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Shahid Ikramullah Butt 1,c 1SMME-National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan 2National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan aumer_asgher2000@yahoo.com ,briazcae@yahoo.com , cdrshahid@smme.nust.edu.pk Keywords: Process planning, Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM), stochastic optimization, optimization algorithms, manufacturing.
Introduction A process plan is a set of activities in which the unrefined materials for manufacturing of a particular product is converted into the finished goods by applying specific operations [1].
Work flow is a set and sequence of operations which constitute the conversion process of raw material into the product.
There are in general, several alternatives for the work flow in converting raw material and components into a finished product, depending upon production quantity, existing production technology, product quality and the raw material [6].
E, Manufacturing Facilities Design and Material Handling, 3rd ed, 2005, Upper Saddle: Prentice Hall

First-principles study of the electronic structure and spontaneous polarization of PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 Qing-Xun Zhao, Bo Geng, Li Guan, Qiang Li, Ji-Kui Ma, Da-Yong Wei, Jian-Xin Guo, Bao-Ting Liu College of Physics Science & Technology, Hebei University, Hebei, 071002, China Key words: First-principles; Ferroelectric; PbZrxTi1-xO3; Polarization; Born effective charge Abstract: Density functional theory plane-wave pseudopotential with the general gradient approximation (GGA) was used to investigate electronic structural properties and the bulk spontaneous polarization (Ps) of PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3.
Spontaneous polarization (Ps) is a fundamental parameter, characterizing ferroelectric materials used as ferroelectric random access memory.
These results are useful for further understanding not only the microscopic mechanism of the large polarization of the PbZrxTi1-xO3 but also the origin of ferroelectricity in other ferroelectric materials.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by the NSFC (60876055), State Education Ministry (207013), Key Basic Research Program of Hebei Provincial Applied Basic Research Plan (08965124D), the NSF of Hebei Province (E2009000207, E2008000620, 08B010) and Key Laboratory of Photo-Electricity Information Materials of Hebei Province.
Murthy: Journal of Materials Science. 35(2000), p. 1571 [6] R.E.

Experimental 2.1 Materials and welding procedure The tested material was 16MnR steel, its σb is 500MPa, σs is 320Mpa and elongation rate is 21%.
(a) weld bead; (b) HAZ 4.3.1 Analysis on stress levels of both butt-plate and T-joint specimens Fig.8 shows that the relation between yield strength (ss) and WRS averages of both weld and HAZ, the maximum WRS value occurrs in weld centerline of A-side, transverse stresses in specimens 1# and 3# was respectively 0.98ss and 1.08ss , longitudinal stresses of all specimens vary from 0.83ss to 0.85ss , the higher stress level was caused by the different ss of experimental and engineering welding materials.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Aviation Science Funds (20095475002).
[3] M.R.Farahani,Effect of the weld groove shape and pass number on residual stresses in butt-welded pipes.International Journal of Pressure of Vessels and Piping 86(2009)723-731
Computational Materials Science 45 (2009) 1031–1042

Weng b Key Laboratory of Materials Advanced Technologies (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China a harry_yxb@yahoo.com.cn, b jweng@home.swjtu.edu.cn Keywords: polycaprolactone; hydroxyapatite; mechanical property; silane coupling agent Abstract: Silanization of hydroxyapatite was employed to improve the bonding between hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone.
Materials and Methods PCL (Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan) used in this investigation had an average molecular weight of 50,000.
M.Wang, S.Deb, W.Bonfield, Materials Letters 44(2000): 119-124 2.
Marie-Christine Brochier Salon et al: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 289(2005)： 249-261 4.

