming Xu
There are a lot of emission of waste fluid in papermaking every year , and the environment have been seriously polluted because lack of making full use, so the extraction of lignin has great significance in increasing economic efficiency and reduction of environmental pollution [3].
With the reduction of the pH value, hydrogen ion replace sodium ion , the positively charged lignin transform to negatively charged acid-precipitation that undissolved in water.
With the reduction of the pH value, the yield of acid-precipitation increased.
Orthogonal experiments results and data analysis Table 2 The orthogonal experiments results NO pH Reaction temperature [℃] Flocculation time [min] Flocculation temperature[℃] Yield[g·L-1] 1 2 40 10 60 39.10 2 2 50 20 70 40.21 3 2 60 30 80 39.76 4 3 40 20 80 37.12 5 3 50 30 60 38.27 6 3 60 10 70 37.87 7 4 40 30 70 38.30 8 4 50 10 80 33.84 9 4 60 20 60 38.17 Table 3 The experiments data analysis NO pH Reaction temperature [℃] Flocculation time [min] Flocculation temperature [℃] 1 39.69 38.17 36.94 38.51 2 37.76 37.44 38.50 38.79 3 36.77 38.60 38.78 36.91 δ 2.92 1.16 1.84 1.88 For the four factors: flocculation pH , flocculation temperature, flocculation time, reaction temperature , use the multiple factor of orthogonal experiment to select the best factor.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the the national science and technology major special subject“Improving the efficiency of heavy oil steam flooding technology” (2011ZX05012-003),the national natural science fund projects“Techniques study progress of heavy oil downhole upgrading and viscosity reduction and new mining technology basic research”(NO.21046002)and the natural science foundation of Heilongjiang province ( QC08C33 ).
With the reduction of the pH value, hydrogen ion replace sodium ion , the positively charged lignin transform to negatively charged acid-precipitation that undissolved in water.
With the reduction of the pH value, the yield of acid-precipitation increased.
Orthogonal experiments results and data analysis Table 2 The orthogonal experiments results NO pH Reaction temperature [℃] Flocculation time [min] Flocculation temperature[℃] Yield[g·L-1] 1 2 40 10 60 39.10 2 2 50 20 70 40.21 3 2 60 30 80 39.76 4 3 40 20 80 37.12 5 3 50 30 60 38.27 6 3 60 10 70 37.87 7 4 40 30 70 38.30 8 4 50 10 80 33.84 9 4 60 20 60 38.17 Table 3 The experiments data analysis NO pH Reaction temperature [℃] Flocculation time [min] Flocculation temperature [℃] 1 39.69 38.17 36.94 38.51 2 37.76 37.44 38.50 38.79 3 36.77 38.60 38.78 36.91 δ 2.92 1.16 1.84 1.88 For the four factors: flocculation pH , flocculation temperature, flocculation time, reaction temperature , use the multiple factor of orthogonal experiment to select the best factor.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the the national science and technology major special subject“Improving the efficiency of heavy oil steam flooding technology” (2011ZX05012-003),the national natural science fund projects“Techniques study progress of heavy oil downhole upgrading and viscosity reduction and new mining technology basic research”(NO.21046002)and the natural science foundation of Heilongjiang province ( QC08C33 ).
Online since: October 2018
Authors: A.A. Zakharova, E.V. Telipenko, E.V. Molnina, T.Yu. Chernysheva
To accelerate the process, it was decided to develop a program that will calculate the dimensionless function based on user input of the experimental data [15], [16], [17].
The output data are: Rational amount of powder and Evaluation of the effectiveness of the solution. 2.
Such data are: Information about the properties of nanopowder, base metal, welding regimes.
After the analysis of the input data has been completed, the processed data passing under the user's requirements will be transferred to the calculation stage. 3.
At the calculation stage, based on the analyzed data, the value of the dimensionless function is calculated: f =s∙e v where the thickness of the dendrite is s (μm); the width of the dendrite is e (μm); the volume of a drop of electrode metal is v (mm3).
The output data are: Rational amount of powder and Evaluation of the effectiveness of the solution. 2.
Such data are: Information about the properties of nanopowder, base metal, welding regimes.
After the analysis of the input data has been completed, the processed data passing under the user's requirements will be transferred to the calculation stage. 3.
At the calculation stage, based on the analyzed data, the value of the dimensionless function is calculated: f =s∙e v where the thickness of the dendrite is s (μm); the width of the dendrite is e (μm); the volume of a drop of electrode metal is v (mm3).
Online since: February 2018
Authors: Zbyněk Keršner, Iva Rozsypalová, Petr Daněk, Hana Šimonová, Tomáš Trčka, Michal Bejček
It allows to control defined specimen motion, continuous data recording from the 2D laser profile scanner, obtained data pre-processing (profiles averaging, filtration, etc.) and after that their saving to the resulting data matrix.
The final specimen’s topography can be also displayed using this software and some additional operations can be performed (cutting off the monitored area, rendering 2D and 3D surfaces, saving results in different data formats, etc.).
The issues connected with choosing the distance between the obtained line profiles should be solved with respect to achieving a compromise between the expected measurement accuracy, the amount of processed and evaluated data and the technical difficulty of designed measurement system.
The resulting determination of the fracture surface area from the obtained data was solved by a simple algorithm which allows to quantify the approximate area between the four neighbouring points of the data matrix (z-axis) by the dividing of the resulting pattern into two triangles in a 3D coordinate system.
The increasing maximum temperatures in furnace in the range between 550 to 1000 °C led to a significant reduction of the modulus of elasticity value, a slight reduction of fracture toughness value and a significant increase of fracture energy values.
The final specimen’s topography can be also displayed using this software and some additional operations can be performed (cutting off the monitored area, rendering 2D and 3D surfaces, saving results in different data formats, etc.).
The issues connected with choosing the distance between the obtained line profiles should be solved with respect to achieving a compromise between the expected measurement accuracy, the amount of processed and evaluated data and the technical difficulty of designed measurement system.
The resulting determination of the fracture surface area from the obtained data was solved by a simple algorithm which allows to quantify the approximate area between the four neighbouring points of the data matrix (z-axis) by the dividing of the resulting pattern into two triangles in a 3D coordinate system.
The increasing maximum temperatures in furnace in the range between 550 to 1000 °C led to a significant reduction of the modulus of elasticity value, a slight reduction of fracture toughness value and a significant increase of fracture energy values.