Sort by:
Publication Type:
Open access:
Publication Date:
Periodicals:
Search results
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Yuan Liang Li, Jin Gang Liu, Qing Jun Zhang, Wen Ling Mo, Li Mei Jiang, Yu Zhu Zhang
Results and discussion
Based on multifractal algorithm and the pressure mercury meter experimental data, in the same experiment conditions, different basicity of low silica sinter samples 1#-5# sample pore distribution situation of the multifractal analysis.
The data α and f(α) from Figure 2, multifractal spectrum width Δa and multifractal corresponding fractal dimension difference Δ f (α) can be obtained for 1 # - 5 # sample, and the results are shown in Table 3.
Fig.2 Multifractal analysis result of the low Fig.3 The relationship between R and silicon sinter pore distribution of different R metallurgical properties Table 3 Multifractal parameters of test sample pore distribution Figure 3 is the relationship of sinter basicity and metallurgical properties, the diagram shows, the low temperature reduction degradation and reducibility of low silicon sinter, with the rise of basicity has the tendency of increase gradually, due to the load softening performance initial temperature is higher, the interval more narrow and more better, from Figure 3 shows its performance with the rise of alkalinity deterioration.
Moreover, sinter crack generally occur in skeletal shape secondary hematite crystal concentration place, around hematite, hematite internal and glass phase has more stomata, changes can ease the hematite to magnetite restore phase transition at low temperature, prevent crack diffusion, and then reduce the low temperature reduction degradation rate, improve the performance of low temperature reduction degradation.
The data α and f(α) from Figure 2, multifractal spectrum width Δa and multifractal corresponding fractal dimension difference Δ f (α) can be obtained for 1 # - 5 # sample, and the results are shown in Table 3.
Fig.2 Multifractal analysis result of the low Fig.3 The relationship between R and silicon sinter pore distribution of different R metallurgical properties Table 3 Multifractal parameters of test sample pore distribution Figure 3 is the relationship of sinter basicity and metallurgical properties, the diagram shows, the low temperature reduction degradation and reducibility of low silicon sinter, with the rise of basicity has the tendency of increase gradually, due to the load softening performance initial temperature is higher, the interval more narrow and more better, from Figure 3 shows its performance with the rise of alkalinity deterioration.
Moreover, sinter crack generally occur in skeletal shape secondary hematite crystal concentration place, around hematite, hematite internal and glass phase has more stomata, changes can ease the hematite to magnetite restore phase transition at low temperature, prevent crack diffusion, and then reduce the low temperature reduction degradation rate, improve the performance of low temperature reduction degradation.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Shi Qin He, Peng Fei Li, Zhong Feng Zhu, He Li
Mass experiments and data analysis were carried out to conserves the total volume of cement and fly ash when the total mass of sand, gravel and water is constant.
Table 3 The LCIA Datum for Concrete Synergic system Life cycle process of concrete Electricity Transportation (5t·km-1) Coal (103kg) Raw materials production(103kg) Cement production (103kg) Concrete production(m3) Coal/kg Standard coal equivalent 0.424kg,0.0124G 204.4 Gasoline Gasoline0.2L,0.004G Electricity(kwh) 13.89 13.89 123.3 2 CO2(kg) 0.938 0.0673 885 Waste(kg) 0.1023 40 Energy consumption of concrete manufacturing is assumed as 2kwh/m3.
Table 4 LCIA Datum for Conctete System NO.
Coal(kg) CO2 (kg) Waste(kg) Reduction of coal consumption( %) Emission reduction for CO2(%) Reduction of waste (%) NC 111.4 411.95 23.36 0 0 0 A SCC1 58.00 202.77 12.41 47.94 50.78 46.88 SCC2 50.12 171.90 10.8 55.01 58.27 53.77 SCC3 47.22 160.30 10.21 57.61 61.09 56.29 B SCC1 76.69 275.98 -179.3 31.16 33.01 <0 SCC2 70.04 249.92 -198.8 37.13 39.33 <0 SCC3 66.79 237.05 -209.9 40.04 42.46 <0 Table 5 The Decrease of Environmental burden Item NO.
Table 3 The LCIA Datum for Concrete Synergic system Life cycle process of concrete Electricity Transportation (5t·km-1) Coal (103kg) Raw materials production(103kg) Cement production (103kg) Concrete production(m3) Coal/kg Standard coal equivalent 0.424kg,0.0124G 204.4 Gasoline Gasoline0.2L,0.004G Electricity(kwh) 13.89 13.89 123.3 2 CO2(kg) 0.938 0.0673 885 Waste(kg) 0.1023 40 Energy consumption of concrete manufacturing is assumed as 2kwh/m3.
