Search results

A design-of-experiments matrix was prepared using the commercial software package Stat-Ease, and involved varying the die angle, speed, reduction in thickness and tooling temperature.
Variables Units Die angle DA º Punch speed PS m/s Reduction RD % Temperature T ºC The four process variables shown in Table I have been used for DOE realization.
Process variables Sensitivity Die angle º 0.155 Punch speed m/s 0.059 Temperature ºC 0.003 Reduction % 0.001 Die angle is the most influent input variable as can be seen.
This is consequent with experimental data.
Conclusions It has been experimentally shown the validity of the model presented in this work, obtaining coincident results for both methods (theoretical modelization and experimental data), proving the statements held in this paper.

Under each group of production pressure, repeated flooding 3 pieces of core, recording flooding data of each core, and then fitting normalization.
With the pressure increasing further, the extent of viscous fingering was increased by the pressure of displacement front increasing, this negative effect exceeded theeffect ofviscosity reduction by CO2, so the extent of viscous fingering was gradually increased.
The data of gas permeability in each measure pressure points in plugging experiment were in table 2.
From the table 2, the permeability was reduced greatlyat a distance from the injection end within 60cm after plugging, amongthe 20-40cm distance, the reduction of permeability was the largest, the residual resistance coefficient was 74.36.
The results made the porosity and permeability reduction, flow resistance increased dramatically in gas channeling passage.

In conditions of the actual production, this indicator may be determined by the data of meters at any given time.
Reducing the diameter up to 865 mm (on 15% from the initial) results in a reduction in pump efficiency at the optimal consumption point for about 5%.
Further reduction in diameter results in additional energy losses in the impeller and outlet, which reduces the pump efficiency coefficient on 12% if = 805 mm.
Variation range of characteristics of pump D6300-80-22 while reduction of its outside diameter within the range 1020 … 805 mm The results of numeric experiments and conducted field tests on operating site confirm the possibility of stable operation of the said pumps in mode of consumption from 0.6 to 1.2 , but in this case the change in the pump efficiency coefficient is beyond the value - 5%.
Obtaining the necessary input data for its calculation requires no additional tools besides meters of electric energy consumed by drive motors, meters of pumped liquid and manometers, which water supply system are usually equipped with.

It provides detailed data of physical quantities during the forming process and reference for tool design and equipment selection.
Hot rolling stress-effective field The reduction of oval pass is the maximum in the bar hot rolling pass system, and its deformation is the most obvious.
As shown, the position of maximum reduction is the position of maximum equivalent stress, as 110MPa, less than the ultimate strength of 150Mpa [8], it can remain stable deformation rolling.
The reduction of oval pass is largest so that oval pass has maximum rolling force, and the maximum rolling force is 54.8kN.
Analysis (1) Rolling force To combine actual data and simulation results, the comparative analysis between rolling force simulation and measured values of oval-vertical elliptical-round pass at stable rolling stage is obtained, see Figure 6.

It depends on the material characterization which is performed using the shear or normal stress experimental data.
The i th eigenvalue, φi, represents the effective fractional reduction in load carrying area on planes that are perpendicular to the ith principal material direction as shown typically in Fig. 1.
The Y2 and Y3 are eigenvalues of damage conjugate force tensor defied in Eq. (3) The J11, J22 and J33 are determined by available data on a single composite lamina, and K0 is the initial damage threshold.
The predicted results for [30/-30]2s lay-up based on all damage and coupled damage-plasticity in old and new approaches show higher stiffness reduction with respect to the experimental results.
However, the obtained damage and damage-plasticity results based on the new approach predict the lower stiffness reduction when compared with the old results and they are in better agreement with the experimental results.

In the 1990s, under the impetus of the "International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction", Chinese study of geological disaster reduction and prevention had entered a new stage of development, risk assessment models of single gully and regional debris flow had also established [7-10].
The industry of disaster reduction has basically formed involving multi-sector, multi-level and diversified investments.
Mainly manifested in the following areas: Fully realized geological disaster phenomena and patterns of its activity, through a series of investigation, basically indentified the regional distribution of disaster, conducted a disaster zoning and posed corresponding reduction measures [20].
Proposed the new concept of natural disaster system, explored the natural disaster forecasting, and carried out a more detailed observation and monitoring accumulating a large amount of original data.
For example, lack the support of basic data and disaster information processing capacity, and means of information exchange and transmission is relatively backward.

