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Online since: October 2014
Authors: A. Chernyakov, E. Alferova, D. Lychagin
Connection of the obtained results and test data on heterogeneity of plastic deformation of nickel and aluminum single crystals is discussed.
Boundary data were used to solve a set of the equations.
The data stated above are received for an isotropic material.
The similar analysis of shift symmetry for other crystallographic orientations showed bigger symmetry reduction.
Comparing of the data in this paper to experimental data on distribution of deformation inhomogeneity resulted in their coherence.
Boundary data were used to solve a set of the equations.
The data stated above are received for an isotropic material.
The similar analysis of shift symmetry for other crystallographic orientations showed bigger symmetry reduction.
Comparing of the data in this paper to experimental data on distribution of deformation inhomogeneity resulted in their coherence.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Guang Hui Lv, Jin Hao Liu, Dian Wang, Nai Kang Wang
After the experiments on the pressure of the roll and the analysis
of the data, by the calculation of axial pressure transfer coefficient of the roll, has determined the
best pressure of membrane mulching.
But the contradiction between the rapid increase of seedlings in forestry and the reduction of improved varieties is also appeared.
There are 40 groups of data which is measured under different load states and the average is calculated out based on the data.
The average pressure of A is 0.635 Kg, B is 0.575Kg and C is 0.4 Kg, from which the trend of the numerical valve variation and pressure distribution relation of the three points could be obtained based on the data.
The principle of mulching nutrition membrane was analyzed, the pressure model was built, the pressure on roll was tested and the data of which was analyzed later, after that the pressure transfer coefficients were confirmed.
But the contradiction between the rapid increase of seedlings in forestry and the reduction of improved varieties is also appeared.
There are 40 groups of data which is measured under different load states and the average is calculated out based on the data.
The average pressure of A is 0.635 Kg, B is 0.575Kg and C is 0.4 Kg, from which the trend of the numerical valve variation and pressure distribution relation of the three points could be obtained based on the data.
The principle of mulching nutrition membrane was analyzed, the pressure model was built, the pressure on roll was tested and the data of which was analyzed later, after that the pressure transfer coefficients were confirmed.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Pedro Dinis Gaspar, P.D. Silva, J. Nunes, L.P. Andrade
The study is based on the result analysis of survey data and energy characteristics of the participating companies.
This context fits the relevance of studies that allow the reduction or rationalization of energy consumption [1].
Also, the Chill-on project [6] was developed to improve the quality and safety, transparency and traceability of the chilled/frozen supply chain by developing cost-effective technologies, devices and approaches for continuous monitoring and recording of the relevant data and processing the data for information management throughout the entire supply chain.
The characterization of companies was performed by sector and by industry, relying on the following topics: (1) General company information such activity, location, covered area, classification of economic activity, and quantitative information of raw material and final products, supplies and energy consumption; (2) Technical data collected on the facilities and equipment as cold stores features (size and layout), refrigerants used, heat transfer fluids, compressed air systems and energy efficiency measures; (3) Documents provided by companies like plant facilities and flowchart of production processes and/or storage; (4) Additional information about a previous analysis of energy efficiency, in terms of inefficiencies found in equipment and facilities.
Range (minimum to maximum) of general indicators per sector Sector Employees Business volume (103€/year) Raw material (ton/year) Final product (ton/year) Electricity (MWh/year) Meat 4 - 48 250 – 8000 42 – 4466 27 – 3349 38 – 1014 Dairy 6 -31 130 – 6000 140 – 1500 25 – 1322 27 – 1454 Horticultural 2 - 26 200 - 2500 400 - 4650 400 - 4650 25 - 1025 Distribution 9 -67 500 - 12500 30 - 2500 30 - 2500 136 – 1027 Wine 1 -22 50 - 4687 50 - 13000 33 – 9750 [kl] 9 - 230 Results Analysis and Discussion In order to evaluate the national panorama and identify the practice measures that promote energy efficiency strategies, surveys and audits data was obtained, crosschecked and analysed.
This context fits the relevance of studies that allow the reduction or rationalization of energy consumption [1].
Also, the Chill-on project [6] was developed to improve the quality and safety, transparency and traceability of the chilled/frozen supply chain by developing cost-effective technologies, devices and approaches for continuous monitoring and recording of the relevant data and processing the data for information management throughout the entire supply chain.