Table 4 LCIA Datum for Conctete System NO.
Coal(kg) CO2 (kg) Waste(kg) Reduction of coal consumption( %) Emission reduction for CO2(%) Reduction of waste (%) NC 111.4 411.95 23.36 0 0 0 A SCC1 58.00 202.77 12.41 47.94 50.78 46.88 SCC2 50.12 171.90 10.8 55.01 58.27 53.77 SCC3 47.22 160.30 10.21 57.61 61.09 56.29 B SCC1 76.69 275.98 -179.3 31.16 33.01 <0 SCC2 70.04 249.92 -198.8 37.13 39.33 <0 SCC3 66.79 237.05 -209.9 40.04 42.46 <0 Table 5 The Decrease of Environmental burden Item NO.
Online since: February 2008
Authors: Jan Ma, L. Yang, T. Sun, H. Cheng, H.H. Hng
The first chemical reaction can be written as:
CoCl2·6H2O + 2NaBH4 →Co +2BH3+2NaCl + H2 (1)
3SbCl3 + 9NaBH4 → 3Sb + 9BH3+ 9NaCl+ 9/2H2 (2)
In the beginning of the experiments, the reduction of Co
2+ and Sb3+ ions should be fast and
completely due to the strong reducing effect of NaBH4.
Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of the final products were collected on a Shimadzu standard diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15406nm).
Quantitative phase analysis of the XRD data was conducted using the fundamental parameter Rietveld procedure as implemented in TOPAS (version 2.1).
A reduction in concentration of reactants did play a part in improving the yield of CoSb3.
The yield of CoSb3 increased with reduction of the concentration of starting materials.
Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of the final products were collected on a Shimadzu standard diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15406nm).
Quantitative phase analysis of the XRD data was conducted using the fundamental parameter Rietveld procedure as implemented in TOPAS (version 2.1).
A reduction in concentration of reactants did play a part in improving the yield of CoSb3.
The yield of CoSb3 increased with reduction of the concentration of starting materials.
Online since: November 2005
Authors: M. Zacharias, Élson de Campos, E.F. Lucena, F.P. Santos, E.M. Marins, J.A.J. Rodrigues
The recycling material of SiC produced by starch consolidation has an economical interest
due the reduction of the probable environmental impact in case wide scale production.
2.
This "plug-in" uses as data entrance a group of images, denominated stack, extracted with successive displacements of the graduate ring that controls the focus of the light Nikon model Epiphot 200 microscope [9].
It can be noticed that both are porous and present similar morphologies, confirming the data of the previous tests.
Conclusion In the last years, material recycling has been the objective of many researches that searches the quasi total use of resources and impact reduction to the environment.
The samples obtained from recycling material have a relative increase in the rupture strength due to reduction of the apparent porosity but little variation on the Weibull module.
This "plug-in" uses as data entrance a group of images, denominated stack, extracted with successive displacements of the graduate ring that controls the focus of the light Nikon model Epiphot 200 microscope [9].
It can be noticed that both are porous and present similar morphologies, confirming the data of the previous tests.
Conclusion In the last years, material recycling has been the objective of many researches that searches the quasi total use of resources and impact reduction to the environment.
The samples obtained from recycling material have a relative increase in the rupture strength due to reduction of the apparent porosity but little variation on the Weibull module.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Fei Lu, Jian Mei Luo, Jing Po Yang, Jing Chen
In this way the single-species enzyme map generated data is converted to 0-1.
So diversity than 0-1 data and statistical analysis.
Summary By soil bacteria of 16S rDNA RFLP analysis, the different repair pathways chromium contaminated soil so that the soil bacterial community structure diversity of the different changes.By adding Fe(OH) 3 improves the efficiency of the reduction of chromium in the soil, and formed a special soil bacterial communities in a distributed fashion.
Anearobic co-reduction of chromate and nitrate by bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis L-02[J].Journal of industrial microbiology& biotechnology,2009,32(9):409-414
Bacterial reduction of hexavalent chromium[J].
So diversity than 0-1 data and statistical analysis.
Summary By soil bacteria of 16S rDNA RFLP analysis, the different repair pathways chromium contaminated soil so that the soil bacterial community structure diversity of the different changes.By adding Fe(OH) 3 improves the efficiency of the reduction of chromium in the soil, and formed a special soil bacterial communities in a distributed fashion.
Anearobic co-reduction of chromate and nitrate by bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis L-02[J].Journal of industrial microbiology& biotechnology,2009,32(9):409-414
Bacterial reduction of hexavalent chromium[J].