Spinel lithium manganese oxides, interesting ion-sieve materials, have been considerably exploited for their specific properties, such as low toxicity, low cost, high chemical stability, high selectivity to lithium ions and topotactical Li+ extraction [3, 4] .
The SEM image of γ-MnOOH (Fig. 1) prepared with the above optimal conditions showed that as-prepared γ-MnOOH is made of ultrafine fibers, together with a large amount of amorphous materials.
Acknowledgments: The research received financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (20806019), Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (B2009000024) ， Education Department of Hebei Province (2008112) and Start-up Costs for doctoral research in Hebei University of Technology.
References [1] Ji Zhiyong, Xu Changchun, Yuan Junsheng, et al.: Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, Vol.24(2005),p.1336 [2] Ramesh chitrakar, Hirofumi Kanoh, Yoshitaka Miyai, et al.: Industry and Engineering of Chemical Research, Vol.40(2001),p.2054 [3] Lu Wang, Wei Ma, Ru Liu, et al.: Solid State Ionics, Vol.177(2006)p.1421 [4] YongCai Zhang, Hao Wang, Bo Wang, et al.: Materials Research Bulletin, , Vol.37(2002)p.1411 [5] Ramesh Chitrakar, Hirofumi Kanoh, Yoshitaka Miyai, et al.: Chemical Materials, Vol.12(2000)p.3151 [6] JI Zhi-yong, YUAN Jun-sheng, LI Xin-gang: Chemical Engineering, Vol.35(2007) p.9 [7] Ramesh Chitrakar, Kohji Sakane, Aya Umeno, et al.: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol.169 (2002), p.66

Subsequently, the material was filtered and washed with water.
It consists of the evolution of gases and changes on the crystal lattice of the material.
The material becomes amorphous during the third gas evolution and the crystallization of Nb2O5 occurs in a stepwise fashion.
P, Silva A.G.P, Souza C.P., A low temperature synthesized NbC as grain growth Inhibitor for WC-Co Composites, Materials Science and Engineering A, 293, (2000), 242-246. 2 - Ciaravino C, Medeiros F.F.P, Souza C.P, Satre P, Roubin M, Gomes U.
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This situation is more outstanding when use the low-plastic and high-strength material.
Setting the material property for the part.
The sheet is homogenous and isotropic material.
Acknowledgement This paper is supported by the National Science & Technology Pillar Grogram High strength steel advanced forming technology and its objective model integrated application(2011BAG03B03).
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2007, 41(10):1598-1602 [2]Wu Jingang, The Study of Roll Forming Force Prediction Based on BP Neural.

Kaolin, industrial alumina (or bauxite) and feldspar are used as the main raw materials for producing the alumina-based electric porcelain.
The practical application of ANN in the area of material has been well developed.
Parameter estimations for MLR were carried out using Statistical Packages for Social Science package (SPSS) with MSE as the fitness function to determine the forecast accuracy.
Liu: Materials science & technology Vol. 13(5) (2005), p. 456-458
Zhang: Journal of materials processing technology Vol. 129 (2002), p. 399-402

The surface roughness of a work roller will increase with the amount of materials that are rolled.
References [1] S.Zhou, X.J.Pan, G.F.Hu, et al: Key Engineering Materials Vols. 259-260 (2004), p. 357-360
Szeri: Journal of Tribology ASME Vol.123 (2001), p. 101-107
[3] Li Changhe, Hou Yali, Xiu Shichao, et al: Key Engineering Materials Vols. 375-376 (2008), p. 449-453
[4] Q.Fan, T.Q.Gu and H.Gao: Key Engineering Materials Vols. 202-203 (2001), p. 249-252.

The change of processing maps in hot compression procession for Ti-6.0Al-7.0Nb biomedical titanium alloy Yanhui Liu*, Zekun Yao, Yongquan Ning, Hongzhen Guo, Zhanglong Zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, PR China Liuyanhui36@mail.nwpu.edu.cn, yzekun@nwpu.edu.cn Keywords: Ti-6.0Al-7.0Nb biomedical titanium alloy; hot deformation behavior; hot compression procession; processing map; flow instability.
Experimental materials and procedures Ti-6Al-7Nb biomedical alloy used in this work was supplied as a forged bar with diameter of 15mm, and the chemical composition (wt, %) is: C, 0.076; H, 0.008; O, 0.09; Fe, 0.22; Ta, 0.45; Al, 6.2; Nb, 7.3; Ti to balance.
The dynamic materials model (DMM) [11] is used to construct the processing maps.
Zhou, Oxidation behavior and wear resistance of biomedical Ti6Al7Nb alloy, Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science) 29 (2008) 996–999
Suresh, Materials modeling and simulation of isothermal forging of rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy: anisotropy of flow.