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Under external conditional actions, the inherent defects in inner of solid materials such as rock can be activated, which can cause damage failure of materials.
With materials damaged, the strain energy in the materials will be released and quickly spread in form of elastic wave.
JOURNAL OF CHINA COAL SOCIETY, 2004, 29(6): 663-667
Shangdong: Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2007
JOURNAL OF CHINA COAL SOCIETY, 2008, 33(6): 648-651.

Effects of Argon-Oxygen ratio and Sputtering Power on Opitcal Properties of ZnO:Al Thin Films fabricated by RF Magntron Sputtering * Shu Jie 1, a, Li Yang 2,b and DongHua fan 2,c 1Guang Zhou Institute of Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 2School of Applide Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China a shujie@ms.giec.ac.cn, binsidesun@163.com, c donghua_fan@126.com Keywords: ZAO films, RF magnetron sputtering, argon-oxygen, sputtering power Abstract.
More importantly, the ZAO films have advantages of easy preparation, non-toxic side effects, lower cost, natural reserves of raw materials and good thermal stability and so on.
The sputtering target is made from aluminium-doped zinc (98% Zn + 2% Al) materials.
Wu: Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser 　　Vol. 19 (2008) , p. 1648
Ren and Yang: Journal of Functional Materials, Vol. 09 (2007), p. 19.

The good workability of self-compacting concrete is usually guaranteed by increasing the amount of binding materials, and reducing the amount of coarse aggregate, meanwhile by adding mineral additives and high performance water reducing agent.
Raw Materials and Mix Proportion of Concrete Raw materials of concrete.
The fly ash is from Xinhao II commodity of Shanghai, and the mineral mixture is HL complex mineral additive ("HL" for short) produced by Zhejiang Heli New Construction Materials Ltd.
Journal of Changsha Railway University, Vol. 19, No. 2(2001), p.25-29
Journal of Fuzhou University, Vol. 31, No. 5 (2003), p. 573-577（In Chinese）

Egbali: Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
Material Science Engineering A.
Material Science Engineering A.
Materials Letters.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B.

Acrylic and silicone elastomers are the most representative materials of this class of EAPs.
Science, 287 (2000) p.836-839
Bar-Cohen (Ed), Smart Structures and Materials 2003: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices, Proceedings of SPIE, 5051 (2003) p.143-158
Smart Materials And Structures, Smart Materials and Structures, 16 (2007), p.
De Rossi, Dielectric elastomer cylindrical actuators: electromechanical modelling and experimental evaluation, Materials Science & Engineering C, Vol. 24 (4) (2004), p. 555562.

Numerical Analysis for Bolt Length Based on the Stress Response of Anchorage Surrounding Rock Bin WANG1,2, a, FuJun ZHAO1,b and WenBin PENG1,c 1School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan China 2Hunan Key Laboratory of Safe Mining Technique of Coal Mines, Xiangtan China awb21c@sina.com, bzfjxxn@263.net, cwenbinpeng@163.com Keywords: anchorage surrounding rock; bolt length; tangential stress.
As far as load transfer mechanism is concerned, bolt loads could be transferred to the surrounding rock by the bond-friction-occlusion function between bolt body and anchoring material.
For the convenience of finite element analysis, red shale is regarded as Drucker-Prager material.
Homoplastically, concrete is treated as elastic material, its elastic modulus and poisson ratio is respectively 28.5 GPa and 0.2.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50974059) and Doctor Research Start Foundation of Hunan University of Science and Technology(E51173).

The measured errors are compensated in real time in consideration of the thermal expansion coefficient of the specific material and the corresponding structure.
Cho: "FE Analysis According to Hinge Condition of Micro Stage for Micro Cutting Machine", Key Engineering Materials Vol. 274-276 (2004), pp. 343-348 [2] H.
Chetwynd: Foundation of Ultra Precision Mechanism Design (Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1992) [4] D.
Keith Bowen: Development in Nanotechnology (Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1992) [5] H.
Nakazawa: Principles of Precision Engineering (Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1994)

Initial Pitting Behavior of LY12 Aluminum Alloy In Simulated Marine Atmosphere HAN Desheng1, a , GUO Min2, b , LI Di 1, c 1School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University Of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China 2 ATC-China Alcoa (China) Investment Company, Ltd, Beijing 100004, China a desheng@mse.buaa.edu.cn, b min.guo@alcoa.com, clidi@buaa.edu.cn Keyword: initial pitting; LY12 aluminum alloy; simulated marine atmosphere corrosion Abstract: By analyzing morphology, weight gain, pitting depth, potential and AC impendence in corrosion course, initial pitting behavior of LY12 aluminum alloy in simulated marine atmosphere was studied.
In initial pitting course of LY12, open circuit potential changed little and Nyquist graph had the characteristic of adsorbent resist system. 1Introduction LY12 aluminum alloy (corresponds to USA 2024) is regarded as a representative structure material, which widely used in navigation equipments in China.
In this paper, initial pitting behavior of LY12 in simulated marine atmosphere was studied. 2 Experimental methods LY12CZ aluminum alloy with the thickness of 4.5mm was selected as experiment material.
References [1] Naixin Xu, Lingyuan zhao, Cuihong Ding, Chengdian zhang, Runshen Li, Qingdong zhong: Laboratory observation of dew formation at an early stage of atmospheric corrosion of metals, Corrosion Science Vol. 44(2002) p.163-170 [2] M.Morcillo, B.Chico, L.Mariaca, E.Otero: Salinity in marine atmospheric corrosion: its dependence on the wind regime existing in the site, Corrosion Science Vol. 42(2000) p.91-104 [3] GB3190-82：The chemical composition of aluminum and aluminum alloys machining manufactures
[4] HU Yanling, LI Di, GUO Baolan: Study on Evaluation of Localized Corrosion of 2024T3 Aluminum Alloys with EIS, Journal of Beijing University of aeronautics and astronautics Vol. 27(2001)

Because the supplier is familiar with raw materials, which is used by manufacturer to develop a product, the research and develop efficiency will be improved and the whole supply chain will get more profit with less input and risks.
[4] Qing Zhou, Deming Zeng, Xiaojing Wang: Journal of Hunan University (In Chinese), (2004) 31(1), p.108 [5] Zijian Zhang, Wei Liu, Wanjun Zhang: Research Policy, (2008) P. 95-101
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[9] Lode Li, E.L.Porteus, H.T.Zhang: Management Science, (2001), p. 1539-1551

(7) (8) Relationship of the abrasive materials and the output voltage.
The experiment selected four kinds of different materials, the iron, copper, titanium and water, whose granularity is 500μm.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (61179044 and 61301244).
Smart Materials ＆ Structures, 2009, 18( 8) :1-13
Journal, 2002, 12 (4): 333 – 338