Online since: November 2020
Authors: Dmitry V. Mashtalyar, Sergey V. Gnedenkov, Sergey L. Sinebryukhov, Igor M. Imshinetsky, Vladimir S. Egorkin, Konstantine V. Nadaraia, Igor E. Vyaliy, Alexander N. Minaev, Valeriia S. Filonina, Andrey S. Gnedenkov, Andrey P. German
The incorporation of fluoropolymer material and further increase in the multiplicity of application of composite layers contribute to a noticeable reduction in the number of micropores and increase of uniformity of samples` surface.
Coating type PEO-coating CC-1x CC-2x CC-3x CC-4x Porosity [%] 4.05 3.24 2.02 1.59 0.34 Results of analysis of the tribological data (Table 2) showed that the incorporation of a fluoropolymer component has a positive effect on wearproof of formed coatings.
According to the data presented in Fig. 1 and Table 3 the optimal surface morphology was obtained on CC-3x coating among studied samples.
Friction coefficient reduction contributes to an increase of the load value, at which the coating begins to peel off (Lc2), as well as a load required for the coating abrasion until metal (Lc3) (Table 4).
Natural and biomimetic artificial surfaces for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, low adhesion, and drag reduction.
Coating type PEO-coating CC-1x CC-2x CC-3x CC-4x Porosity [%] 4.05 3.24 2.02 1.59 0.34 Results of analysis of the tribological data (Table 2) showed that the incorporation of a fluoropolymer component has a positive effect on wearproof of formed coatings.
According to the data presented in Fig. 1 and Table 3 the optimal surface morphology was obtained on CC-3x coating among studied samples.
Friction coefficient reduction contributes to an increase of the load value, at which the coating begins to peel off (Lc2), as well as a load required for the coating abrasion until metal (Lc3) (Table 4).
Natural and biomimetic artificial surfaces for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, low adhesion, and drag reduction.
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Paula Cipriano da Silva, Roberto de Oliveira Magnago, Claudinei dos Santos, Anderson Carvalho Nogueira, José Vitor Candido de Souza
Table 1 – Ceramic protection specification compared to the provider’s data [7].
The cost of ceramic protection acquisition, as a prototype, had a reduction of 18% on each manufactured piece.
It will be obtained a total reduction on annual costs around 37%.
Moreover, there is an indirect gain related to the reduction of risk agents exposure, due to a lower amount of fibers in the same area unit.
Pensilvania: International Centre for Diffraction Data Swarthmore. 1979.
The cost of ceramic protection acquisition, as a prototype, had a reduction of 18% on each manufactured piece.
It will be obtained a total reduction on annual costs around 37%.
Moreover, there is an indirect gain related to the reduction of risk agents exposure, due to a lower amount of fibers in the same area unit.
Pensilvania: International Centre for Diffraction Data Swarthmore. 1979.
Online since: January 2018
Authors: Mayra Keroly Sales Monteiro, Francisco Klebson Gomes dos Santos, Ricardo Henrique de Lima Leite, Edna Maria Mendes Aroucha, Jussier Oliveira Vitoriano, Victor Rafael Leal Oliveira
The ion exchange held in the clay provokes on gelatin film a reduction of 65% in the water vapor permeability (WVP); a decrease in solubility of 55%; an increase of 35º in drop contact angle of water on the surface of the film; and 30% of raise in opacity.
Based on the above, this study aimed to promote the reduction of hydrophilicity of a gelatin film with sodium bentonite clay or modified by an ion exchange.
Data were collected in triplicate and analysis of statistical significance made according to Duncan method.
Conclusion By the analysis of the results of the films composed of gelatin and bentonite clay with or without ion exchange, it was observed a reduction in hydrophilicity in the gelatin films charged with clays.
Based on the above, this study aimed to promote the reduction of hydrophilicity of a gelatin film with sodium bentonite clay or modified by an ion exchange.
Data were collected in triplicate and analysis of statistical significance made according to Duncan method.