The characterization of companies was performed by sector and by industry, relying on the following topics: (1) General company information such activity, location, covered area, classification of economic activity, and quantitative information of raw material and final products, supplies and energy consumption; (2) Technical data collected on the facilities and equipment as cold stores features (size and layout), refrigerants used, heat transfer fluids, compressed air systems and energy efficiency measures; (3) Documents provided by companies like plant facilities and flowchart of production processes and/or storage; (4) Additional information about a previous analysis of energy efficiency, in terms of inefficiencies found in equipment and facilities.
Range (minimum to maximum) of general indicators per sector Sector Employees Business volume (103€/year) Raw material (ton/year) Final product (ton/year) Electricity (MWh/year) Meat 4 - 48 250 – 8000 42 – 4466 27 – 3349 38 – 1014 Dairy 6 -31 130 – 6000 140 – 1500 25 – 1322 27 – 1454 Horticultural 2 - 26 200 - 2500 400 - 4650 400 - 4650 25 - 1025 Distribution 9 -67 500 - 12500 30 - 2500 30 - 2500 136 – 1027 Wine 1 -22 50 - 4687 50 - 13000 33 – 9750 [kl] 9 - 230 Results Analysis and Discussion In order to evaluate the national panorama and identify the practice measures that promote energy efficiency strategies, surveys and audits data was obtained, crosschecked and analysed.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Gundolf Kopp, Horst E. Friedrich, Michael Kriescher, Simon M. Brückmann
For this reason, different models were investigated in order to calculate the Young’s modulus and the yield strength of the foams and then compared with the manufacturer data.
Fig. 4: Yield strength over density: Comparison of manufacturer data with analytically calculated values In the case of a foam density of 100 kg/m³, the manufacturer data for Young’s modulus agrees with the calculated values according to Menges & Knipschild.
In the case of a foam density above 100 kg/m³, all calculated values are above the manufacturer data quoted here.
Here, in the lower density range, the calculation values according to Maiti are below, and in the upper range above the manufacturer data.
The physical test data generated is required for extrapolating the tests to generic sandwich elements.
Fig. 4: Yield strength over density: Comparison of manufacturer data with analytically calculated values In the case of a foam density of 100 kg/m³, the manufacturer data for Young’s modulus agrees with the calculated values according to Menges & Knipschild.
In the case of a foam density above 100 kg/m³, all calculated values are above the manufacturer data quoted here.
Here, in the lower density range, the calculation values according to Maiti are below, and in the upper range above the manufacturer data.
The physical test data generated is required for extrapolating the tests to generic sandwich elements.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Li Hui Liu, Huan Ping Xin
As is well known, it is hard to directly obtain agricultural carbon emissions from the existing statistical data.
According to the reported data, the agricultural carbon emission coefficients are shown in Table 1.
Note 3: The data used mainly comes from Guangdong rural statistical yearbook, part of the default data are instead by the moving average value.
The estimated data of Guangdong agricultural carbon emissions are presented in table 2.
Other data are derived from Guangdong rural statistical yearbook (1992-2013).The total population was calculated according to the Guangdong resident population.
According to the reported data, the agricultural carbon emission coefficients are shown in Table 1.
Note 3: The data used mainly comes from Guangdong rural statistical yearbook, part of the default data are instead by the moving average value.
The estimated data of Guangdong agricultural carbon emissions are presented in table 2.
Other data are derived from Guangdong rural statistical yearbook (1992-2013).The total population was calculated according to the Guangdong resident population.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Wen She He, Long Yuan, Shuang Mei Chang
For strength reduction method [4], the safe factor was defined as the reduction degree for the shear strength of rock mass when the geotechnical engineering just reached critical damage condition (Duncan 1996) [5].
This strength reduction method applied to explicit finite difference method could be expressed as: keep the gravity acceleration of geotechnical engineering as a constant.
A group of new strength index C' and j' were obtained by reducing the shear strength parameters gradually, that is, the values of C and j were divided by reduction factor Fs.
The geotechnical engineering safety factor could be obtained as Eq. (2) and (3): C' = C / Fs (2) j'=arctan(tanj/Fs) (3) Where,C is the cohesion of soil, C' is the cohesion of soil after reduction, j is the angle of internal friction, j' is the angle of internal friction after reduction.
Calculations parameter.The calculated parameters were selected based on the data of the test [6] .Weight degree of landslide mass is 1900 N/m3 at natural state, and 2020N/m3 at saturation state.
