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Online since: August 2015
Authors: Sami Ali Al-Sanea, Zakariya Kaneesamamkandi, Abdulaziz Almujahid
Data acquisition system was used to collect the measurements and was connected to the computer using universal serial bus.
T o C T o C Fig. 3A Panel temperature at the four measuring points for V=2.38 m/s T o C T o C Fig. 3B Panel temperature at the four measuring points for V=4.54 m/s The reduction in temperature was 17.85% for the air velocity of 2.38 m/s and 20.12% for air velocity of 4.54 m/s.
Fig. 4 Average temperature of the uncooled and cooled panels with time Average temperature reduction of 6.24% was observed with resultant improvement in power output and efficiency.
Temperature reduction in temperature was 17.85% for the air velocity of 2.38 m/s and 20.12% for air velocity of 4.54 m/s.
Average temperature reduction of 6.24% was observed with resultant improvement in power output and efficiency.
T o C T o C Fig. 3A Panel temperature at the four measuring points for V=2.38 m/s T o C T o C Fig. 3B Panel temperature at the four measuring points for V=4.54 m/s The reduction in temperature was 17.85% for the air velocity of 2.38 m/s and 20.12% for air velocity of 4.54 m/s.
Fig. 4 Average temperature of the uncooled and cooled panels with time Average temperature reduction of 6.24% was observed with resultant improvement in power output and efficiency.
Temperature reduction in temperature was 17.85% for the air velocity of 2.38 m/s and 20.12% for air velocity of 4.54 m/s.
Average temperature reduction of 6.24% was observed with resultant improvement in power output and efficiency.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Yun Yun Zhang, Juan Juan Wu, Hai Xia Tong, Jin Hui Li, Dao Wu Yang
This compound exerted an efficient inhibitive action both on anodic dissolution of metal and on the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction.
This would result in a reduction of the current densities without change of the anodic slope.
The analysis of the results obtained shows that the increase of the inhibitor concentration is accompanied by a reduction of the Icorr, and consequently an increase of inhibition efficiency follows.
The reduction of anodic mainly and cathodic currents in the presence of compound inhibitor can be explained by the blocking of active sites with the formation of a protective film on the electrode surface.
The impedance data were analyzed using the equivalent circuit (EC) model, where Rp represents charge transfer resistance and Cd the constant phaseelement.
This would result in a reduction of the current densities without change of the anodic slope.
The analysis of the results obtained shows that the increase of the inhibitor concentration is accompanied by a reduction of the Icorr, and consequently an increase of inhibition efficiency follows.
The reduction of anodic mainly and cathodic currents in the presence of compound inhibitor can be explained by the blocking of active sites with the formation of a protective film on the electrode surface.
The impedance data were analyzed using the equivalent circuit (EC) model, where Rp represents charge transfer resistance and Cd the constant phaseelement.
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Xiu Fan Ma, Pei Pei Yang, Jun Ting Yang
Comparing to others, program 1 can not only improve voltage in maximum extend but also can make a 25% reduction of line losses.
Calculation of transformer loss reduction when DG is used to peak.
According to transformer B’s parameters, power losses reduction after adding DG for peaking could be obtained.
The data can be seen in Figure 5, adding DG for peaking can make transformer losses decreased by 23% -25%.
Benefit of Distributed Generation: A Line Loss Reduction Analysis[A]. 2005 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference & Exhibition[C].
Calculation of transformer loss reduction when DG is used to peak.
According to transformer B’s parameters, power losses reduction after adding DG for peaking could be obtained.
The data can be seen in Figure 5, adding DG for peaking can make transformer losses decreased by 23% -25%.
Benefit of Distributed Generation: A Line Loss Reduction Analysis[A]. 2005 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference & Exhibition[C].
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Yu Hong Zhao
Exterior Wallboards with Exterior Wall Tiles
1.1.2 Reduction in Costs and Convenient Construction
Steel consumption of prefabricated buildings is only 30-40kg/m2, saving 30% -40 % of construction steel.
Prefabricated components are on-site assembled after processed in the factory, reducing the turnover materials and tools as well as their leasing expense, the construction speed of part of the buildings has increased by 4-6 times, the economic benefits gained due to the shortening of construction period is considerable. 1.2.3 High Degree of Mechanization and Reduction in Equipments of on-site Construction Staff Prefabricated buildings use a lot of finished and semi-finished components for installation and construction, the labor intensity is greatly reduced, the number of on-site construction staff has fallen more than 30%, which also leads to a corresponding decrease in the number of on-site construction management staff, thereby reducing labor costs. 1.2.4 Features of Thermal Insulation and Superior Performance Prefabricated buildings can organize walls with different thicknesses and structures according to climate and temperature in different regions.