Conclusion By the analysis of the results of the films composed of gelatin and bentonite clay with or without ion exchange, it was observed a reduction in hydrophilicity in the gelatin films charged with clays.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Hai Ping Chen, Zhong Ping Wang, Wen Hao Wu, Zhi Yun Shi, Jing Wang
Equation becomes: (6)
The rise of system efficiency is given as:
(7)
Analysis of energy consumption on carbon capture system in different conditions
Basis data of calculation
Data of coal quality and steam turbine thermal performance is shown in Tab.2 and Tab.3
Tab.2 The elemental analysis of coal composition
Coal as received basis
Car
Har
Oar
Nar
Sar
ash Aar
Moisture
Mar
Proportion(%)
56.97
3.5
9.18
0.94
0.7
11.65
17.06
Tab.3 Steam turbine thermal performance parameter
at three working conditions
Parameter Conditions
THA
75%THA
50%THA
Main steam flowD0
1803.938 t/h
1345.527 kJ/kg
938.62 kJ/kg
Water enthalpyhgs
1202.3 kJ/kg
1120.0 kJ/kg
1034.5 kJ/kg
Main steam enthalpyh0
3396.9kJ/kg
3396.9 kJ/kg
3459.8 kJ/kg
Exhaust enthalpy hc
2341.9 kJ/kg
2384.3 kJ/kg
2446.0 kJ/kg
Reheat heat absorption σ
521.3 kJ/kg
545.8 kJ/kg
457.6 kJ/kg
Condensate enthalpy hn
136.3
At the condition of THA, CO2 flow rate of flue gas after desulfurization is 9127.320kmol/h, which is about 401.6t/h, known from simulation, when the system absorb 1 ton CO2,the lowest energy consumption is 3.55GJ[6-8]. latent heat of vaporization of outlet micro-superheated steam(0.4MPa, 144℃[9]) in solar collector is 2132.53kJ/kg.Outlet water parameter of condensate pump is 1.724MPa, 32.54℃.Under these conditions, Tab.4 is shown the energy consumption characteristics analysis data for the 600MW unit with CO2 capture and steam quantity which solvent regeneration needed(inlet water flow of solar collecting system) at the condition of THA, and the change of unit work in carbon capture system and cycle efficiency is also shown in the table.
21.77 6.22 0.51 24.49 7.00 0.57 Case 3 15.63 5.91 0.48 18.75 7.09 0.58 21.88 8.27 0.67 25.00 9.45 0.77 28.13 10.64 0.86 Case 4 10.98 1.26 0.10 13.17 1.51 0.12 15.37 1.77 0.14 17.57 2.02 0.16 19.76 2.27 0.19 Tab.5 The energy consumption characteristics analysis data for the 600MW unit with CO2 capture at 75%THA working condition δ 5% 15% 20% 30% 40% Dco2(t) 15.26 45.78 61.04 91.57 122.09 Dwater(t) 25.40 76.21 101.62 152.43 203.24 ΔH1 0.99 2.97 3.96 5.94 7.92 ΔH2 ΔH δηi ΔH2 ΔH δηi ΔH2 ΔH δηi ΔH2 ΔH δηi ΔH2 ΔH δηi Case 1 1.54 0.55 0.04 4.61 1.64 0.13 6.15 2.19 0.18 9.22 3.28 0.26 12.30 4.38 0.35 Case 2 1.42 0.43 0.03 4.27 1.30 0.10 5.69 1.73 0.14 8.54 2.60 0.21 11.39 3.46 0.28 Case 3 1.67 0.68 0.05 5.01 2.04 0.16 6.69 2.72 0.22 10.03 4.09 0.33 13.37 5.45 0.44 Case 4 1.11 0.12 0.01 3.33 0.36 0.03 4.44 0.48 0.04 6.66 0.72 0.06 8.88 0.96 0.08 δ 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Dco2(t) 152.61 183.13 213.65 244.18 274.70 Dwater(
Tab.5 is shown the energy consumption characteristics analysis data for the 600MW unit with CO2 capture and steam quantity which solvent regeneration needed (inlet water flow of solar collecting system) at the condition of 75%THA, and the change of unit work in carbon capture system and cycle efficiency is also shown in the table.
Therefore, developing lower cost and higher efficiency solar collector system is a useful way to reduce cost of CO2 reduction consumption.
At the condition of THA, CO2 flow rate of flue gas after desulfurization is 9127.320kmol/h, which is about 401.6t/h, known from simulation, when the system absorb 1 ton CO2,the lowest energy consumption is 3.55GJ[6-8]. latent heat of vaporization of outlet micro-superheated steam(0.4MPa, 144℃[9]) in solar collector is 2132.53kJ/kg.Outlet water parameter of condensate pump is 1.724MPa, 32.54℃.Under these conditions, Tab.4 is shown the energy consumption characteristics analysis data for the 600MW unit with CO2 capture and steam quantity which solvent regeneration needed(inlet water flow of solar collecting system) at the condition of THA, and the change of unit work in carbon capture system and cycle efficiency is also shown in the table.
