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The use of Zr in the charge leads to grinding of microstructure of the ingots and the formation of intermetallic compounds containing Zr.
One of the promising methods for producing MCM is liquid-phase self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) using metal oxides and mineral concentrates as a charge mixture.
The liquid-phase SHS method allows directly, in one stage, to obtain the MCM alloy with a hardening phase in situ, thus decreasing the production cost significantly [1].
The aim of the work was to obtain composite alloys doped with zirconium, tungsten, its borides and a carbides from oxides, including mineral concentrates by means of liquid-phase method SHS.
The use of a mineral concentrate containing Zr in producing alloys based on the Al - Ni system leads to grinding of the alloy microstructure and the formation of the intermetallic compounds containing zirconium.

Zhang, in-situ synthesis of titanium carbide is only the reaction between titanium melts and graphite powder in the graphite crucible without the pellet treatment and SHS.
During the synthesis of the titanium carbides, the induction heating acts as both igniting and promotive heating source, as like SHS reaction of the charge materials [7, 8].
Samples for TEM observation were prepared by standard methods involving mechanical grinding, polishing and dimpling followed by ion milling of foil to perforation.
Zhang showed that TiC could be produced using the SHS reaction between titanium and graphite powder, this indicates that the TiC phase could be synthesized in-situ through the present approach.
In this present work, as like the SHS reaction, the heating of the graphite crucible by the induction heating is an igniting heat source of the synthesis reaction between titanium melts and graphite powder.

The powders were compacted in a steel die and processed by the relatively inexpensive Self Propagating High Temperature Synthesis, SHS, technique at the Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics of the AGH University of Science and Technology.
The resulting product was crushed in an Abbich mortar to powder with a grain size of 0.5 mm and next milled for 20 hours in a rotary-vibratory mill with WC grinding media in anhydrous isopropyl alcohol to a finer powder.
SHS powder, 10 wt% Ti3(Si,Ge)C2 or 30%Ti3SiC2, was mixed with the diamond powder and pressed at 90 MPa into cylindrical shapes of 15 mm diameter and about 4 mm thickness.
Phase compositions of the SHS powder and sintered compacts were identified using the database of International Center for Diffraction Data.
The quantitative compositions of the SHS product and the diamond-Ti3(Si,Ge)C2 and Ti3SiC2 composites were determined by the Rietveld method with X’Pert Plus program.

Some of these technologies include exothermic dispersion(XD), liquid-solid or liquid-liquid reactions, and self-propagation high-temperature synthesis(SHS).
Among the several techniques available to synthesize metal-matrix composites, SHS[7,8] and casting technologies [9-11]are widely used to produce Fe-TiC composites.
However, manufacturing of Fe-TiC composites using SHS will encounter large difficulties handling the intrinsic porosity during the reaction[12].
Dry-sliding abrasive wear tests were carried out using a pin-on-disc wear-testing machine on a 150 grit Al2O3 abrasive paper stuck to a grinding disk, which rotated at 400 rev min-1.

An important requirement for the implementation of SHS is the high surface contact area of the starting materials, as a result these foils are manufactured in the form of thin alternating layers.
However, no stable SHS effect was observed upon initiation of combustion likely due to high porosity of the material.
It is known [8] that mechanical grinding of plastic materials occurs in several stages - first, the flattening of the initial particles, then their cold welding with the formation of larger composite particles with a laminar structure, then hardening, accompanied by a decrease in plasticity, and, finally, destruction with the formation of small equiaxed particles.
In the samples obtained by rolling the initial mixture in two passes and a single rolling of the mechanically activated powder, the initiation of combustion led to the implementation of SHS.
Conclusions A simple and effective method for fabrication of the foils of the Al-Ni system exhibiting the SHS effect was proposed.

A kind of ultramicro removing method, superfinish grinding is often applied to grinding wheels.
Therefore, pores are artificially added or produced in the preparation of superfinish grinding tools.
With the further research in recent years, more than 20 kinds of new technology have also been introduced into this field, such as SHS, supercritical drying, sublimation drying, in situ reaction, phase alter-hole, anode oxidation, etching, molecular bond into the hole, 3-D braiding and so on.
Then, the content was set at 8% uniformly in the ingredient formula of grinding tool.
These remains develop some sharp angles, which will produce stress concentration within the grinding tools.

There was investigated the mechanical mixing and compacting briquettes of aluminum powder (particle size 75...250 µm) and nanopowder modifier SiC+Si3N4 (particle size 70...100 nanometers), obtained by the azide technology SHS.
As the disperse modifying powder used composition of powders of silicon carbide (SiC) - 50÷70%, silicon nitride (Si3N4) - 20÷30%, Na3AlF6 - 10÷20%, obtained by the azide technology SHS, with particles sizes 70-100 nanometers (Fig. 1b) [7, 8].
As the grinding bodies used steel spheres with diameter 20 mm.
Results Some physic-technological properties of the powder of aluminum carrier and obtained after grinding of powder mixtures are presented in Table 1.

Munir2, c 1 College of Material Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PRC 2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA a mengqingsen@263.net, bsxchenshaoping@163.com, czamunir@ucdavis.edu Keywords: FAPACS, FGMs, MA, Field-Activated, SHS Abstract.
FGMs have been prepared by a variety of methods, including centrifugal method [1, 2], sintering of layered powders and SHS, which makes it extremely difficult to obtain dense FGMs with fine grain.
The surface hardness of the composite samples was measured and the wear resistance was determined by grinding abrasion test.

TiB2-Cu-Ni composites were made by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS).
The purpose of this paper is to study the thermal shock resistance and ablation behavior of the TiB2-Cu-Ni composite prepared by the SHS method from elemental titanium, boron and copper powders.
The cold-pressed sample was put into a special SHS reactor illustrated in our previous paper [7].
In order to evaluate the thermal shock resistance and ablation resistance, specimens of TiB2, TiB2-Cu-Ni composite and W/Cu alloy with 30 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height for ablation experiment were obtained by cutting with electron-discharge machining followed by surface grinding and polishing.
Fig.2 shows the SEM microphotographs of typical microstructure of TiB2-Cu-Ni composite prepared via the SHS method.

., Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea a jrlee@kigam.re.kr, blik7595@hanmail.net, chschung@kigam.re.kr, ddran@kigam.re.kr, e djkim@kigam.re.kr, fkgbkim@kigam.re.kr Keywords: Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS), Aluminum Oxynitride Abstract.
As one of these processes, the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method is recommended recently [3].
The main purpose of this research is to examine the possibility of SHS process for preparation of AlON, and to investigate the effect of the mixing ratio of aluminum and the initial nitrogen pressure on the formation and crystallography of AlON in the reaction products.
Then, it was charged into rod mill of 2.4 l volume with twelve rods (φ = 10 mm, L = 200 mm), and subjected to grinding at 200 rpm for 30 min.