Data show that when the prefabrication rate of residence reaches to 37%, it can save water by 36%, electricity by 31%, reducing construction waste by 83%, simultaneously, achieving 60% reduction in material consumption and 50% in energy consumption. 1.2.5 Environmental Protection and Good Economy Prefabricated buildings are prefabricated and semi-prefabricated, which greatly reduces the on-site wet construction, the great reduction in construction of mould boards and cast-in-site concrete helps to reduce the impact of construction on the surrounding environment, dust and noise pollutions have been effectively controlled.
Prefabricated components are on-site assembled after processed in the factory, reducing the turnover materials and tools as well as their leasing expense, the construction speed of part of the buildings has increased by 4-6 times, the economic benefits gained due to the shortening of construction period is considerable. 1.2.3 High Degree of Mechanization and Reduction in Equipments of on-site Construction Staff Prefabricated buildings use a lot of finished and semi-finished components for installation and construction, the labor intensity is greatly reduced, the number of on-site construction staff has fallen more than 30%, which also leads to a corresponding decrease in the number of on-site construction management staff, thereby reducing labor costs. 1.2.4 Features of Thermal Insulation and Superior Performance Prefabricated buildings can organize walls with different thicknesses and structures according to climate and temperature in different regions.
Data show that when the prefabrication rate of residence reaches to 37%, it can save water by 36%, electricity by 31%, reducing construction waste by 83%, simultaneously, achieving 60% reduction in material consumption and 50% in energy consumption. 1.2.5 Environmental Protection and Good Economy Prefabricated buildings are prefabricated and semi-prefabricated, which greatly reduces the on-site wet construction, the great reduction in construction of mould boards and cast-in-site concrete helps to reduce the impact of construction on the surrounding environment, dust and noise pollutions have been effectively controlled.
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Kenji Kanemasu, Katsuyuki Kida, Koshiro Mizobe, Hitonobu Koike, Kota Kawai
.), a harmonic drive (SHD-17-100-2SH, Harmonic Drive Systems Inc.) and a reduction system.
This system has advantages compared with a reduction unit using plain gears in terms of high output torque and high accuracy [1].
The input/output ratio from the original motor torque to the output axis of the reduction system is 1/100, i.e. the original speed of the motor decreases through the harmonic drive gear.
The crank shaft in the reduction system oscillated through the motor's output axis.
These graphs included three-dimensional data of the surface, and their roughness values Ra were calculated basing on the JIS B 0601:2001.
This system has advantages compared with a reduction unit using plain gears in terms of high output torque and high accuracy [1].
The input/output ratio from the original motor torque to the output axis of the reduction system is 1/100, i.e. the original speed of the motor decreases through the harmonic drive gear.
The crank shaft in the reduction system oscillated through the motor's output axis.
These graphs included three-dimensional data of the surface, and their roughness values Ra were calculated basing on the JIS B 0601:2001.
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Pavel Svoboda, Helmut Kurth
Dust Reduction Measures
Before the proposal of dust reduction measures it is necessary to assess, whether the dust generation is not due merely to the lack of technological discipline.
In the framework of construction preparation the entity preparing the design of blasting operations must be provided with sufficient data, comprising primarily the size (dimensions) of demolished buildings, description of building materials, technical state of buildings intended for demolition, their connection to utilities and circumstances connected with environs.
Perfect knowledge on these input data co-determines the methods used as well as their success.
However, the ensuing reduction of dust generation is not substantial; · covering of buildings/structures requiring protection.
Although this method brings about good results (some sources claim a 50 % reduction of dust generation), it has its disadvantages, too.
In the framework of construction preparation the entity preparing the design of blasting operations must be provided with sufficient data, comprising primarily the size (dimensions) of demolished buildings, description of building materials, technical state of buildings intended for demolition, their connection to utilities and circumstances connected with environs.
Perfect knowledge on these input data co-determines the methods used as well as their success.
However, the ensuing reduction of dust generation is not substantial; · covering of buildings/structures requiring protection.
Although this method brings about good results (some sources claim a 50 % reduction of dust generation), it has its disadvantages, too.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Emmanuel Annerel, Luc Taerwe
Mostly these influencing parameters result in a further reduction of the compressive strength compared to the strength loss already induced by the temperature.
It is noted that those values are smaller than the strengths found for test samples xxx°C,A,0d, which are from the available test data the ones with the most representative test condition for hot strength.
When for theses conditions the superposition is applied based on the values from Table 4, the derived strength losses are too large compared to the experimental data.
· The studied high performance concrete mix suffers from almost no strength loss when exposed to 350°C and about 35% additional reduction in case of water cooling.
When heating to 550°C, respectively 40% and 30% of reductions are found
It is noted that those values are smaller than the strengths found for test samples xxx°C,A,0d, which are from the available test data the ones with the most representative test condition for hot strength.
When for theses conditions the superposition is applied based on the values from Table 4, the derived strength losses are too large compared to the experimental data.
· The studied high performance concrete mix suffers from almost no strength loss when exposed to 350°C and about 35% additional reduction in case of water cooling.
