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Online since: May 2011
Authors: Kai Xiang, Guo Hui Wang, Wei Ping Han, Jiang Tao Yu
For unidirectional CFRP sheets, obtained from the manufacturer’s data sheets, the nominal thickness of one ply of the CFRP reinforcement tcf is 0.111 mm.
For epoxy resin, obtained from the manufacturer’s data sheets, the bonding strength of epoxy resin primer is 3.2 N/mm2.
Load cell was recorded automatically at each load increment for using data logging equipment.
With width reduction coefficients, the rectangular cross section was translated into indented cross section, as shown in Fig. 8.
The reduction of bending stiffness exhibited the influence of fire exposure for the fire-damaged beam.
For epoxy resin, obtained from the manufacturer’s data sheets, the bonding strength of epoxy resin primer is 3.2 N/mm2.
Load cell was recorded automatically at each load increment for using data logging equipment.
With width reduction coefficients, the rectangular cross section was translated into indented cross section, as shown in Fig. 8.
The reduction of bending stiffness exhibited the influence of fire exposure for the fire-damaged beam.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Wen She He, Long Yuan, Shuang Mei Chang
For strength reduction method [4], the safe factor was defined as the reduction degree for the shear strength of rock mass when the geotechnical engineering just reached critical damage condition (Duncan 1996) [5].
This strength reduction method applied to explicit finite difference method could be expressed as: keep the gravity acceleration of geotechnical engineering as a constant.
A group of new strength index C' and j' were obtained by reducing the shear strength parameters gradually, that is, the values of C and j were divided by reduction factor Fs.
The geotechnical engineering safety factor could be obtained as Eq. (2) and (3): C' = C / Fs (2) j'=arctan(tanj/Fs) (3) Where,C is the cohesion of soil, C' is the cohesion of soil after reduction, j is the angle of internal friction, j' is the angle of internal friction after reduction.
Calculations parameter.The calculated parameters were selected based on the data of the test [6] .Weight degree of landslide mass is 1900 N/m3 at natural state, and 2020N/m3 at saturation state.
This strength reduction method applied to explicit finite difference method could be expressed as: keep the gravity acceleration of geotechnical engineering as a constant.
A group of new strength index C' and j' were obtained by reducing the shear strength parameters gradually, that is, the values of C and j were divided by reduction factor Fs.
The geotechnical engineering safety factor could be obtained as Eq. (2) and (3): C' = C / Fs (2) j'=arctan(tanj/Fs) (3) Where,C is the cohesion of soil, C' is the cohesion of soil after reduction, j is the angle of internal friction, j' is the angle of internal friction after reduction.
Calculations parameter.The calculated parameters were selected based on the data of the test [6] .Weight degree of landslide mass is 1900 N/m3 at natural state, and 2020N/m3 at saturation state.
Online since: March 2016
Authors: Indra Vir Singh, Akhilendra Singh, Himanshu Pathak
Meshfree methods need only nodal data to build the approximation.
The maximum reduction in KI is found 54.2% for a crack length of 15 mm.
Reduction in stress field at patch repaired side can be clearly seen from Fig. 6.
A substantial reduction in stress intensity factor is observed due to the presence of patch.
About 50% reduction in SIF is observed for a crack length of 15 mm.
The maximum reduction in KI is found 54.2% for a crack length of 15 mm.
Reduction in stress field at patch repaired side can be clearly seen from Fig. 6.
A substantial reduction in stress intensity factor is observed due to the presence of patch.
About 50% reduction in SIF is observed for a crack length of 15 mm.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Miguel Ángel Sebastián, Cristina González Gaya, Eva María Rubio, Ana Maria Camacho
However, for high semiangles (α ≥ 12º), coincidences appear between plane
strain results for a particular reduction and axisymmetrical ones for a lower reduction.
Besides, results are more similar as the reduction increases.
FEM-Wistreich results for µ = 0,03 and different reductions In Fig. 6, results for µ = 0,03 and two values of reduction (r = 0,30 and r = 0,40) are gathered.
A wide range of reductions is taken, from r = 0,1 to r = 0,4; a Coulomb friction coefficient µ = 0,1 and a die semiangle α = 5,5º.
In the same figure, experimental data obtained by Lueg and Pomp are drawn.
Besides, results are more similar as the reduction increases.
FEM-Wistreich results for µ = 0,03 and different reductions In Fig. 6, results for µ = 0,03 and two values of reduction (r = 0,30 and r = 0,40) are gathered.
A wide range of reductions is taken, from r = 0,1 to r = 0,4; a Coulomb friction coefficient µ = 0,1 and a die semiangle α = 5,5º.
