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The photovoltaic measurements were performed using a solar simulator (San-Ei Electric XES-40S1) at AM 1.5 at 1 sun illumination intensity (100 mW/cm2), and the current density–voltage (J-V) data were recorded using a source meter unit (Keithley SMU 2400).
Hence, the value of the cathodic current density (Jred) is directly related to the electrochemical activity of the tested CE for Sx2- ions reduction.
The EIS data were fitted to the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 4(d) using Zsimpwin software and the fitted impedance parameters are summarized in Table 1.
Also, the reduction in Rs values of RGO:CuS CEs indicate the better binding between the CE active material and the FTO substrate.
(a) The J-V curves of CdS QDSSCs based on the different CEs, (b) the reproducibility test data.

The definite and unanimously appreciated advantages of this process are well known as they generate important benefits [1-4]: - increasing the operational durability of loaded parts, by up to max. 300%, by protecting the wear surfaces with adequate materials in correlating the characteristics of the operating stresses; - reduction of the consumption of special steels by up to 90% by replacing them differentially in the composition of weight bearing structures with carbon steels or low-alloy steels, over which, in the area subjected to wear, welding-compatible materials are deposited meeting the base level of specific strength requirements; - reduction of energy consumption by up to 65% by eliminating operations specific to the classical processing process; - increasing operational safety and reducing the risk of damage to loaded parts, as a result of improving the quality level; - reduction of operating costs.
Fig. 4 Tram wheel bandage (I-IV reconditioned areas by mechanized MIG / MAG welding) At the time of implementation, the specialized MIG / MAG welding reconditioning installations, made and put into operation at the autonomous public transport utilities in Timisoara, Arad and Iasi, ensured the following economic effects: · the expenses with reconditioning / used part represent max.30% of the purchase price of a new part; · significant increase in operational safety for mechanized reconditioning compared to manual; · reduction by approx. 50% of the labor required for reconditioning, by: o reduction of auxiliary times affected by machining operations after welding, as a result of uniform deposits; o reduction of the auxiliary times necessary to disassemble the bandages on the wheels, respectively axles; · reduction of consumption of electricity and welding materials by approx. 20%; · decrease (by approximately 70%) of the import of new components necessary for the means of transport
The mobile automated inspection system must determine as accurately as possible the degree of wear of the tram wheel tires; the data obtained from the inspection process are saved and used to program the operating cycle of the automated system for loading by welding; an inspection sheet is generated, based on the data obtained from the inspection process as well as the related recommendation (whether or not it is necessary to recondition the respective part).
Mobile automated inspection system presents the following innovative solutions: - Mobility is the main innovative element of the system and its major advantage, allowing easy use directly at the beneficiary's premises and identification of parts that need reconditioning without the need to disassemble them for inspection, thus reducing the time required and eliminating costs related to labor procedures for disassembly / assembly of part as well as replacement of related consumables; - Wear analysis algorithms are also an innovative element, which is based on the analysis of data obtained from precision measurements of laser sensors used to determine the size of the bandage, its thickness and the characteristics of damaged areas (dimensions, depths etc.) thus allowing much faster and more accurate identification of parts that require reconditioning.
Conclusions - The main reasons for the regular maintenance of means of transport are: increased operational safety, safety and comfort of passengers, reduction of noise, increase the life of wear components, reduction of malfunctions; - Rehabilitation by welding of used components allows to reduce the operating costs of public transport; - The use of automated welding loading systems ensures a uniform deposition of the layers, which has the effect of reducing by ≈10% the labor for post-welding operations (machining to restore the profile of the reconditioned parts to the prescribed dimensions)

Reduction of Glitch Interference in FPGA Design Guohai Xiong1,a, Xinyun Liu 2,b 1.
Design of circuit through using Gray code Gray code is characterized in that only one number between any two adjacent codes is different, which is helpful for code conversion and transmission, and reduction of fuzzy shape in the circuit from one state to the next state with very strong anti-interference ability.
If the glitch doesn’t satisfy the setup of data and hold time, it will not do harm to the system.

However, due to residual magnetisation, a MFM probe can introduce distortions to the micromagnetic structure or even change it during acquisition of the MFM data [3,4] and therefore these factors should be considered very seriously when interpreting the acquired MFM images.
To reduce the potential inducing effect of the MFM tip on acquired data, a magnetic Co layer was deposited only to one (the external) side of the probe instead of its deposition on the whole chip (as with the majority of commercial MFM probes).
Quantitative analysis of the data presented in a Fig. 1c demonstrated that periodicity of the domain structure in the sample was equal to 170-200 nm.
Detailed analysis of the obtained MFM data leads to the conclusion that the propensity of the MFM probe to modify the sample micromagnetic structure during double-pass scanning can be significantly reduced by decreasing the amount of magnetic material deposited on the MFM tip.
Presented results demonstrate the large contribution of the interaction between the MFM tip and the micromagnetic structure of the sample to acquired MFM data.

