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Vol. 4 (2005), p. 38-41 [3] Ning Fang, Kui Liu, DEnwen Zuo: Journal of Materials Science Letters.

Newmark-β to solve, To obtain the vertical wheel displacement, velocity and acceleration values​​. 6) By the interaction force between the axle system equations vehicle force acting on the bridge node, resulting in structural dynamics equations loading bridge to measure. 7) To (16)formula into the formula(8), using the Newmark-β to solve again to give the corresponding node bridge displacement, velocity and acceleration values​​. 8) Repeat 4-7 for iteratively, until it meets the convergence condition is reached, the condition after the next time step into the calculation of the vehicle when the end of the bridge. 4 Numerical Solution In order to verify the correctness of the algorithm and procedures, to take literature[4] Charpy and vehicle specific parameter as follows: Table.1 Bridge models and vehicle model parameters bridge parameters Vehicle model parameters Vehicle model uses two degrees of freedom model, shown in Figure 1. the use of finite element software Ansys, materials
Beijing, Science Press,2002:101-121
Dynamic response of highway bridges to heavy vehiclesLoads,Theory and Experimental Validation．Journal of Sound and Vibration,1994,170(1):51-78.

[3] T.C.Lin, H.P.Lee, H.C.Chang, T.K.Truong: Information Sciences. 197(2012)215-222
[5] X.Dong, J.Gao and L.Yang: Journal of Liaoning Normal University.25(2002)1-2
[9] X.Dong: Applied Mechanics and Materials. 385-386 (2013)1797-1800

Materials and Methods Two steels with different Ti content (steel 1#, steel2#) are investigated, and their chemical compositions are reported in Table 1.
Wang: Journal of Northeast University (Natural Science, In Chinese), Vol. 28 (2010) No.10, p. 1369

D band at 1350 cm−1 (related to defects in the structure of carbon materials), G band between 1500 and 1600 cm−1 (associated to the presence of more organized graphitic structures) [18].
We also would like to pay our gratitude to National Science Council of R.O.C. for the grant support.
Lee , C.S.Yang, H.J.Huang, S.Y.Hu, J.W.Lee, C.F.Cheng, C.C.Huang, M.K.Tsai, H.C.Kuang, Journal of Luminescence 2010;130: 1756–1759 [14] Vijayanandhini, K. and Kutty, T.R.N.

Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (Award No. 2013J01129) and Program of the Education Department of Fujian Province (Award JA11030).
Zhang: CHINESE JOURNAL OF STEREOLOGY AND IMAGE ANALYSIS.
Zhang: Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment.

CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0097, as an activity of the regional Centre AdMaS “Advanced Materials, Structures and Technologies”, and of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic “Increasing the quality of track in switches by flexibility” No. 
Christensen, Strain gauge measurement of wheel-rail interaction forces, Journal of strain analysis 32 (1997) 183-191
Yao, Crane wheel-rail contact stresses research based on experimental test and finite element analysis, in: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Frontiers of Manufacturing and Design Science, ICFMD 2013, Hong Kong, China, 2014, Vol. 496500, pp. 662-665

Adigamova1 1Institute of Chemistry, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia ; 2Far East State University, ul.
The value of coercive force is close to the values corresponding to the magnetically hard materials (40–100 Oe).
Kharitonskii, The Journal of Surface Investigation, 6, 68 (1996)

In the dynamics modeling, take the clearance equivalent to the continuous material which are the degree of exposure and elastic modulus changes, and made their changes as the changes in cantilever clearance system, then, draw the corresponding curve.
On the basic theory of material mechanic, the tension and press stiff of clearance between cover and cantilever beam k1 and the clearance’ stiff between bottom and cantilever beam k2 are: (1) (2) Where, -- The real contact area of part A and C, and the contact is incomplete because that the contact and target surfaces are coarse, . -- The real contact area of part B and C, and the contact is incomplete because that the contact and target surfaces are coarse, .
Acknowledgement This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50805114).
Parker: Journal of Sound and Vibration Vol. 292 (2006), p. 969

The discrepancy between our model and the results in [6] was small and this was due to the difference in material modelling as elastoplastic versus our bilinear-isotropic hardening.
High ratios indicate efficient use of the material.
Jones, N. and Wierzbicki, T., Elsevier Science Publisher, pp. 385-421, 1993
[5] Seitzberger M., Rammerstorfer F.G. , Gradinger R. , Degischer H.P., Blaimschein M., Walch C., International Journal of Solids and Structures 37 (2000) 4125-4147