In the same figure, experimental data obtained by Lueg and Pomp are drawn.
Online since: June 2020
Authors: Irina Garkina, Alexander Danilov
The first of these includes the initial accumulation of data, experience and skills in the production of new material (the emergence of new technology); the prescription approach dominates; in research, trial and error; process control is intuitive, based only on the experience of the technologist.
The development of technology is based on a generalization of accumulated data, identifying patterns of the influence of various factors on the properties of the material; research is conducted with the involvement of fundamental sciences - the second stage (the formation of a new technology).
Pearson method of principal components turned out to be effective (it consists in finding a multidimensional ellipsoid of scattering of empirical data in factor space; it is determined by the location and lengths of the semiaxes - the main directions and standard deviations in the space of the main directions).
The dimensionality reduction (separation of the initial data into the content part and noise) is achieved by discarding the directions corresponding to small eigenvalues.
The relationship of the characteristics of the material with the parameters of the model was determined by experimental data.
The development of technology is based on a generalization of accumulated data, identifying patterns of the influence of various factors on the properties of the material; research is conducted with the involvement of fundamental sciences - the second stage (the formation of a new technology).
Pearson method of principal components turned out to be effective (it consists in finding a multidimensional ellipsoid of scattering of empirical data in factor space; it is determined by the location and lengths of the semiaxes - the main directions and standard deviations in the space of the main directions).
The dimensionality reduction (separation of the initial data into the content part and noise) is achieved by discarding the directions corresponding to small eigenvalues.
The relationship of the characteristics of the material with the parameters of the model was determined by experimental data.
Online since: April 2009
Authors: Thomas J. Webster, Sirinrath Sirivisoot, Rajesh A. Pareta
AFM analysis
Although SEM analysis (data not shown) indicated that the PPy-drug coated on Ti samples
possessed a smooth PPy film coating, AFM at high magnificantion showed significant nanoroughness
of the PPy thin films (Fig 3).
In the curve fitting of C 1s, C-F was found on PPy[Dex]-Ti (data not shown); thus may indicate a small amount of Dex within PPy membranes.
Both oxidation and reduction, which preserve the electroactivity of PPy membranes, can be observed within the first 5 cycles of CV.
However, only the reduction peak was observed after 5 cycles, due to the irreversible release of the anionic P/S molecules.
After 25 cycles, the reduction peak was not observed, as shown in Fig. 5 (a).
In the curve fitting of C 1s, C-F was found on PPy[Dex]-Ti (data not shown); thus may indicate a small amount of Dex within PPy membranes.
Both oxidation and reduction, which preserve the electroactivity of PPy membranes, can be observed within the first 5 cycles of CV.
However, only the reduction peak was observed after 5 cycles, due to the irreversible release of the anionic P/S molecules.
After 25 cycles, the reduction peak was not observed, as shown in Fig. 5 (a).
Online since: November 2012
Authors: A.J. Pontes, António Sergio Pouzada, Monica S.A. Oliveira, Joel C. Vasco, Tatiana V. Zhiltsova
These data were also assessed numerically by 3D-finite element modelling.
The reduction of the mesh size as well as the increase of the mesh density are consistent with better representativeness of the experimental flow front progress in the microimpression.
Furthermore, it was found out that the short shots predicted numerically could not be precisely correlated with the experimental data.
However, these data are not conclusive, and doubts concerning the precision of numerical simulation using commercial tools still highlight the need for further work in this research area.
By minimizing the element size and increasing their density better correlation with experimental data is possible.
The reduction of the mesh size as well as the increase of the mesh density are consistent with better representativeness of the experimental flow front progress in the microimpression.
Furthermore, it was found out that the short shots predicted numerically could not be precisely correlated with the experimental data.
However, these data are not conclusive, and doubts concerning the precision of numerical simulation using commercial tools still highlight the need for further work in this research area.
By minimizing the element size and increasing their density better correlation with experimental data is possible.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Miao Quan Li, Jiao Luo
And, the predicted flow stress has been compared with the
experimental data of Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr alloy.
Isothermal compressions were conducted in a Thermecmaster-Z simulator at the deformation temperatures ranging from 1173 K to 1333 K, the strain rates ranging from 0.001 s -1 to 10.0 s-1 at an interval of an order magnitude and the height reductions ranging from 50% to 70%.
Appling the constitutive model to Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr alloy, the material constants are determined from the experimental data using the GA-based objective optimization technique.
The selected experimental data are chosen as the sample data to determine the material constants for the constitutive model of Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr alloy in high temperature deformation.