Comparisons and analysis are to make based on the data obtained from these materials using diverse electrochemical devices and methods.
(Data from Schrőder et al.2003) Electrode modification Current density [mA-1cm-2] Polyaniline 0.29 Platinum black 0.84 Platinum black+polyaniline 1.25 Polyaniline-related anode.
With the researches going further, Transition metal macrocycles have been of great interest in catalytically reduced oxygen reduction.
Therefore, seeking novel catalytic materials has become an effort to optimize the oxygen reduction occurring on the cathode surface.
Bio-films developing on the cathode surface by some microorganisms have proved to be feasible to play a role in catalyzing reduction reactions.

By dealing with the ultimate bearing capacity test on 12 short columns of separation CFST which are subjected to the eccentric compression, this paper has studied on the mechanical properties of non-separation side compression CFST, revealed the influence of separation ratio and the eccentricity ratio to mechanical properties, and provided basic research data for further CFST study in the future.
The basic data of the CFST are shown in table 1.
Measure value and calculated value of ultimate loads of specimen Number Separation ratio % Measure value of ultimate load/ kN Average value of measure ultimate load/ kN Calculated value of ultimate load/kN Load reduction % load reduction coefficient Seh-20-0 0 1540 1610 1649 2.37 0.98 Seh-20-0 1680 SehB-20-4 0.68 1510 1520 7.89 0.92 SehB-20-4 1530 SehB-20-8 1.90 1430 1435 13.00 0.87 SehB-20-8 1440 SehB-20-12 3.47 1400 1390 15.70 0.84 SehB-20-12 1380 SehB-20-18 6.30 1370 1370 16.92 0.83 0.76 SehB-20-26 10.76 1260 1260 23.6 SehB-40-4 0.68 1200 1200 1261 4.84 0.95 SehB-60-4 910 910 1019 10.70 0.89 Note: Load reduction=(The Calculated value of ultimate load- Average value of measure ultimate load)/ Calculated value of ultimate load.
Load reduction coefficient=1- Load reduction Compare with compression on the separation side Fig.8 is load-longitudinal strain comparative curves of middle-section of some elements in loading A and B.
The concrete support for steel is litter effected with the reduction of tension concrete area in loading mode B.

Due to surface roughness and foreign materials present at the specimen surface, initial data (10-15% of total readings) having non-linear relationship between wear volume and sliding distance is regarded as break in period data and hence neglected from measurements.
Experimental data obtained from the FCCCD runs Exp.
Further increase of layer thickness causes reduction in distortion effect and again wear starts decreasing.
Weak bonding may be responsible for reduction in strength and increase in wear.
Hence, both increase of air gap and reduction in raster angle are decreasing the wear although not appreciably.

Each library of cases is a data structure, which contains information about the simulated defect in the structure (location, size and intensity) and the simulated dynamic response.
After having the set of cases generated (defect and the principal features of the dynamic response), the organization of the data in memory for its recovery at the indicated moment is executed.
In order to calculate the size and the intensity of the defects, the weighted average is computed, using the data histogram (or distances) of the retrieved step as weighting coefficients.
The proposed software tool may be described as efficient data processing machine.
A new case is identified on the basis of previously stored and trained data.

Compared with C0, the rheological properties of C1 which has the same amount of cementing material while with no zeolite powder, little cement and more microspheres is quite different , which is especially evident in yield stress and viscosity reduction.
Figure 5 shows that when the zeolite powder content is less than 4% , zeolite powder’s addition has greater impact on compressive strength at early age but less impact at later age according to the C1~C4’s data.
When the addition of zeolite is 4%, the compressive strength reduction of concrete at 3d, 28d, and 56d is 11.2%, 8.1%, and 4.5% compared with standard concrete.
When the ratio of zeolite powder is 2% (C3), the self-shrinkage reduction of group C1 at 1d, 3d, 7d and14d is 77.1%, 49.6%, 44.0% and 38.1%respectively.
The reduction electric flux of group C3 at 28d is 18.5% of that of group C1, showing that the effect of zeolite powder’s self-curing can improve the chloride-penetration resistance of concrete.

After the reduction of converter slag and carbon at 1800℃, 62.7% of P in the slag went into the hot metal while 32.8% of P was gasified and removed Into the atmosphere.
In consideration of the loss of coke powder in the reduction process, the experiments plan to use about 2.5 times carbon equivalent, which means 12.25g coke / 100g steel slag.
Fig.3 Dackscattered electron image and elements distribution of slag Fig.4 Dackscattered electron image and elements distribution of slag In order to quantitatively study the distribution characteristics of P element in Slag micro-zone, the EDS analysis data of different micro-regions are summarized and analyzed.
Research on Carbothermic Reduction for Dephosphorization from Converter Slag by Microwave Heating[J].
Thermodynamic Analysis of Gasification and Dephosphorization of Slag in Silicon Reduction Converter.