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axiaohua_y@163.com, bzl_zhan@sohu.com,c382422319@qq.com, dwyuan88@126.com Key words: Vacancy; Vacancy formation energy; Nano-scale; Research status; Physical properties; Thermodynamic properties Abstract: Vacancies of the crystal is one of the core issues in solid physics, solid state chemistry, metallurgy and materials science.
Zhang Xiyan[21], based on Tiwari and Patils’[3] model, improved the calculation method of metal surface energy, calculated the formation energy of FCC, BCC, HCP structure of metal vacancy energy.
Then, we choose 21 kinds of different crystal structure (FCC, BCC, HCP) of the metal, to validate the model, as shown in Figure 1, 2.
On the basis of the model, they introduced the shape factor, and calculated nano metal vacancy formation energy in fcc, bcc, hcp structure.
[2] Francesco Delogu: Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 115(2009) p. 361

Nanotechnology is a science concerned with the design, construction and utilization of functional structures with at least one characteristic dimension measured in nanometres.
Nanotechnology initially developed in the fields of physics and chemistry, and most fundamental developments still occur in these fields.
Nanotechnology is a field that is dominated by developments in basic physics and chemistry research, where phenomena on atomic and molecular level are used to provide materials and structures that perform tasks that are not possible using the materials in their typical macroscopic form.
In a steel structure, fatigue is one of the significant issues that can lead to the structural failure of steel subject to cyclic loading.
This bad problem happens at stresses lower than the yield stress of the steel and lead to a significant shortening of useful life of the steel structure.

Ultrasonic chemistry is a new boundary science.
So the ultrasonic chemistry doesn’t react on the material directly but completes by the cavitation of liquid.
It indicates that the structure of HAP does not change by changing Sr content.
Elliott, Structure and chemistry of the apatites and other calcium orthophosphates, Studies in inorganic chemistry, Amsterdam: Elsevier. 1994
Prkge, Applications of ultrasound to materials chemistry, Anny Rev Mater Sci. 229(1999) 295-326

The electronic structures of PBIs were successfully investigated by density functions theory (DFT).
Additionally, the electronic structure and the variational UV-vis absorption spectra of PBIs were explained.
Additionally, it also revealed the molecular geometry and electronic structures.
Chemistry – A European Journal 2004, 10, 5297
[14] Raghavachari, K.: Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, and Modeling (Theoretica Chimica Acta), Vol. 103 (2000), p. 361

It is developed very quickly that microwave technology as a kind of reinforcement method to study the synthetic chemical reaction in the field of chemistry since it is applied to organic synthesis.
[6] Feng Yuling,Application of microwave technology in organic chemistry,J.College Chemistry. 7(1992)36-40
[10] Xie Q, Spectrum Method of the Study of Macromolecular Structure, Higher Education Press, Beijing,1995
[13] Hu Fei,Cheng Ling, The study on the change of micrograph and molecular chain of micronized potato starch particle,J.Chemistry Bulletin, 66(2003)1-5
[14] Xu Hui, Sun Lanping ,Zhao Daqing,et al, Preparation and structure characterizati on of crossli nked potato starch,J.

The structure was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis.
In this regard, we studied the synthesis of ferrites [MFe2O4, M(II) = Co, Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn] and their characteristics since introducing magnetic particles facilitates the separation of oil from water Materials and Methods Iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O), purity ≥99.95% (Aldrich Chemistry), magnesium acetylacetonate dihydrate (Mg[CH3COCHC(O)CH3]2·2H2O), purity ≥98% (Aldrich Chemistry), copper (II) acetylacetonate (Cu(C5H7O2)2), purity ≥99.95% (Aldrich Chemistry), nickel (II) acetylacetonate (Ni(C5H7O2)2), purity ≥95% (Aldrich Chemistry), cobalt (II) acetylacetonate (Со(C5H7O2)2), purity 99,99% (Aldrich Chemistry), zinc acetylacetonate hydrate (Zn(C5H7O2)2·xH2O), , purity 99,995% (Aldrich Chemistry), acetic acid (СН3СО2Н), purity >99,7%, (Aldrich Chemistry), ethylene glycol (НОСН2 - СН2ОН), purity 99,8% (Aldrich Chemistry), 2-methoxyethanol (СН3ОСН2СН2ОН), purity ≥99,9% (Aldrich Chemistry).
To identify the phases and study the crystal structure, the BrukerAXSDIFFRAC.EVAv.4.2 software and the ICDD PDF-2 international database were used.
The main phase in the analyzed samples is an iron-containing oxide with a cubic structure (for MgFe2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4) and tetragonal (for CuFe2O4).
Summary According to XRD data, ferrite spinels obtained by the sol-gel method [MFe2O4, M(II) = Co, Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn] are polycrystalline nanosized structures.

The molten polymer material is injected into the cavity, which contains the mold insert as the master structure.
Fang: Analytical Chemistry 78 (2006), P. 3827 [5] C.
Fang: Analytical Chemistry 76 (2004), P. 5597 [16] H.
Shen: Analytical Chemistry 80 (2008), P. 9131 [32] E.
Citterio: Analytical Chemistry 80 (2008), P. 6928

All obtained polyesters have an amorphous structure (Fig. 1).
Chebotarev, Development of research in the field of chemistry and technology of aromatic polysulfones, Plastics.  11 (2003) 3-7
Zaikov (Eds.), Modern Tendencies in Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry: Today and Tomorrow, New York, 2008, pp. 211-214
Zaikov (Eds.), Modern Tendencies in Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry: Today and Tomorrow, New York, 2008, pp. 219-222
Mikitaev, Synthesis and Properties of Polyetheretherketones, Chemistry and chemical technology. 41 (1998) 78-81

At the higher temperature it becomes cubic crystal structure [8].
So it is obvious that the method of synthesis and the Sr-doped content have an effect on the lanthanum chromite structure.
Yin: Short Handbook of Chemistry (Chemical industry press, Beijing 1983)
Solid State Chemistry Vol. 141 (1998), p. 404
Solid State Chemistry Vol. 155 (2000), p. 455

Then an effective cross-linked structure cannot be formed [3].
The longer chain is, the greater network structure and swelling volume will be, which increased water absorbency.
It clearly indicated that a three-dimensional network structure was formed at the superabsorbent.
Starch chain and potassium acrylate chains interspersed with each other to form a well-developed network structure with holes.
A three-dimensional network structure with holes was formed, and was more uniform in superabsorbent.