This strength reduction method applied to explicit finite difference method could be expressed as: keep the gravity acceleration of geotechnical engineering as a constant.
A group of new strength index C' and j' were obtained by reducing the shear strength parameters gradually, that is, the values of C and j were divided by reduction factor Fs.
The geotechnical engineering safety factor could be obtained as Eq. (2) and (3): C' = C / Fs (2) j'=arctan(tanj/Fs) (3) Where,C is the cohesion of soil, C' is the cohesion of soil after reduction, j is the angle of internal friction, j' is the angle of internal friction after reduction.
Calculations parameter.The calculated parameters were selected based on the data of the test [6] .Weight degree of landslide mass is 1900 N/m3 at natural state, and 2020N/m3 at saturation state.
Online since: March 2016
Authors: Indra Vir Singh, Himanshu Pathak, Akhilendra Singh
Meshfree methods need only nodal data to build the approximation.
The maximum reduction in KI is found 54.2% for a crack length of 15 mm.
Reduction in stress field at patch repaired side can be clearly seen from Fig. 6.
A substantial reduction in stress intensity factor is observed due to the presence of patch.
About 50% reduction in SIF is observed for a crack length of 15 mm.
The maximum reduction in KI is found 54.2% for a crack length of 15 mm.
Reduction in stress field at patch repaired side can be clearly seen from Fig. 6.
A substantial reduction in stress intensity factor is observed due to the presence of patch.
About 50% reduction in SIF is observed for a crack length of 15 mm.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Miguel Ángel Sebastián, Cristina González Gaya, Ana Maria Camacho, Eva María Rubio
However, for high semiangles (α ≥ 12º), coincidences appear between plane
strain results for a particular reduction and axisymmetrical ones for a lower reduction.
Besides, results are more similar as the reduction increases.
FEM-Wistreich results for µ = 0,03 and different reductions In Fig. 6, results for µ = 0,03 and two values of reduction (r = 0,30 and r = 0,40) are gathered.
A wide range of reductions is taken, from r = 0,1 to r = 0,4; a Coulomb friction coefficient µ = 0,1 and a die semiangle α = 5,5º.
In the same figure, experimental data obtained by Lueg and Pomp are drawn.
Besides, results are more similar as the reduction increases.
FEM-Wistreich results for µ = 0,03 and different reductions In Fig. 6, results for µ = 0,03 and two values of reduction (r = 0,30 and r = 0,40) are gathered.
A wide range of reductions is taken, from r = 0,1 to r = 0,4; a Coulomb friction coefficient µ = 0,1 and a die semiangle α = 5,5º.
In the same figure, experimental data obtained by Lueg and Pomp are drawn.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Valentina Dami, Giovanni Baldi, Andrea Cioni, Annalisa Soldi, Arianna Signorini
The data expressions are in percentage of analyte reduction and are corrected for the data derived from the empty chamber and the blank.
As we can see in the figure the reduction of the initial value (500 ppbv) of the NOx is about 95%.
Figure 6 shows 95% of NOx reduction in one hour.
The reduction of 95% of BTEX occurs after only 1 hour.
The ageing test was used to evaluate the resistance to cleaning cycles of TiO2 coating on ceramic tiles and the data obtained with the contact angle method are reported in the graph below (fig.9).
As we can see in the figure the reduction of the initial value (500 ppbv) of the NOx is about 95%.
Figure 6 shows 95% of NOx reduction in one hour.
The reduction of 95% of BTEX occurs after only 1 hour.
The ageing test was used to evaluate the resistance to cleaning cycles of TiO2 coating on ceramic tiles and the data obtained with the contact angle method are reported in the graph below (fig.9).
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Daniel Kurnia, Nia Kurniati, Ivylentine Datu Palittin, I.M. Sutjahja
We also study the amount of additives needed for effective reduction of subcooling and its phase stability by performing the cycling process.
The data are taken using time interval 5 second for total measurement time about 2.5 hours.
The experiments were repeated several times to obtain the cycling stability data of each sample.
The room temperature at each time the data were taken is also shown on each figure.
Data of the room temperature is also displayed.
The data are taken using time interval 5 second for total measurement time about 2.5 hours.
The experiments were repeated several times to obtain the cycling stability data of each sample.
The room temperature at each time the data were taken is also shown on each figure.
Data of the room temperature is also displayed.