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Najjar, Nonlinear Water Diffusion in Nonsaturated Concrete, Materials and Structures (RILEM, Paris), V. 5, 1972, pp. 3-20 (reprinted in Fifty Years of Evolution of Science and Technology of Building Materials and Structures, F.H.
Thonguthai, Practical Formulation of Shrinkage and Creep in Concrete, Materials and Structures (RILEM, Paris), V. 9, 1976, pp. 395-406
Panula, Practical Prediction of Time-Dependent Deformations of Concrete, Materials and Structures, V. 11 (1978), pp. 307-316, 317-328, 415-424, 424-434; V. 12 (1979), pp. 169-174
Materials and Structures 48:797–814 DOI 10.1617/s11527-014-0516-z, 2015
Elbadry, Serviceability Design of Continuous Prestressed Concrete Structures, PCI Journal, V. 34, No. 1, Feb.1989, pp. 54-91.

Materials and methods The conventional TBC system was prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying from commercially available powders CoNiCrAlY (GTV 60.95.1) and ZrO2+Y2O3 (GTV 40.23.1) which were delivered from company GTV GmbH.
Characterization of APS TBC System During Isothermal Oxidation at 1100 °C, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 28 (2007), 757-764
Progress in Materials Science 46 (2001), 505-553
Materials Science Forum 2001, p. 711-718
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 13 (2004), 515-520.

But when the soil is subjected to the normal load, the plastic range is so small that soil can be regarded as a linear elasticity material.
Journal of Glaciology, 26, (1980), 25-30
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 5(2), (1983), 97-98.
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 18(2), (1996), 97-103.
Journal of Glaciology, 35(121), (1989), 349-354.

[7] Information on www.science-education.ru/111-10032 [8] Т.А.
Use of Electric Steel Melting Slag in Production of Expanded Clay Gravel, Materials Science Forum Submitted, 870 (2016) 345-351
Salekh-Zhafer, Physical and mechanical properties of expanded clay gravel, prepared using calcium manmade materials, Modern problems of science and education, 1 (2015)
Abdrakhimov, Orientation and sequence of proceeding reactions at firing of clay materials with the raised contents of iron oxide, Bashkir chemical journal, 13(2) (2006) 54-55
Evtushenko, Walling ceramic materials using metallurgical slag, Building Materials, 7 (2009) 64-65.

In Fig. 1a, Young’s modulus is plotted against density for starting materials B4C, AlB2 and B.
Kaproth, Commercialization of New Manufacturing Processes for Materials, DIANE Publishing, 1998 [4] A.
Warren, Science of Hard Materials, Rhodes, 1986, 413-426 [8] C.P.
Schneider Jr., ASM International, Engineered Materials Handbook, 1991, 787-803 [21] P.T.B.
Schneider Jr., ASM International, Engineered Materials Handbook, 1991, 804-811 [22] Z.

Traditional backfill mining uses laboratory bulk strength as a design basis for the filling material.
Materials and methods 2.1 Experimental material Sized tailings from a gold mine (density of 2.59 g/cm3) and a mixed slurry of cement (common silicate, density of 3.2 g/cm3) and water was used as the filling slurry.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Science & Technology Support Program of China (2013BAB02B02) and International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2014DFG72340 & 2014DFR70340).
Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44: 1417–1432
Zhengzhou: Henan Science and Technology Press, 1994

In this work, the processing of α-Al2O3 ceramics is studied in order to attain the microstructure and mechanical and thermal properties suitable for its application as a special refractory material in sintering furnaces.
Introduction The main refractory set of propellant furnace high temperature tunnel is the bottom with side guides, having the role of allowing the sliding and of guiding the material to be sintered, work in critical conditions, at temperatures of 1750 °C and humidified atmosphere of hydrogen.
Materials and Methods Processing. α-Al2O3 commercial powder (CT3000SG) from ALMATIS with average particle size of 0.4 µm and purity of 99.8% was used as raw material for monolithic ceramic development.
From this temperature up to 1350 ºC, where shrinkage process finished, there was a material densification, which afterwards, restarted to expand with the same thermal expansion coefficient of 9.0 x 10-6 ºC-1 until the end of test at 1500 ºC.
Lim: Journal of the European Ceramic Society Vol. 22 (2002), p. 2197

Climate Effect on Characteristics of Litter Decomposition and Nitrogen Release under Three Grassland Ecosystems Chan Zhou1, 2, a, Jian Guo1,b and Zhuo Zhang3,c 1School of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China 2 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China 3 College of Biology Sciences, Shenyang University, Shenyang, China azhou_yanhan@163.com, bgj.2008.gj@163.com, czhangzhuonet@yahoo.com.cn Keywords: Climate change; Grassland Ecosystem; Litter; Decomposition.
So the process connected the producers and consumers, making the material cycle of the ecosystems ongoing [1], and played a significant role in nutrient and carbon cycle, primary productivity and maintaining soil fertility and ecosystem function [2-3].
Materials and Methods Study areas.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (30900117, 30960261, and 30770397), Post-doctor Science Foundation of China under Grant (2012M520653), Pre-assistance funds of Liaoning University for National Project.
Zhao: Chinese Journal of Applied Eco.

DNA Biosensors Based on Self-assembled Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Jiechun Pang, Jimei Zhang∗, Yiyun Xiao, Zhao Dai, Shichao Xu, Ning Guo, Guo Zheng Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineer, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China, 300160 zhangjimei@tjpu.edu.cn Keywords: DNA biosensors, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Thiolization reaction, Self-assemble, DNA immobilization, DNA hybridization Abstract.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20802051), Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No. 07JCYBJC15900) and Science and Technology Development Foundation of Tianjin Universities (No. 20070608) Fig. 1 Steps involved in the fabrication of the probe DNA-modified electrode and the detection of a target sequence Experiments Materials.
MWCNTs(1.5µm in length) were purchased from Chengdu Organic Academe of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Chinese Journal of Chemistry. 21(2003) 436 [10] L.S.

Conversion of the residual waste to a value material is quite a challenge.
The pretreatment is the necessary step to converse the lignocellulosic materials to be chemicals feedstock for bioethanol production, because it needs to eliminate lignin that binds the cellulose and collapses the crystalline structure of cellulose [2] .
Materials and methods 2.1 Material The sugarcane leaves were collected from Khon Kaen cultivation, Thailand, there were cut to be small pieces and then dried at 55 oC for 24 h.
Smith Jr., Solid acid mediated hydrolysis of biomass for producing biofuels, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 38 (2012) 672-690
[11] R Aguilar, J.A Ramı́rez, G Garrote, M Vázquez, Kinetic study of the acid hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse Original Research Article, Journal of Food Engineering. 55(2002)309-318