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The test cases reduction approach provides suitable test cases inputs for fault localization
They proposed vector-based reduction techniques and found that statement-based reduction strategy provides much greater reduction of the test-suite than vector-based reduction, but vector-based reduction is more effective on fault localization.
(3) The third method analyzes both data dependence and control dependence.
However, it only analyzes the branch prediction and control flow graph, so the faults relevant to data flow cannot be analyzed.
Unfortunately, there has not been any study that investigates the test cases reduction based on the execution path.

In this paper, meso-mechanical analysis is used and a two-parameter model is developed to describe the stiffness reduction.
Then with the help of the damage evolution, the stiffness reduction of laminates can be predicted.
Table 1 shows the strength data of a [0]8 laminate with 56% fibre.
Under high stress level, fibre breakage is the dominant factor to laminate, which lead to the stiffness reduction to be linear reduction.
Stiffness reduction mechanisms in composite laminates.

The photocatalytic activity for Cr(VI) reduction was evaluated by several batch experiments.
Comparing the BET analysis data of different catalysts in Table 1, F doping created a most positive effect on the surface modification of TiO2, which indicated the strong adsorption ability and the sufficient space for photocatalytic reaction.
The highest reduction efficiency of 90% was obtained as a result.
It is suggested that F-TiO2 has the best photocatalytic activity for Cr(VI) reduction.
The photocatalytic performance of F-TiO2 was studied via Cr(VI) reduction experiments.

The CFD model of the truck is built using the FLUENT software and the simulation results are compared with the wind tunnel test data to verify the accuracy of simulation model.
The energy department and research institutes began the drag reduction study of the heavy-duty vehicles and developed many kinds of drag reduction devices and low aerodynamic drag commercial vehicles[6-8].
There are many kinds of air deflectors, and the drag reduction capability of them has huge distinction.
The air deflector extending length has minimum influence on drag reduction performance of the air deflector.
An Experimental Study of Drag Reduction Devices for a Trailer Underbody and Base.

Using a generalized chemical kinetics equation, we have obtained a formula for checking the expressions that describe the experimental data.
To optimize the operating roasting conditions, we need to have the data pertaining to the kinetics of these processes [9 – 20].
The data obtained during the experiments allowed us to get dependences of the degree of calcination on the prill size, duration of thermal treatment, temperature, and gas-phase composition.
(12) This formula will be used later on for checking the expressions that describe experimental data.
The calculations showed that estimates and experimental data are in good agreement.

The results showed that the reduction reaction was very fast in the first 1 h, the content of total oxygen bonded carbon atoms decreased from 83.6% to 22.1%, and then after the reduction rate became very slow.
After reduction for 24h, there still exists 16.4% oxygen bonded carbon atoms and the total conversion ratio of graphene approaches 70%.
So far the most commonly method to prepare graphene was oxidation-reduction reaction, and there are thermal reduction, use reducing agent, and ultraviolet reduction, however, the reaction mechanism is not very clear, and few incidents of the change of the content of oxygen-containing functional groups with time have been reported.
The data shows that after reduction for 1h, the content of total carbon atoms in different carbon and oxygen functional groups decreased from 83.64% to 22.08%, it means 61.56% oxidized carbon get reduced during the first one hour reduction, the degree of reduction was very high. after 12h and 24h prolonged reduction, the content of carbon bonded with oxygen was 19.56% and 16.47%, respectively, that’s means the reduction rate decreased with the extension of time, and the oxygen-containing functional groups can not been fully removed by simply prolonged reduction time.
This increased the stereo-hindrance for reduction, and resulted in a total graphene conversion ratio approaching 70%.

The new formulation, which is calibrated on the basis of simulation buckling data available in literature, corrects a small issue of the previous one, giving at the same time more reliable and consistent results.
As far as imperfection effect on shell buckling is concerned, EN1999-1-5 is based on the traditional, empirical "Lower Bound Design Philosophy", according to which a knock-down factor of buckling loads, usually denoted by α, is introduced in order to fit the lower limit of the scattered experimental and numerical data.
Because of the great scattering observed in numerical buckling data, a further semi-probabilistic analysis has been carried out for the evaluation of the lower bound of buckling loads of imperfect cylinders subjected to axial compression.
To this purpose numerical data have been treated in stochastic way, in order to extrapolate lower values of ultimate load, corresponding to a given fractile value (5%) [4,5,7,8].
Likewise the α formulas given in the first issue of EC9, also the proposed expressions have been fitted on the basis of a wide amount of both numerical and experimental data available in literature but, contrary to the codified ones, they only depend on geometrical parameters, thus eliminating the dependence on the yield stress f0.

What the grey theory established is to generate the data model but not the original data model, so the data in the grey prediction is the inverse processing results of the prediction got by the model GM(1, 1) which is used to generate data.
Setting x(0)(1), x(0)(2),..., x(0)(M) are the original data of certain index need to predict.
(3) Where, and B is a constructed data matrix.
For , which is the prediction of the linear accumulation generation series, we can calculate the reducing value of the original data
The choice of the original data.

In this paper, the spinel ferrites Fe3O4 and MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by using a solvothermal reduction method.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analysis shows that all the peaks are close to the data for Fe3O4 and MnFe2O4, indicating the prepared particles are single phase.
Experiment The monodisperse Fe3O4 and MnFe2O4 nanospheres were prepared by a solvothermal reduction method.
The Fe3O4 and MnFe2O4 nanoparticles would then be produced in the reduction reaction.
Therefore, the spinel ferrite samples synthesized by a solvothermal reduction method are sometimes contain g-Fe2O3 impure phases.

It offers mathematical tools to discover patterns hidden in data, can be used for feature selection, feature extraction, data reduction, and pattern extraction (templates, association rules) identifies partial or total dependencies in data, eliminates redundant data, gives approach to null values, missing data, dynamic data etc.
(d) Preprocess the MIS data including filling these null data with specific values and discretization of the continuous data.
Algorithm 2: Data Completion Algorithm.In the current business data mining, the obvious problem is the data incompletion.
Algorithm 4: Attribute reduction algorithm.Attribute reduction is a very important research in rough set theory.
Method of Data Reduction Based on Boolean Matrix[J].