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For unidirectional CFRP sheets, obtained from the manufacturer’s data sheets, the nominal thickness of one ply of the CFRP reinforcement tcf is 0.111 mm.
For epoxy resin, obtained from the manufacturer’s data sheets, the bonding strength of epoxy resin primer is 3.2 N/mm2.
Load cell was recorded automatically at each load increment for using data logging equipment.
With width reduction coefficients, the rectangular cross section was translated into indented cross section, as shown in Fig. 8.
The reduction of bending stiffness exhibited the influence of fire exposure for the fire-damaged beam.

• Only taxing the manufacturing chain • Not considering tax losses and exemptions, • All economic data will be demonstrated in ¥ (RMB) • All markets are neither monopoly nor perfect competition markets • Manufacturers are price takers on the international market
Accompanying the reduction of energy consumption, CO₂ emissions will also decrease.
Zhu, Liu and Wang [8] have set up a model to predict the impacts of different level carbon taxes to the amount of CO₂emissions reductions.
If carbon tax rises to ¥50/tonne, the reduction will be 44.7 million tonnes and 0.61% of total emissions at 2009 levels.
Correspondingly, the reduction of emissions in a 10 years term will respectively be 2.139% (¥20/tonne) and 5.358% (¥50/tonne) comparing to 2009 levels.

Due to surface roughness and foreign materials present at the specimen surface, initial data (10-15% of total readings) having non-linear relationship between wear volume and sliding distance is regarded as break in period data and hence neglected from measurements.
Experimental data obtained from the FCCCD runs Exp.
Further increase of layer thickness causes reduction in distortion effect and again wear starts decreasing.
Weak bonding may be responsible for reduction in strength and increase in wear.
Hence, both increase of air gap and reduction in raster angle are decreasing the wear although not appreciably.

Each library of cases is a data structure, which contains information about the simulated defect in the structure (location, size and intensity) and the simulated dynamic response.
After having the set of cases generated (defect and the principal features of the dynamic response), the organization of the data in memory for its recovery at the indicated moment is executed.
In order to calculate the size and the intensity of the defects, the weighted average is computed, using the data histogram (or distances) of the retrieved step as weighting coefficients.
The proposed software tool may be described as efficient data processing machine.
A new case is identified on the basis of previously stored and trained data.

Numerical simulations of the damper rig with a simple macroslip damper model were performed during the preliminary design, and a comparison to the measured data highlighted the ability of the basic implicit model to capture the resonance frequencies of the system accurately.
The modelling approaches developed must be validated against experimental data to ensure the correct prediction of the nonlinear behaviour.
A stepped sine test with a Data Physics SignalCalc ACE card was performed around each resonance at various levels of excitation, from 0.01 N to 17 N.
The analysis, conducted in FORSE (Forced Response SuitE), is based on a multi-harmonic balance solver with a powerful model reduction technique [25-27].
Stanbridge, "Underplatform Dampers for Turbine Blades: Theoretical Modeling, Analysis, and Comparison With Experimental Data," Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, vol. 123, no. 4, p. 919, 2001

This paper presents the effect of nitrogen interaction on the reduction of austenite grain growth during vacuum carburizing and on the mechanical properties (fatigue strength, impact resistance) of the layer treated in this way in relation to conventional carburizing methods.
Considering economical reasons, the most effective carburizing process requires a maximal reduction in its duration, especially when the point is to obtain layers with greater thicknesses.
Fig. 1 a) Structure of surface layer of steel 16MnCr5 after the low pressure carburizing (LPC) in temperature 920°C and b) after the low pressure carburizing in temperature 1000°C with the prenitriding - PreNitLPC® These tests confirm the effect of nitrogen on the reduction in the grain size of the primary austenite in the carburizing process.
Taking into account cost data and the furnace processing capacities, the unit costs of the carburization of a 1 kg charge were determined and compared.

High-energy milling with a reactive metal can also initiate the transformation of sulphides via socalled mechanochemical reduction [5-7].
Different sulphides as precursors of reduction and reactive metals have been applied in this process.
The aim of this work is to study the mechanochemical reduction of copper sulphides with silicon in order to determine the overall feasibility of the process as well to identify the reaction products.
The data of the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDDS, version 1998) were used for the identification of phases under study.

Heterotrophic bacteria have the potential for producing acidic metabolites that can solubilize oxide, silicate, carbonate and hydroxide minerals by reduction, acid attack, and complexation mechanisms [3].
Mineral surface of quartz grain and energy dispersive ion microprobe data Untreated quartz was also characterized using 0.5 M HCl extraction for dissolution of hydroxides and Na-citrate/Na-bicarbonate/Na-dithionite (CBD) for dissolution of Fe oxides.
Fe(III) extractable in 0.5 M HCl is considered to be available for microbial reduction [9].
The data on the 0.5 M HCl and Na-citrate/Na-bicarbonate/Na-dithionite extraction of the quartz sand sample (Figure 3) indicated that Fe(III)-oxides contributed a significant portion to the "bioavailable" Fe(III). 010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 HCL CBL BL1 BL2 BL1+MS BL2+MS Treatments Fe removal (%) Figure 3.
Effect of chemical and biological leaching in iron removal 1 mm The chemical extraction methods (HCl, CBD) may underestimate structural Fe(III) in clays available for microbial reduction because the amount of Fe(III) bioleached with technical sugars (BL2) was about 6% higher.

The temperature data during the test was taken by the button thermometer with the real-time continuous observation, relative to the control area M3, during the test, the average temperature rise of the M1 is 0.815 ℃, the average temperature rise of the M2 is 0.407 ℃.
Fig.1 Study area and location of the mesocosm mooring site in the Bay of Xiangshan Data Analysis A.
Because of the reduction of dissolved oxygen, the COD concentration in M1 was significantly lower than in the M2 and M3 during the experiment.
In terms of nutrients, the concentration of activity phosphate, reactive silicate and inorganic nitrogen in M1 were significantly higher than in the M2 and M3, it can be seen that a significant reduction in phytoplankton lead to reduced absorption of nutrients from water, and a part of nutrient were released into the water, thus the nutrient concentrations of the enclosure is rising.
Studies on phytoplankton damage in cooling water of a power plant revealed a reduction in biomass when the temperature rise 0.8℃, which validated the monitoring results that the phytoplankton dropped rapidly drop rapidly after the power plant was put into operation.

The reduction achieved with the mass matrix is necessary for a spectral analysis or for an overlapping consecutive vibrational mode analysis (spectral, harmonic analyses, random vibrations).
If we want to compare displacements for different modes, we could use the reduction achieved with the identity matrix.
If the reduction is achieved with the identity matrix, then we can compare the stress from different points, for a certain vibrational mode.
Input data for harmonic analysis: - Harmonic loads (forces, pressures, moments or displacements) with known frequency and amplitude; Output data for harmonic analysis: - Harmonic displacements for each degree of freedom, which are generally not in the same phase as the loads; - Deformations and stress.