The test shows that the noise reduction of OGFC is 5.3-8.7dB at different speed.
Aggregate Gradation Air-void is key factor effecting noise reduction results and drainage.
Research in Japan shows that noise reduction result of NMAS with13mm is the best with the same thickness of 50mm.
Summary of experimental data modified asphalt is shown as Table 2.
Table 2 Summary of experimental data modified asphalt modifier Content (%) Shear temperature (˚C) Shear time (min) Penetration 25˚C (0.1mm) Ductility 25˚C (cm) Softening Point (˚C) SBS 6 180 60 57.2 195 63 rubber 18 170 90 56.4 204 61 EVA 5 160 45 60.8 88 63 PVC 9 180 60 57.7 171 60 Ordinary asphalt 67.6 100 46 Asphalt-aggregate ratio The mixture should can reduce rut, resist freezing crack, water damage and fatigue, ensure air-void, mix and construct easily.

From the data processing results obtained the difference value of specific capacitance (CS) of each particular frequency variations in the supercapacitor, which was presented by the graph in Fig. 4.
Based on the data obtained specific capacitance (CS), the greatest value of the CS of the AC-MnO2-CNT composite in pH condition of acid, neutral and alkaline were 7.86, 0.93 and 0.55 F/g, recpectively.
Measurement of specific capacitance that occurs in acidic reaction condition increased significantly compared to neutral and alkaline state was related to the formation of MnO2 cathodic reduction reaction.
In reaction to the atmosphere slightly acidic and neutral atmosphere, ion MnO4- with +7 oxidation number would be reduced to MnO2 precipitate with oxidation number +4, while in a state of MnO4- alkaline ions would be reduced to manganate (MnO42-) which was described by the following reaction: 1) The reduction reaction MnO4- acidic condition: MnO4- + 4H+ + 3e MnO2 + 2H2O 2) The reduction reaction MnO4- neutral condition: MnO4- + 2H2O MnO2 + 4OH- 3) The reduction reaction MnO4- alkaline condition: MnO4- + 4OH- 4MnO42- + 2H2O +O2 This reaction has been evidenced from the XRD pattern of AC-MnO2-CNT composite that the presence of MnO2 has the greatest intensity was at the AC-MnO2-CNT composite in acidic conditions.

The formation of such precipitates can thus inhibit the oxygen reduction necessary for the operation of a cell and, in consequence, lead to rapid degradation of SOFC performance.
Fig. 6 shows the comparison between the obtained experimental values of partial pressure of gaseous Cr-species CrOxHy and those calculated for CrO2(OH)2 and CrO3 compounds using the thermodynamic data reported by Ebbinghaus [10].
On account of the similar character of the straight lines' inclination for the experimental and the thermodynamic data of CrO2(OH)2, it can be admitted that this oxide is the predominant component of atmosphere polluted with different gaseous chromium species. 20 µm (La,Sr)CrO3 film Fe-25Cr steel 30 µm Mn1.5Cr1.5O4 film Fe-25Cr steel Fig. 3.
SEM-SE cross-section micrograph of Fe-25Cr steel covered with Mn1.5Cr1.5O4 oxidized in air at 1073 K for 400 h. 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 unsaturated zone saturated zone Detected Cr [µg] Gas flow rate x 10 -6 [m 3 s -1 ] T=1073 K pH20= 9.72x10 -2 atm 7,5 8,0 8,5 9,0 9,5 10,0 10,5 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 1373 1273 1173 1073 973 log pCrOxHy [atm] CrOxHy - Experimental data CrO3 - Ebbinghaus data CrO2(OH)2 - Ebbinghaus data 104 /T [1/K] T [K] Fig. 5.
The above result has also been confirmed by experimental data obtained by Kurokawa ( ( )KH or 1073∆ =110.1 kJ/mol) [7] and Gindorf ( ( )KH or 948∆ =122.9 kJ/mol) [11].

The tests most likely to cause a reduction in transmission due to an exposure to UV and damp heat, which can alter the chemical composition of an encapsulant [5].
Part of the cost reduction must be achieved by manipulating the encapsulation materials.
Comparing the measured values shown in Table 3 with the published data for EVA [3], it can be concluded that all adhesives have an excellent insulation resistance and can be used in solar modules fabrication from the resistance point of view.
In addition, sample 3A has the highest transmission reduction (49%) and sample 1A has the minimum transmission reduction (11%) after damp heat test.
On the other hand, sample 2U has the highest transmission reduction (31%) and sample 3S has the minimum transmission reduction (5%) after UV test.