When heating to 550°C, respectively 40% and 30% of reductions are found
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Juan San José, Ángela Mangas, Maite Santos, Garbiñe Atxaga, Olatz Adarraga, Jose Ignacio Zarazua
The other input data for simulation are listed next.
The other input data for simulation are listed next.
The other input data for simulation are listed next.
This data is usually related to the oven temperature.
These data are available in next table: Table1.
The other input data for simulation are listed next.
The other input data for simulation are listed next.
This data is usually related to the oven temperature.
These data are available in next table: Table1.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Pierre Montmitonnet, Talib Dbouk, Nicolas Legrand
They are therefore really complex and need a lot of physical data.
Recently, for very small reductions (temper rolling), Krimpelstätter [13] suggested the importance of a hitherto neglected term in the roll elastic deformation, namely the tangential displacement.
This isothermal model should be precise and robust for a wide range of reduction, strip thickness, rolling speeds, lubricant viscosity etc.
They measured friction in the cold rolling process of aluminium strip at different reductions and oil temperatures.
The authors showed that µ depends firstly on film thickness / combined roughness ratio (H), and on strip thickness reduction.
Recently, for very small reductions (temper rolling), Krimpelstätter [13] suggested the importance of a hitherto neglected term in the roll elastic deformation, namely the tangential displacement.
This isothermal model should be precise and robust for a wide range of reduction, strip thickness, rolling speeds, lubricant viscosity etc.
They measured friction in the cold rolling process of aluminium strip at different reductions and oil temperatures.
The authors showed that µ depends firstly on film thickness / combined roughness ratio (H), and on strip thickness reduction.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Yi Ti Tung, Tzu Yi Pai, Li Hua Shih, Ju Jung Yu, Mao Shan Lin, Pei Yu Yang, Jen Wei Su
Solar Energy Policy in Taiwan Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process
Yi-Ti Tung1, 2, Tzu-Yi Pai3, a,*, Ju-Jung Yu4, 5, Mao-Shan Lin4, 6, Pei-Yu Yang4, Li-Hua Shih3, Jen-Wei Su7
1 School of Medical Sociology and Social Work, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
2 Research Consultant, Social Service Section, Chung Shan University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
3 Master Program of Environmental Education and Management, Department of Science Application and Dissemination, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, 40306, Taiwan
4 Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taichung, 41349, Taiwan
5 Chongu-Guang Elementary School, Dali, Taichung, 41245, Taiwan
6 Zhong-Yuan Elementary School, Dali, Taichung, 41263, Taiwan
7 National Chung Hsing High School, Nantou, 54044, Taiwan
a,* bai@ms6.hinet.net (Corresponding e-mail)
Keywords: Analytic hierarchy process, Social public, Solar energy, Carbon reduction
The average means and standard deviation was employed to statistically analyze the data, and 16 items with the mean top 16 weights were chosen as the evaluation criteria to fully construct the hierarchy structure of policy for promoting solar energy, as illustrated in Fig. 1.
weights and global weights of 16 sub-criteria Major criteria Sub-criteria Relative weight Order Global weight Order Policy Patents for solar energy products 0.466 1 0.183 1 Items with mature techniques and economic benefits are the priorities 0.171 4 0.067 7 The government’s involvement in studies on solar energy industries 0.173 3 0.068 6 Increase percentage of solar energy power in total power capacity 0.190 2 0.075 5 Technique Encourage the firms to develop new techniques of solar energy power 0.211 3 0.082 4 Improve power saving technique 0.245 2 0.095 3 Cooperation between domestic firms and international solar energy companies 0.107 4 0.041 9 Encourage R&D of new techniques and reduce power cost 0.436 1 0.168 2 Economic incentives Subsidize the firms which have the intention to develop and introduce new techniques 0.268 3 0.026 13 The government purchase solar energy power by favorable measures 0.383 1 0.037 11 Provide solar energy industry with tax exemption or reduction
The average means and standard deviation was employed to statistically analyze the data, and 16 items with the mean top 16 weights were chosen as the evaluation criteria to fully construct the hierarchy structure of policy for promoting solar energy, as illustrated in Fig. 1.
weights and global weights of 16 sub-criteria Major criteria Sub-criteria Relative weight Order Global weight Order Policy Patents for solar energy products 0.466 1 0.183 1 Items with mature techniques and economic benefits are the priorities 0.171 4 0.067 7 The government’s involvement in studies on solar energy industries 0.173 3 0.068 6 Increase percentage of solar energy power in total power capacity 0.190 2 0.075 5 Technique Encourage the firms to develop new techniques of solar energy power 0.211 3 0.082 4 Improve power saving technique 0.245 2 0.095 3 Cooperation between domestic firms and international solar energy companies 0.107 4 0.041 9 Encourage R&D of new techniques and reduce power cost 0.436 1 0.168 2 Economic incentives Subsidize the firms which have the intention to develop and introduce new techniques 0.268 3 0.026 13 The government purchase solar energy power by favorable measures 0.383 1 0.037 11 Provide solar energy industry with tax exemption or reduction