Other experimental data are used to verify the constitutive model.
Isothermal compressions were conducted in a Thermecmaster-Z simulator at the deformation temperatures ranging from 1173 K to 1333 K, the strain rates ranging from 0.001 s -1 to 10.0 s-1 at an interval of an order magnitude and the height reductions ranging from 50% to 70%.
Appling the constitutive model to Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr alloy, the material constants are determined from the experimental data using the GA-based objective optimization technique.
The selected experimental data are chosen as the sample data to determine the material constants for the constitutive model of Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2.0Zr alloy in high temperature deformation.
Other experimental data are used to verify the constitutive model.
Online since: June 2004
Authors: Mrinal K. Das
G-f data is collected at several depletion biases near flatband.
The G-f data is then converted to GP/ω to isolate the conductance strictly due to the interface traps [10].
At 175°C, the t50 data extrapolates back to well over 100 years at 3 MV/cm.
TDDB data for nitrided thermal oxides on 4H-SiC indicating >100 years reliability up to 300ºC.
Also, MOSFET data matches MOS-C data at 175°C.
The G-f data is then converted to GP/ω to isolate the conductance strictly due to the interface traps [10].
At 175°C, the t50 data extrapolates back to well over 100 years at 3 MV/cm.
TDDB data for nitrided thermal oxides on 4H-SiC indicating >100 years reliability up to 300ºC.
Also, MOSFET data matches MOS-C data at 175°C.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Jian Wei Wang, Kai Chang, Xiang Lei Yu
When the factory bound and noise-sensitive structures distance less than 1 m, indoor plant boundary environmental noise measurement noise sensitive buildings should be in, and the corresponding reduction of noise emission limits 10dB (A) as a basis for evaluation.
Factory premises equipment generally more and azimuth, working time, there is uncertainty in the open, therefore, in order to obtain scientific, high accuracy data, you need to choose a reasonable period of time to ensure that all measuring devices may generate noise are in the open state, and recorded under the orientation of the device.
Figure 2 Factories and noise distribution factory out environmental assessment point pressure data.
Table 1 Environmental assessment point total sound pressure level table Noise source code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A-weighted sound pressure level (dB) 82 80 92 89 84 90 88 87 factory out environmental assessment point sound intensity data Figure 3 Factory 1 sound intensity figure out station (a) is on the left side of the measuring point area(b) is the lateral area measuring point(c) is a point on the right side area Figure 4 Measuring points 2 test area map Figure 5 Sound intensity measuring point 2 on the left side of the area chart Note: white column represents the sound intensity value is +, gray column represents the sound intensity value is Figure 6 Side area measuring point 2 sound intensity diagram Figure 7 Right area measuring point 2 sound intensity diagram The factory sound pressure level data Table 3 Qt all sound source within the octave of sound pressure level table Noise octave sound pressure level (dB) Noise source center frequency (Hz) 31.5 63 125 250 500
The technology of the sound pressure and sound intensity combination to identify environmental noise source can accurately identify the produce noise at boundary of the main sound source, which can be targeted to noise reduction of noise source, avoid troubleshooting each noise source noise reduction, which can save a lot of manpower, material and financial resources and has great application prospect.
Factory premises equipment generally more and azimuth, working time, there is uncertainty in the open, therefore, in order to obtain scientific, high accuracy data, you need to choose a reasonable period of time to ensure that all measuring devices may generate noise are in the open state, and recorded under the orientation of the device.
Figure 2 Factories and noise distribution factory out environmental assessment point pressure data.
Table 1 Environmental assessment point total sound pressure level table Noise source code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A-weighted sound pressure level (dB) 82 80 92 89 84 90 88 87 factory out environmental assessment point sound intensity data Figure 3 Factory 1 sound intensity figure out station (a) is on the left side of the measuring point area(b) is the lateral area measuring point(c) is a point on the right side area Figure 4 Measuring points 2 test area map Figure 5 Sound intensity measuring point 2 on the left side of the area chart Note: white column represents the sound intensity value is +, gray column represents the sound intensity value is Figure 6 Side area measuring point 2 sound intensity diagram Figure 7 Right area measuring point 2 sound intensity diagram The factory sound pressure level data Table 3 Qt all sound source within the octave of sound pressure level table Noise octave sound pressure level (dB) Noise source center frequency (Hz) 31.5 63 125 250 500
The technology of the sound pressure and sound intensity combination to identify environmental noise source can accurately identify the produce noise at boundary of the main sound source, which can be targeted to noise reduction of noise source, avoid troubleshooting each noise source noise reduction, which can save a lot of manpower, material and financial resources and has great application prospect.