21.77 6.22 0.51 24.49 7.00 0.57 Case 3 15.63 5.91 0.48 18.75 7.09 0.58 21.88 8.27 0.67 25.00 9.45 0.77 28.13 10.64 0.86 Case 4 10.98 1.26 0.10 13.17 1.51 0.12 15.37 1.77 0.14 17.57 2.02 0.16 19.76 2.27 0.19 Tab.5 The energy consumption characteristics analysis data for the 600MW unit with CO2 capture at 75%THA working condition δ 5% 15% 20% 30% 40% Dco2(t) 15.26 45.78 61.04 91.57 122.09 Dwater(t) 25.40 76.21 101.62 152.43 203.24 ΔH1 0.99 2.97 3.96 5.94 7.92 ΔH2 ΔH δηi ΔH2 ΔH δηi ΔH2 ΔH δηi ΔH2 ΔH δηi ΔH2 ΔH δηi Case 1 1.54 0.55 0.04 4.61 1.64 0.13 6.15 2.19 0.18 9.22 3.28 0.26 12.30 4.38 0.35 Case 2 1.42 0.43 0.03 4.27 1.30 0.10 5.69 1.73 0.14 8.54 2.60 0.21 11.39 3.46 0.28 Case 3 1.67 0.68 0.05 5.01 2.04 0.16 6.69 2.72 0.22 10.03 4.09 0.33 13.37 5.45 0.44 Case 4 1.11 0.12 0.01 3.33 0.36 0.03 4.44 0.48 0.04 6.66 0.72 0.06 8.88 0.96 0.08 δ 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Dco2(t) 152.61 183.13 213.65 244.18 274.70 Dwater(
Tab.5 is shown the energy consumption characteristics analysis data for the 600MW unit with CO2 capture and steam quantity which solvent regeneration needed (inlet water flow of solar collecting system) at the condition of 75%THA, and the change of unit work in carbon capture system and cycle efficiency is also shown in the table.
Therefore, developing lower cost and higher efficiency solar collector system is a useful way to reduce cost of CO2 reduction consumption.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Ling Yun Yan, Peng Fei Wu, Zeng Xian Bao
Input half electromagnet model into Maxwell2D, the results relative to air-gap of armature and change of ampere-turns through static calculation can be obtained; establish data document in the form of AMESim with data of electromagnetic force and inductance relative to air-gap and ampere-turns; and thus complete the data preparation in AMESim simulation of electromagnet.
The 3D curve of data document is as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
Fig.2: Relationship between Electromagnetic Force and Ampere-turns & Air-gap Fig.3: Relationship between Inductance and Ampere-turns & Air-gap Obtain data table of relationship between electromagnetic output force/inductance and ampere-turns & air-gap through Ansoft parametric analysis; import relative data into the solenoid simulation model by adopting the EMLT40 sub-model in AMESim electromagnetic module; establish complete solenoid simulation model, and realize coupling among electromagnetic circuit, mechanical part and hydraulic system, with the model shown in Figure 4. 1: PWM modulation signal; 2: voltage source; 3: electromagnet; 4: medium parameter definition unit; 5: pressure source; 6: valve body; 7: flow sensor; 8: pressure sensor Fig.4: Coupling Simulation Model Analysis of Simulation Structure.
Figure 8 indicates that the reduction of opening and closing time of on-off valve can effectively increase the linear control zone and the largest response frequency, and thus improve the control features of pulse-width adjustment.
Reduction of the opening time and closing time can effectively enlarge the linear control zone of the valve, increase the response frequency, and improve the control performance of pulse-width adjustment.
The 3D curve of data document is as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
Fig.2: Relationship between Electromagnetic Force and Ampere-turns & Air-gap Fig.3: Relationship between Inductance and Ampere-turns & Air-gap Obtain data table of relationship between electromagnetic output force/inductance and ampere-turns & air-gap through Ansoft parametric analysis; import relative data into the solenoid simulation model by adopting the EMLT40 sub-model in AMESim electromagnetic module; establish complete solenoid simulation model, and realize coupling among electromagnetic circuit, mechanical part and hydraulic system, with the model shown in Figure 4. 1: PWM modulation signal; 2: voltage source; 3: electromagnet; 4: medium parameter definition unit; 5: pressure source; 6: valve body; 7: flow sensor; 8: pressure sensor Fig.4: Coupling Simulation Model Analysis of Simulation Structure.
Figure 8 indicates that the reduction of opening and closing time of on-off valve can effectively increase the linear control zone and the largest response frequency, and thus improve the control features of pulse-width adjustment.
Reduction of the opening time and closing time can effectively enlarge the linear control zone of the valve, increase the response frequency, and improve the control performance of pulse-width adjustment.